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GOMES IN, PALMA LC, CAMPOS GO, LIMA JGB, DE ALMEIDA TF, DE MENEZES JPB, FERREIRA CAG, SANTOS RRDOS, BUCK GA, MANQUE PAM, OZAKI LS, PROBST CM, DE FREITAS LAR, KRIEGER MA, VERAS PST. The scavenger receptor MARCO is involved inLeishmania majorinfection by CBA/J macrophages. Parasite Immunol 2009; 31:188-98. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moraes-Silva E, Antunes FR, Rodrigues MS, da Silva Julião F, Dias-Lima AG, Lemos-de-Sousa V, de Alcantara AC, Reis EAG, Nakatani M, Badaró R, Reis MG, Pontes-de-Carvalho L, Franke CR. Domestic swine in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area produce antibodies against multiple Leishmania infantum antigens but apparently resist to L. infantum infection. Acta Trop 2006; 98:176-82. [PMID: 16730628 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Revised: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate whether pigs can be infected by Leishmania infantum, a serological and parasitological study was carried out on swine in the Jequié municipality, Northeast of Brazil. Anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies were detected in 37 out of 92 swine (40.2%), by two different assays: an anti-L. infantum lysate and an anti-K39 recombinant protein ELISA. An experimental study was also carried out to verify the susceptibility of domestic pigs to L. infantum infection. Three sows inoculated with 10(8) stationary-phase infective L. infantum promastigotes (26% metacyclic promastigotes) per kilogram of body weight produced anti-Leishmania antibodies until the end of the experiment, 11 months later. No parasites, however, could be visualized through optical microscopy of spleen, liver and bone marrow or by in vitro culture of these organs. Homogenates of these organs were also inoculated in hamsters, without producing infection. No Leishmania DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in sand flies fed on these animals. The results indicate that domestic pigs bitten by L. infantum-infected vectors in the endemic area do not display a full infection pattern, and the positive association in endemic areas between the presence of swine and infection in canines may not be ascribable to the former acting as a parasite reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Moraes-Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Brotas, CEP: 40295-001, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Paranhos-Silva M, Oliveira GG, Reis EA, de Menezes RM, Fernandes O, Sherlock Í, Gomes RB, Pontes-de-Carvalho LC, dos-Santos WL. A follow-up of Beagle dogs intradermally infected with Leishmania chagasi in the presence or absence of sand fly saliva. Vet Parasitol 2003; 114:97-111. [PMID: 12781472 PMCID: PMC7126804 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(03)00132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compare the development of infection and/or disease in Beagle dogs intradermally infected with Leishmania chagasi, in the presence or absence of Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva, with those of intravenously infected animals. Spleen samples of all the animals inoculated with parasites had positive polymerase chain reaction tests for Leishmania DNA. Positive spleen cultures for Leishmania were detected earlier (P < or = 0.018) and were more frequent (five out of the five animals) in intravenously infected animals than in the intradermally infected animals, in presence (two out of the six animals) or absence (three out of the five animals) of salivary gland lysate of L. longipalpis. Significant increase in serum antibodies against Leishmania was observed only in the intravenously infected group (P = 0.004). In addition, dogs with infection confirmed by isolation of amastigotes or detection of parasite DNA were, nevertheless, negative for anti-Leishmania antibodies up to 5 months or more after infection. Only animals of the intravenously infected group developed progressive decreases in hematocrit (Pearson r = -0.8076, P = -0.0026) and hemoglobin (Pearson r = -0.8403, P = 0.0012) during the infection period. No significant difference in the course of infection was observed between groups of intradermally infected animals. The data presented herein confirms that the intradermal inoculation of dogs with Leishmania produces an asymptomatic form of infection. It also fails to show an advantage in using L. longipalpis saliva as an infection-enhancing agent in experimental canine leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moacir Paranhos-Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, 40295-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Geraldo G.S. Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, 40295-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Eliana A. Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, 40295-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rejane M.C. de Menezes
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, 40295-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Octávio Fernandes
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21.045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Sherlock
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, 40295-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Regis B.B. Gomes
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, 40295-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Lain C. Pontes-de-Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, 40295-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Av. Dom João VI No. 274, Brotas, 40290-000 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Washington L.C. dos-Santos
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, 40295-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Av. Dom João VI No. 274, Brotas, 40290-000 Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Present address: Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-Fiocruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, 40295-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Tel.: +55-71-356-8781x262; fax: +55-71-356-4292.
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Lemos de Souza V, Ascenção Souza J, Correia Silva TM, Sampaio Tavares Veras P, Rodrigues de-Freitas LA. Different Leishmania species determine distinct profiles of immune and histopathological responses in CBA mice. Microbes Infect 2000; 2:1807-15. [PMID: 11165924 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(00)01340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most experimental studies on leishmaniasis compare two different inbred strains of mice that are resistant or susceptible to one species of Leishmania. In the present study we characterized some cytokines and nitric oxide production as well as histological changes related to resistance and susceptibility in isogenic CBA mice infected with Leishmania major or Leishmania amazonensis. CBA mice are capable of controlling infection with L. major, but they succumb to infection with L. amazonensis. Cells from susceptible L. amazonensis-infected CBA mice produced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 but no interferon (IFN)-gamma. On the other hand, resistant L. major-infected CBA mice produced IFN-gamma and IL-10, but IL-4 was detected only in the first week of infection. Histopathological studies showed patterns of tissue responses at the site of the infection and in the draining lymph nodes that correlated with resistance or susceptibility. Resistant mice showed a mixed inflammatory cell infiltration and granulomas in the lesions, whereas in susceptible mice only heavily parasitized macrophages were seen. Our results indicate an important role of the parasite species in determining the pattern of immune response. L. amazonensis induces a Th2-type immune response, whereas L. major induces a Th1-type response. These factors must be identified and taken into account in the strategies for the development of vaccines against leishmaniasis. The model presented here will be useful for the study of such factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lemos de Souza
- LPBC, Laboratory of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 121, R Valdemar Falcão, Brotas, Salvador, 40295-001, Bahia, Brazil
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Abstract
The complement system is a first-line defence mechanism against parasites. All parasites causing deep infections and getting into contact with human plasma must, in one way or another, avoid the destructive effect of this powerful defence system. Several specific strategies of complement resistance of parasites have been reported, and this rather large spectrum of regulatory mechanisms covers the whole cascade of complement activation. Analysis of the known and elucidation of the yet unknown mechanisms will probably help in the development of new therapeutic and preventive approaches to control the different parasitic diseases. This paper will review the complement resistance mechanisms reported and their utilization by various parasites.
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