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Gonzalez-Vazquez A, Aguilar-Peralta AK, Tomas-Sanchez C, Blanco-Alvarez VM, Martinez-Fong D, Gonzalez-Barrios JA, Treviño S, Millán-Perez Peña L, Alatriste V, Soto-Rodriguez G, Brambila E, Leon-Chavez BA. Taurine Increases Zinc Preconditioning-Induced Prevention of Nitrosative Stress, Metabolic Alterations, and Motor Deficits in Young Rats following Intrauterine Ischemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6696538. [PMID: 34040692 PMCID: PMC8121588 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6696538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation in newborns leads to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, whose hallmarks are oxidative/nitrosative stress, energetic metabolism alterations, nutrient deficiency, and motor behavior disability. Zinc and taurine are known to protect against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in adults and neonates. However, the combined effect of prophylactic zinc administration and therapeutic taurine treatment on intrauterine ischemia- (IUI-) induced cerebral damage remains unknown. The present work evaluated this issue in male pups subjected to transient IUI (10 min) at E17 and whose mothers received zinc from E1 to E16 and taurine from E17 to postnatal day 15 (PND15) via drinking water. We assessed motor alterations, nitrosative stress, lipid peroxidation, and the antioxidant system comprised of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Enzymes of neuronal energetic pathways, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were also evaluated. The hierarchization score of the protective effect of pharmacological strategies (HSPEPS) was used to select the most effective treatment. Compared with the IUI group, zinc, alone or combined with taurine, improved motor behavior and reduced nitrosative stress by increasing SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and decreasing the GSSG/GSH ratio in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Taurine alone increased the AST/ALT, LDH/ALT, and AST/LDH ratios in the cerebral cortex, showing improvement of the neural bioenergetics system. This result suggests that taurine improves pyruvate, lactate, and glutamate metabolism, thus decreasing IUI-caused cerebral damage and relieving motor behavior impairment. Our results showed that taurine alone or in combination with zinc provides neuroprotection in the IUI rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gonzalez-Vazquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 sur y Av. San Claudio, Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ana-Karina Aguilar-Peralta
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 sur y Av. San Claudio, Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Constantino Tomas-Sanchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 sur y Av. San Claudio, Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Victor-Manuel Blanco-Alvarez
- Facultad de enfermería, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 27 sur 1304, Col. Volcanes, Puebla, 72410 Puebla, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 13 sur 2702, Col. Volcanes, Puebla, 72410 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, 07000 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Juan-Antonio Gonzalez-Barrios
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional 1° de Octubre, ISSSTE, Avenida, Instituto Politécnico Nacional #1669, 07760 México DF, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 sur y Av. San Claudio, Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Millán-Perez Peña
- Centro de Química, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 sur y Av. San Claudio, Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Victorino Alatriste
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 sur y Av. San Claudio, Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Soto-Rodriguez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 13 sur 2702, Col. Volcanes, Puebla, 72410 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 sur y Av. San Claudio, Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Bertha Alicia Leon-Chavez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 sur y Av. San Claudio, Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
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Abstract
Electrophysiological characteristics of the hippocampal slices of juvenile (14-27 days) or young (36-40 days) Wistar rats have been compared. In the juvenile rats measurements were taken daily, from postnatal day (PN) 14 to PN27. Input-output curves were used to quantify the ontogeny of excitatory processes. The dynamic of population spike (PS) maturation was not even during the investigated postnatal period. After day 19 transient decrease of PS amplitude was observed until day 22. There were also some differences between the shape of input-output curves from the slices of rats of different ages. In general, PS was saturated at lower intensities in younger animals. The slices from 19-day-old rats did not display saturated input-output curve with 2-20 V stimuli intensities. But input-output curves on PN20-22 were rather similar to that obtained before PN19. The periods of gradual increase and subsequent decrease of PS amplitudes during early ontogeny correlate with the appearance of certain forms of behaviour. This fact suggests that hippocampal PS amplitude depression may be relevant functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Kudryashov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, 5a Butlerov str., 117485, Moscow, Russia.
