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Laan PM, de Zwart FJ, Wilson EM, Troglia A, Lugier OCM, Geels NJ, Bliem R, Reek JNH, de Bruin B, Rothenberg G, Yan N. Understanding the Oxidative Properties of Nickel Oxyhydroxide in Alcohol Oxidation Reactions. ACS Catal 2023; 13:8467-8476. [PMID: 37441234 PMCID: PMC10334462 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The NiOOH electrode is commonly used in electrochemical alcohol oxidations. Yet understanding the reaction mechanism is far from trivial. In many cases, the difficulty lies in the decoupling of the overlapping influence of chemical and electrochemical factors that not only govern the reaction pathway but also the crystal structure of the in situ formed oxyhydroxide. Here, we use a different approach to understand this system: we start with synthesizing pure forms of the two oxyhydroxides, β-NiOOH and γ-NiOOH. Then, using the oxidative dehydrogenation of three typical alcohols as the model reactions, we examine the reactivity and selectivity of each oxyhydroxide. While solvent has a clear effect on the reaction rate of β-NiOOH, the observed selectivity was found to be unaffected and remained over 95% for the dehydrogenation of both primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively. Yet, high concentration of OH- in aqueous solvent promoted the preferential conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid. Thus, the formation of carboxylic compounds in the electrochemical oxidation without alkaline electrolyte is more likely to follow the direct electrochemical oxidation pathway. Overoxidation of NiOOH from the β- to γ-phase will affect the selectivity but not the reactivity with a sustained >95% conversion. The mechanistic examinations comprising kinetic isotope effects, Hammett analysis, and spin trapping studies reveal that benzyl alcohol is oxidatively dehydrogenated to benzaldehyde via two consecutive hydrogen atom transfer steps. This work offers the unique oxidative and catalytic properties of NiOOH in alcohol oxidation reactions, shedding light on the mechanistic understanding of the electrochemical alcohol conversion using NiOOH-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus
C. M. Laan
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J. de Zwart
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma M. Wilson
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Troglia
- Advanced
Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier C. M. Lugier
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert J. Geels
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Bliem
- Advanced
Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gadi Rothenberg
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ning Yan
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Key
Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of
Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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2
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Experimental Study of Heat Generation Rate during Discharge of LiFePO4 Pouch Cells of Different Nominal Capacities and Thickness. BATTERIES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/batteries5040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High manufacturing cost and thermal stability of Li-ion battery cells are currently the two main deterrents to prolific demand for electric vehicles. A plausible solution to this issue is a modular/scalable battery thermal management system (TMS). A modular TMS can ensure thermal reliability for battery cells of different capacities and size without needing major structural revision besides facilitating mass-production. However, understanding the relationship of heat generation rates with cell capacity and thickness is essential for developing a scalable TMS. The present paper discusses results derived from an experimental investigation undertaken with this purpose. Heat generation rates for LiFePO4 pouch cells of different nominal capacities are measured at discharge rates of 0.33C, 1C and 3C in ambient temperatures ranging between −10 and 50 °C using a custom-designed calorimeter. It is observed that heat generation rates of the LiFePO4 pouch cells become independent of their nominal capacity and thickness if the ambient temperature is regulated at 35 °C. In ambient temperatures lower than 35 °C though, the thin battery cells are found to be generating heat at rates greater than those of thick battery cells and vice-versa at temperatures over 35 °C for all discharge rates.
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Das RK, Golder AK. Use of plant based analytes for the synthesis of NiO nanoparticles in catalyzing electrochemical H2O2 production. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Ertl M, Andronescu C, Moir J, Zobel M, Wagner FE, Barwe S, Ozin G, Schuhmann W, Breu J. Oxygen Evolution Catalysis with Mössbauerite-A Trivalent Iron-Only Layered Double Hydroxide. Chemistry 2018; 24:9004-9008. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ertl
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry; University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences; Ruhr-University Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Jonathon Moir
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street M5S3H6 Toronto Canada
| | - Mirijam Zobel
- Solid State Chemistry-Mesostructured Materials; University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Friedrich E. Wagner
- Physics Department e15; Technical University Munich; James-Franck-Str. 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Stefan Barwe
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences; Ruhr-University Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Geoffrey Ozin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street M5S3H6 Toronto Canada
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences; Ruhr-University Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Josef Breu
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry; University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
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5
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Jiang L, Shanmuganathan S, Nelson GW, Han SO, Kim H, Na Sim I, Foord JS. Hybrid system of nickel–cobalt hydroxide on carbonised natural cellulose materials for supercapacitors. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Konkena B, Masa J, Botz AJR, Sinev I, Xia W, Koßmann J, Drautz R, Muhler M, Schuhmann W. Metallic NiPS3@NiOOH Core–Shell Heterostructures as Highly Efficient and Stable Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Konkena
- Analytical
Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Justus Masa
- Analytical
Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander J. R. Botz
- Analytical
Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ilya Sinev
- Chair
of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wei Xia
- Chair
of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Koßmann
- Chair
of Atomistic Modelling and Simulation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Drautz
- Chair
of Atomistic Modelling and Simulation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Muhler
- Chair
of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical
Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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7
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Sasaki T, Ukyo Y, Novák P. Memory effect in a lithium-ion battery. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:569-575. [PMID: 23584142 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Memory effects are well known to users of nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal-hydride batteries. If these batteries are recharged repeatedly after being only partially discharged, they gradually lose usable capacity owing to a reduced working voltage. Lithium-ion batteries, in contrast, are considered to have no memory effect. Here we report a memory effect in LiFePO4-one of the materials used for the positive electrode in Li-ion batteries-that appears already after only one cycle of partial charge and discharge. We characterize this memory effect of LiFePO4 and explain its connection to the particle-by-particle charge/discharge model. This effect is important for most battery uses, as the slight voltage change it causes can lead to substantial miscalculations in estimating the state of charge of batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sasaki
