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Moskowitz NA, Roland AB, Fischer EK, Ranaivorazo N, Vidoudez C, Aguilar MT, Caldera SM, Chea J, Cristus MG, Crowdis JP, DeMessie B, desJardins-Park CR, Effenberger AH, Flores F, Giles M, He EY, Izmaylov NS, Lee CC, Pagel NA, Phu KK, Rosen LU, Seda DA, Shen Y, Vargas S, Murray AW, Abebe E, Trauger SA, Donoso DA, Vences M, O’Connell LA. Seasonal changes in diet and chemical defense in the Climbing Mantella frog (Mantella laevigata). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207940. [PMID: 30586404 PMCID: PMC6306172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poison frogs acquire chemical defenses from the environment for protection against potential predators. These defensive chemicals are lipophilic alkaloids that are sequestered by poison frogs from dietary arthropods and stored in skin glands. Despite decades of research focusing on identifying poison frog alkaloids, we know relatively little about how environmental variation and subsequent arthropod availability impacts alkaloid loads in poison frogs. We investigated how seasonal environmental variation influences poison frog chemical profiles through changes in the diet of the Climbing Mantella (Mantella laevigata). We collected M. laevigata females on the Nosy Mangabe island reserve in Madagascar during the wet and dry seasons and tested the hypothesis that seasonal differences in rainfall is associated with changes in diet composition and skin alkaloid profiles of M. laevigata. The arthropod diet of each frog was characterized into five groups (i.e. ants, termites, mites, insect larvae, or 'other') using visual identification and cytochrome oxidase 1 DNA barcoding. We found that frog diet differed between the wet and dry seasons, where frogs had a more diverse diet in the wet season and consumed a higher percentage of ants in the dry season. To determine if seasonality was associated with variation in frog defensive chemical composition, we used gas chromatography / mass spectrometry to quantify alkaloids from individual skin samples. Although the assortment of identified alkaloids was similar across seasons, we detected significant differences in the abundance of certain alkaloids, which we hypothesize reflects seasonal variation in the diet of M. laevigata. We suggest that these variations could originate from seasonal changes in either arthropod leaf litter composition or changes in frog behavioral patterns. Although additional studies are needed to understand the consequences of long-term environmental shifts, this work suggests that alkaloid profiles are relatively robust against short-term environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A. Moskowitz
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Alexandre B. Roland
- Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eva K. Fischer
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ndimbintsoa Ranaivorazo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Charles Vidoudez
- FAS Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Facility, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marianne T. Aguilar
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sophia M. Caldera
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Chea
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Miruna G. Cristus
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jett P. Crowdis
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bluyé DeMessie
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Caroline R. desJardins-Park
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Audrey H. Effenberger
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Felipe Flores
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Giles
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emma Y. He
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nike S. Izmaylov
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - ChangWon C. Lee
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A. Pagel
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Krystal K. Phu
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leah U. Rosen
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Danielle A. Seda
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yong Shen
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Santiago Vargas
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew W. Murray
- Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eden Abebe
- Cambridge Rindge and Latin High School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sunia A. Trauger
- FAS Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Facility, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David A. Donoso
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Vences
- Braunschweig University of Technology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lauren A. O’Connell
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- LS50: Integrated Science Freshman Class, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Spiccia ND, Burnley J, Subasinghe K, Perry C, Lefort L, Jackson WR, Robinson AJ. A Formal Synthesis of (-)-Perhydrohistrionicotoxin Using a Cross Metathesis-Hydrogenation Approach. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8725-8732. [PMID: 28731342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of an efficient, high yielding six-step convergent synthesis of the semisynthetic alkaloid (-)-perhydrohistrionicotoxin is described. The key transformations include the cross metathesis of a Brønsted-acid masked primary homoallylic amine with a vinyl cyclohexenone and a regioselective palladium catalyzed hydrogenation. This sequence generated the advanced Winterfeldt spirocyclic precursor in 47% overall yield, with a longest linear sequence of five steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - James Burnley
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - Kamani Subasinghe
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - Christopher Perry
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - Laurent Lefort
- DS DSM Ahead R&D B.V. - Innovative Synthesis , P.O. Box 18, 6160MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - W Roy Jackson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - Andrea J Robinson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
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Noronha-Blob L, Gover R, Baumgold J. Calcium influx mediated by nicotinic receptors and voltage sensitive calcium channels in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 162:1230-5. [PMID: 2548492 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)90805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
When SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells were exposed to nicotine (NIC) or KCl they showed a dose-dependent transient increase (2- to 4-fold) in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+])i as detected by quin-2 fluorescence, with half maximal effects (EC50) observed at 13 microM and 26 mM, respectively. Tubocurarine and 1-isodihydrohistrionicotoxin potently blocked the NIC-evoked (IC50 congruent to 1 microM and 0.3 microM, respectively), but not the high [K+]o-evoked [Ca2+]i accumulation. The KCl-induced response was inhibited by verapamil and diltiazem (IC50 = 1.4 and 10.9 microM, respectively). Tetrodotoxin (3 microM) and tetraethylammonium (10 microM) had no effect on [Ca2+]i accumulation induced by either agent. Increases in [Ca2+]i could be evoked sequentially by NIC and KCl in the same cells suggesting independent mechanisms of Ca2+ entry. In a Ca2+-free medium, no response to either KCl or NIC was observed. However, when Ca2+ ions were restored, [Ca2+]i accumulation was enhanced to the same extent as cells suspended in a Ca2+-containing buffer. Long-term (18 hr) pretreatment of SK-N-SH cells with pertussis (100 ng/ml) or cholera toxins (10 nM) had no effect on NIC or KCl-induced [Ca2+]i accumulation. Together, these data demonstrate the presence of NIC receptors and voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels on SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, through which [Ca2+]i may be modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Noronha-Blob
- NOVA Pharmaceutical Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Wada A, Uezono Y, Arita M, Tsuji K, Yanagihara N, Kobayashi H, Izumi F. High-affinity and selectivity of neosurugatoxin for the inhibition of 22Na influx via nicotinic receptor-ion channel in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells: comparative study with histrionicotoxin. Neuroscience 1989; 33:333-9. [PMID: 2622530 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(89)90213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells, neosurugatoxin and histrionicotoxin inhibited carbachol-induced influx of 22Na, 45Ca and secretion of catecholamines with IC50 of 27 nM and 3 microM, respectively. The inhibitory effects of neosurugatoxin were reversed by the increased concentrations of carbachol, whereas those of histrionicotoxin were not. Histrionicotoxin at concentrations higher than 10 microM also reduced veratridine-induced influx of 22Na, 45Ca and secretion of catecholamines, while neosurugatoxin had no effects. High K-induced 45Ca influx and catecholamine secretion were not altered by either neosurugatoxin or histrionicotoxin. The present findings suggest (1) neosurugatoxin competitively inhibits nicotinic receptor-ion channel complex at nanomolar concentrations, but has no effects on voltage-dependent Na channel and voltage-dependent Ca channel; (2) histrionicotoxin at micromolar concentrations non-competitively suppresses nicotinic receptor-ion channel complex. Higher concentrations of histrionicotoxin also interferes with voltage-dependent Na channel, but has no effect on voltage-dependent Ca channel; (3) neosurugatoxin, due to its high-affinity and selectivity, may be a useful probe for studying nicotinic receptors in nervous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
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