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Abstract
Neurotoxic properties of quinolinic acid following intracerebroventricular application were investigated in the hippocampal formation of 12- and 30-day-old rats. Quinolinic acid neurodegenerative potency was found to depend on the survival time, the dose applied and the developmental stage of the animal. Pretreatment with kynurenic acid and ketamine as well as the transection of the perforant path were noted to protect major parts of the hippocampal cell layers from quinolinic acid-induced degenerative effects. The results are interpreted in view of a putative dependence of quinolinic acid neurotoxicity on the presence of established synaptic, in particular glutamatergic, processes which play a major role in the hippocampal formation and mature during the first postnatal weeks. For comparison, we studied local effects of quinolinic acid on superior cervical and dorsal root ganglia in which glutamate inputs obviously do not occur; no signs of neuronal vulnerability were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Keilhoff
- Institute of Biology, Medical Academy of Magdeburg, G.D.R
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Richter K, Wolf G. High-affinity glutamine uptake of the rat hippocampus during postnatal development: a quantitative autoradiographic study. Neuroscience 1990; 34:49-55. [PMID: 2325853 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90303-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine uptake into hippocampal slices of the rat was investigated autoradiographically. The characteristics of registered [14C]glutamine uptake such as the incubation with the radiolabelled amino acid at a concentration of 3.5 mumol/l, sodium dependency, the distribution pattern of radioactive material, and the postnatal development of uptake capacity are comparable with those of high-affinity uptake of glutamate. Densitometric evaluation of grain density over hippocampal layers exhibited a marked enhancement of uptake capacity in the neuropil areas during the first postnatal weeks. In the strata oriens and radiatum (CA1) radiolabelling increased from day 2 to 25 by about 390 and 410%, in the strata oriens and lacunosum-moleculare of CA3 by about 350 and 375%, respectively. In contrast, the rise in the accumulation rate in cell body layers was negligible. The temporal and topographical profiles of glutamine uptake in the hippocampal neuropil correlated with those of the activity of phosphate-activated glutaminase and parameters of maturation of the glutamatergic transmission system which have fairly similar time characteristics, suggesting a mutually causative relationship of all these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Richter
- Institute of Biology, Medical Academy of Magdeburg, G.D.R
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Rothe F, Wolf G. Changes in glutamate-related enzyme activities in the striatum of the rat following lesion of corticostriatal fibres. Exp Brain Res 1990; 79:400-4. [PMID: 1969806 DOI: 10.1007/bf00608251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The behaviour of enzymes putatively involved in glutamate/aspartate transmitter metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino-transferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase) was studied in the striatum 3, 7, 14 days and 7 weeks after mechanical destruction of corticostriatal fibres. For a period of up to seven days after unilateral lesion, enzyme activities were significantly diminished (by up to 13% based on protein) in the ipsilateral striatum as compared to the striatum of the intact side. Later, the enzyme activities in the ipsilateral striatum recovered. After seven weeks, an increase was observed for glutamate dehydrogenase activity, whereas the activity of alanine aminotransferase showed a transient rise enzyme levels is interpreted as being attributable to the destruction of nerve endings which are considered to be glutamatergic, interfering with various compensating processes (e.g. glial cell proliferation) which occur with advancing times after lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rothe
- Institute of Biology, Medical Academy of Magdeburg, German Democratic Republic
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Wolf G, Richter K, Schmidt W, Svenneby G, Strom-Mathisen J. Glutaminase in the postnatally developing rat cerebellum: comparison of staining and immunocytochemistry activity. Neurochem Res 1989; 14:483-8. [PMID: 2747839 DOI: 10.1007/bf00964864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Distribution patterns and developmental profiles of phosphate activated glutaminase (PAG) in the cerebellar cortex of the rat were demonstrated by enzyme activity staining (tetrazolium salt technique) and immunolabeling. Histochemical evaluation of enzyme activity stained sections revealed in the molecular and granular layer (i.e. premigratory zone and external germinal zone in neonate rats) an increase from postnatal day 2 to day 50 by 350 and 400%, respectively. The smallest elevation was found in Purkinje cell bodies (140%). Maximum rise of PAG-activity was observed for all of the areas examined between day 12 and 15. The immunocytochemical visualisation of PAG-like immunoreactivity resulted in spatial and developmental patterns which differed from those of PAG-activity staining and displayed, to some extent, dependency on the way of tissue preparation, especially the fixation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wolf
- Institute of Biology, Medical Academy of Magdeburg, German Democratic Republic
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8
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Kish PE, Kim SY, Ueda T. Ontogeny of glutamate accumulating activity in rat brain synaptic vesicles. Neurosci Lett 1989; 97:185-90. [PMID: 2563905 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the ontogeny of the vesicular glutamate uptake system and synaptogenesis in rats was investigated. For this purpose we have developed a simplified procedure for the preparation of crude synaptic vesicles which are sufficiently pure to demonstrate a highly ATP-dependent glutamate uptake. ATP-dependent glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles was found to increase dramatically starting on postnatal day 10 and reaching a maximum on day 30 (76 +/- 40 and 657 +/- 40 pmol/mg protein/10 min, respectively), correlating well with the active period of synaptogenesis. Stimulation of uptake by chloride also developed in parallel with the vesicular glutamate uptake. In contrast, combined non-ATP-dependent uptake and non-specific binding remained constant (21 +/- 6 pmol/mg protein/10 min). This development of vesicular glutamate uptake during the period of synaptogenesis supports the notion that synaptic vesicles play an important role in glutamate synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Kish
