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Talley SJ, Vivod SL, Nguyen BA, Meador MAB, Radulescu A, Moore RB. Hierarchical Morphology of Poly(ether ether ketone) Aerogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31508-31519. [PMID: 31379150 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The phase diagram for the thermoreversible gelation of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) in 4-chlorophenol (4CP) was constructed over broad temperature and concentration ranges, revealing that PEEK is capable of dissolving and forming gels in both 4CP and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) up to a concentration of 25 wt %. Highly porous aerogels of PEEK were prepared through simple solvent exchange followed by one of two drying methods of solvent removal from the wet gel: freeze-drying or supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SC-drying). The field-emission scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that gelation of PEEK in 4CP, followed by SC-drying, produced aerogels with well-defined lamellar aggregates as compared to less ordered aggregates formed from DCA. Mechanical properties (in compression) were shown to improve with increasing density, resulting in equivalent compressive moduli at comparable density, regardless of the preparation method (gelation solvent selection, concentration variation, or drying method). Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms indicate that PEEK aerogels are comprised of mesopores (2-50 nm diameter pores) formed from stacked crystalline lamella. PEEK aerogels prepared using SC-drying exhibit higher Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas than freeze-dried aerogels of comparable density. The ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering/small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)/wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis revealed a hierarchical morphology of the PEEK aerogels with structural features from PEEK crystallites to agglomerates of stacked lamella that spanned a wide range of length scales. SANS contrast-matching confirmed that the morphological origin of the principle scattering feature in PEEK aerogels is stacked crystalline lamella. Nitrogen sorption measurements of porosity and the specific surface area of the PEEK aerogels were correlated with the SAXS analysis to reveal a remarkably high surface area attributed to the platelet-like, lamellar morphology. Contact angle and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) revealed that low-density PEEK aerogels (ρ < 0.15 g/cm3) have water contact angles above the superhydrophobicity cutoff angle (>150°) and a very low CAH near 1°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Talley
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII) , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Stephanie L Vivod
- NASA Glenn Research Center , 21000 Brookpark Road , Cleveland , Ohio 44135 , United States
| | - Baochau A Nguyen
- Ohio Aerospace Institute , 22800 Cedar Point Road , Cleveland , Ohio 44142 , United States
| | - Mary Ann B Meador
- NASA Glenn Research Center , 21000 Brookpark Road , Cleveland , Ohio 44135 , United States
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Center for Neutron Science, JCNS Outstation at MLZ , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Lichtenbergstrasse 1 , Garching 85747 , Germany
| | - Robert B Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII) , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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Xu LY, Yan HW, Gong L, Yin B, Yang MB. Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)/alkylated graphene oxide nanocomposites: the emergence of a new crystal structure. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified graphene oxide (GO) not only offers a wrinkled structure but may also transform the crystal structure, giving it a potential application in high performance polymer/filler composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-yang Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Huai-wen Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Bo Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Ming-bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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Mita K, Okumura H, Kimura K, Isaki T, Takenaka M, Kanaya T. Simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering studies on the crystallization dynamics of poly(4-methylpentene-1) from melt. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stagnaro P, Boragno L, Losio S, Canetti M, Alfonso GC, Galimberti M, Piemontesi F, Sacchi MC. Isoselectivity and Steric Hindrance of C2 Symmetric Metallocenes as the Keys to Control Structural and Thermal Features of Ethene/4-Methyl-1-Pentene Copolymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102914r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Stagnaro
- ISMAC−Genova, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole ISMAC−CNR, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Boragno
- ISMAC−Genova, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole ISMAC−CNR, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Losio
- ISMAC−Milano, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole ISMAC−CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Canetti
- ISMAC−Milano, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole ISMAC−CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carlo Alfonso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale DCCI, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Galimberti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Carmela Sacchi
- ISMAC−Milano, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole ISMAC−CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Daniel C, Vitillo JG, Fasano G, Guerra G. Aerogels and polymorphism of isotactic poly(4-methyl-pentene-1). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:969-977. [PMID: 21391589 DOI: 10.1021/am200107w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic and highly crystalline aerogels of isotactic poly(4-methyl-pentene-1) (i-P4MP1) have been prepared by sudden solvent extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide from thermoreversible gels. The cross-link junctions of i-P4MP1 gels, depending on the solvent, can be constituted by pure polymer crystalline phases (I or III or IV) or by polymer-solvent cocrystalline phases (for cyclohexane and carbon tetrachloride gels). Gels with cocrystalline phases lead to aerogels exhibiting the denser crystalline form II, whereas all the other considered gels lead to aerogels exhibiting the thermodynamically stable form I. Aerogels obtained from form I gels, which do not undergo a crystalline phase transition during the CO(2) extraction process present the high structural stability most suitable for the preparation of porous membranes. The effect of solvents on the aerogel pore structure and morphology has been also investigated by scanning electron microscopy and N(2) sorption measurements. In all cases, the aerogels present highly porous interconnected structures with macropores and mesopores presenting a large size distribution and a vanishing presence of micropores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Daniel
- Dipartimento di Chimica, NANOMATES and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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Nakamae K, Nishino T, Takagi S. Temperature dependence of the elastic modulus of crystalline regions of isotactic poly(4-methyl-1-pentene). J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00222349108245783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Nakamae
- a Department of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Engineering , Kobe University , 1-Rokkodai,Nada, Kobe, 657, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- a Department of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Engineering , Kobe University , 1-Rokkodai,Nada, Kobe, 657, Japan
| | - Shin'ya Takagi
- a Department of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Engineering , Kobe University , 1-Rokkodai,Nada, Kobe, 657, Japan
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Crystallization and gelation of isotactic poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) in n-pentane and in n-pentane+CO2 at high pressures. J Supercrit Fluids 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2006.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ruan J, Thierry A, Lotz B. A low symmetry structure of isotactic poly(4-methyl-pentene-1), Form II. An illustration of the impact of chain folding on polymer crystal structure and unit-cell symmetry. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ruan J, Alcazar D, Thierry A, Lotz B. An unusual branching in single crystals of isotactic poly(4-methyl-1-pentene). POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Structural changes in the melt spinning, cold drawing, and annealing of poly(4-methylpentene-1) fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II” Via Mezzocannone 4, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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De Rosa C, Capitani D, Cosco S. Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Four Crystalline Forms of Isotactic Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene). Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma970706m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 4, 80134 Napoli, Italy, and Istituto di Strutturistica Chimica “G. Giacomello”, CNR, M. B. 10, Monterotondo Stazione, Italy
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 4, 80134 Napoli, Italy, and Istituto di Strutturistica Chimica “G. Giacomello”, CNR, M. B. 10, Monterotondo Stazione, Italy
| | - Simona Cosco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 4, 80134 Napoli, Italy, and Istituto di Strutturistica Chimica “G. Giacomello”, CNR, M. B. 10, Monterotondo Stazione, Italy
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Danch A, Gadomski A. On thermal properties of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) membranes cast from solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02547491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lopez LC, Wilkes GL, Stricklen PM, White SA. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Poly(4-Methyl-1 -Pentene). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/15321799208021429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Williams JM, Moore JE. Flexible microcellular foam from polymethylpentene/cyclohexane. POLYM ENG SCI 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.760300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Effect of solvent on the polymorphism of poly(4-methylpentene-1): 2. Crystallization in semi-dilute solutions. POLYMER 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(84)90156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Charlet G, Delmas G, Revol J, Manley R. Effect of solvent on the polymorphism of poly(4-methylpentene-1): 1. Solution-grown single crystals. POLYMER 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(84)90155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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