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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Hu M, Lei L, Chen J, Sun Y. Improving the high-temperature performances of a layered double hydroxide, [Ni4Al(OH)10]NO3, through calcium hydroxide coatings. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Li B, Cao H, Shao J, Zheng H, Lu Y, Yin J, Qu M. Improved performances of β-Ni(OH)2@reduced-graphene-oxide in Ni-MH and Li-ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3159-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Li B, Ai M, Xu Z. Mesoporous β-Ni(OH)2: synthesis and enhanced electrochemical performance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6267-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Morishita M, Shimizu Y, Kobayakawa K, Sato Y. Suppression of the memory effect observed in alkaline secondary batteries under partial charge–discharge conditions. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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MORISHITA M, OCHIAI S, KAKEYA T, OZAKI T, KAWABE Y, WATADA M, TANASE S, SAKAI T. Phase Transformation in the Charge-Discharge Process and the Structural Analysis by Synchrotron XAFS and XRD for Nickel Hydroxide Electrode. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.76.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Zhou HB, Zhou ZT. Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Structure and Electrochemical Performances of Sphericalβ-Ni(OH)2. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Structural modifications and electrochemical behaviour of the β(II)-Ni(OH)2/β(III)-NiOOH redox couple upon galvanostatic charging/discharging cycling. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Alkaline Cation Intercalation into Graphite Used as a Conducting Material in Nickel Electrode of Aqueous Secondary Batteries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2017816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Pham MT, Maitz MF, Richter E, Reuther H, Prokert F, Mücklich A. Electrochemical behaviour of nickel surface-alloyed with copper and titanium. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Mancier V, Metrot A, Willmann P. A ‘transverse’ ac impedance method to follow the nickel oxo-hydroxide electrode charging process. Electrochim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(01)00896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Bellakhal N, Brisset JL. Oxygen Plasma Preparation of Nickel Oxide Layers. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2001. [DOI: 10.3184/030823401103169612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nickel oxide thin films form and grow when Nickel foils are exposed to an inductively coupled low pressure oxygen plasma. The resulting oxide (NiO) is identified by near-grazing X-ray diffraction and by FTIR specular reflectance spectroscopy methods. The thickness of the NiO layer increases with exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Bellakhal
- Département de Chimie et de Biologie Appliquées, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), B.P.N°676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisie
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie (LEICA), UFR des Sciences et Techniques de Rouen, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - J. L. Brisset
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie (LEICA), UFR des Sciences et Techniques de Rouen, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
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19
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Gonsalves M, Robert Hillman A. Effect of time scale on redox-driven ion and solvent transfers at nickel hydroxide films in aqueous lithium hydroxide solutions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Lyazidi HA, Benabdallah MZ, Berlan J, Kot C, Fabre PL, Mestre M, Fauvarque JF. Electrooxidation of Diacetone -L-Sorbose (DAS) into Diacetone-2-Keto-L-Gulonic acid (DAG) at nickel electrodes. CAN J CHEM ENG 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450740312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Mancier V, Métrot A, Willmann P. Ac impedance modelling of nickel hydroxide electrodes viewed as mixed protonic-electronic conductors. Electrochim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(95)00446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Guay D, Tourillon G, Dartyge E, Fontaine A, McBreen J, Pandya K, O'Grady W. In-situ time-resolved EXAFS study of the structural modifications occurring in nickel oxide electrodes between their fully oxidized and reduced states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(91)85204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Murugesamoorthi KA, Srinivasan S, Appleby AJ. AC impedance studies on nickel oxide electrodes to determine self-discharge characteristics of Ni-H2 batteries. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01464287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Armstrong R, Wang H. Behaviour of nickel hydroxide electrodes after prolonged potential float. Electrochim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(91)85271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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27
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Electrochromic NiOxHy, hydrated films: cyclic voltammetry and ac impedance spectroscopy in aqueous electrolyte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(90)85107-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Biwer BM, Pellin MJ, Schauer MW, Gruen DM. Electrochemical and second harmonic generation investigation of nickel corrosion in 0.1M NaOH. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.740141012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Süvegh K, Horanyi T, Vertes A. Characterization of the β-Ni(OH)2/β-NiOOH system by positron lifetime spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(88)80195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Gennero de Chialvo M, Chialvo A. Oxygen evolution reaction on thick hydrous nickel oxide electrodes. Electrochim Acta 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(98)80013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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The electroformation of thick hydrous nickel hydroxide films through the application of periodic potential signals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(87)80016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Textural and structural studies on nickel hydroxide electrodes. II. Turbostratic nickel (II) hydroxide submitted to electrochemical redox cycling. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01084134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Barnard R, Randell CF. Studies concerning charged nickel hydroxide electrodes. VI. Voltammetric behaviour for pre-cycled electrodes. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00615885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Micka K, Roušar I. Theory of porous electrodes—XVII. Correction for anodic and cathodic reaction rates for nickel hydroxide electrode. Electrochim Acta 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(82)85072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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37
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Burke L, Whelan D. Growth of electrochromic film on nickel in base under potential cycling conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(80)80139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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