- Mental Health Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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Wolf G, Richter K, Schünzel G, Schöpp W. Histochemically demonstrable activity of phosphate-activated glutaminase in the postnatally developing rat hippocampus. Brain Res 1988; 469:101-8. [PMID: 3401793 DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(88)90173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG) mediating the conversion of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia, appears to be the major glutamate metabolizing enzyme in brain. The functional relevance of PAG in postnatally maturing glutamatergic/aspartatergic structures of the rat hippocampus was studied by means of quantitative enzyme histochemistry as an alternative to immunocytochemical techniques. The calibration of the histochemical PAG reaction as well as several control experiments for specificity were carried out to ensure reliability of findings. PAG activity increased markedly during the first weeks of life with a drastic rise between postnatal days 12 and 15. On the other hand, activity of NADH diaphorase involved in the histochemical PAG assay as an auxiliary enzyme, showed a different distribution pattern as well as a different developmental sequence with high levels early in ontogenesis. The topographical and temporal parallelisms of PAG activity to several other parameters which are putatively associated with postnatally maturing glutamatergic/aspartatergic transmission processes, mutually indicate their significance in such a functional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wolf
- Institute of Biology, Medical Academy of Magdeburg, G.D.R
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Schmidt W, Wolf G. High-affinity uptake of L-[3H]glutamate and D-[3H]aspartate during postnatal development of the hippocampal formation: a quantitative autoradiographic study. Exp Brain Res 1988; 70:50-4. [PMID: 2900156 DOI: 10.1007/bf00271846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative autoradiography was used to determine the topographical and time patterns of L-[3H]glutamate and D-[3H]aspartate high-affinity uptake system in the hippocampal formation of the rat during postnatal development. Extended control experiments were performed to verify the specificity of labelling. For short incubation periods of 3-10 min, the data demonstrated a conspicuously low rate of glutamate accumulation in the hippocampal formation of newborn animals and a marked increase in labelling of hippocampal neuropil areas during the first weeks of postnatal life. Our autoradiographic data on developmental increase in glutamate high-affinity uptake levels are consistent, in terms of time and topography, in many ways with other parameters of maturation of glutamatergic and/or aspartatergic structures in the hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schmidt
- Institut für Biologie, Medizinische Akademie Magdeburg, German Democratic Republic
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Schünzel G, Wolf G, Rothe F, Seidler E. Histophotometric evaluation of glutamate dehydrogenase activity of the rat hippocampal formation during postnatal development, with special reference to the glutamate transmitter metabolism. Cell Mol Neurobiol 1986; 6:31-42. [PMID: 2872962 DOI: 10.1007/bf00742974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transmitter glutamate/aspartate synthesis is known to proceed along different metabolic pathways. In this light, the functional relevance of glutamate dehydrogenase in postnatally maturing glutamatergic/aspartatergic structures was studied by means of quantitative enzyme histochemistry. The basic requirements concerning the kinetics and calibration of the histochemical glutamate dehydrogenase reaction used were proved to be met in order to obtain valid quantitative data. The histochemically demonstrable activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) in the hippocampal formation of the rat increased markedly during postnatal development. On day 30, the distribution pattern observed was similar to that in adult animals. While the enzyme activity rose within cell body layers from day 0 to day 30 by 240-285%, the increase in neuropil layers was found to be up to 830%. Maximum values were seen in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA1 and CA3 and the stratum moleculare of the dentate fascia on day 30. Since the hippocampal neuropil is supposed to be copiously provided with glutamatergic (and aspartatergic?) structures which become functional in rats during the first weeks of postnatal life, the increase in enzyme activity is discussed to be primarily a consequence of maturing synaptic systems using glutamate and/or aspartate as transmitters.
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Rothe F, Wolf G. Developmental changes in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in nervous tissues with reference to amino acid transmission processes. Neurosci Lett 1985; 62:107-12. [PMID: 2866472 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(85)90292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In homogenate supernatants of hippocampal formation and cerebellum of the rat, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) activities increased about 6 times from postnatal day 6 (0.178 +/- 0.02 and 0.187 +/- 0.007 U/g wet wt., respectively) to day 100. In dorsal root ganglia (0.183 +/- 0.003 U/g at day 6) and superior cervical ganglia (0.188 +/- 0.019 U/g at day 6) in which apparently amino acidergic transmission processes do not occur, enzyme activities were seen to go up 4 times and 2.4 times, respectively. Based on protein, enzyme activities in both brain material and dorsal root ganglia showed a similar pattern, whereas the activity increase in superior cervical ganglia was somewhat gradual (1.4 times from day 6 to day 100). Postnatal changes in gamma-GTP activities indicated a functional correlation with the maturation of amino acidergic structures. Kainic acid added to hippocampal extracts (0.45 and 5.0 mM) and, for comparison, to those of kidney (5.0 mM) did not yield any statistically significant effect on gamma-GTP activity.
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Wolf G, Schütte M, Römhild W. Uptake and subcellular distribution of 65zinc in brain structures during the postnatal development of the rat. Neurosci Lett 1984; 51:277-80. [PMID: 6096776 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(84)90564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The uptake ratio of 65zinc into the postnatally developing hippocampal formation, cerebellum and remainder of the brain showed only minor differences, whilst following subcellular fractionation a marked decrease in 65zinc uptake from postnatal day 15 to adulthood was found in nuclear sediments (hippocampal formation 44.3%, cerebellum 27.5%), along with an increase in synaptosomal fractions on the hippocampal formation by 55.4% and of the cerebellum by 37.1%. The shift of zinc out of the perikarya into terminal fields during the postnatal development without substantial alterations of the net zinc content is supposed to be a consequence of a functional relation of zinc to synaptic transmission processes.
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