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Liu S, Tang MH, Cheng JS. Fermentation optimization of surfactin production of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HM618. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:38-50. [PMID: 35201642 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work isolated a strain named Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HM618 from the soil, which can inhibit the growths of Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Escherichia coli DH5α. Based on the results of response surface methodology, the surfactin levels of strain HM618 were elevated from 0.724 to 1.876 g/L and 0.995 to 1.888 g/L under the pure culture with the optimized medium (containing 62.39 g/L sucrose, 15.06 g/L yeast extracts, and 3.27 g/L aspartate) and under the coculture of strains HM618 and Bacillus subtilis 168 with the optimized medium (containing 50.52 g/L sucrose, 19.76 g/L yeast extracts, and 1.02 g/L glutamate), respectively. Additionally, influences of nonconstitutive amino acids involved in the biosynthesis of surfactin were also explored. The highest surfactin level reached 2.04 g/L after adding 3.0 g/L exogenous ornithine. However, the surfactin production of strain HM618 was significantly inhibited after adding the mixtures of nonconstitutive amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Hui Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Sheng Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Kaspar F, Neubauer P, Gimpel M. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Bacillus subtilis: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2038-2053. [PMID: 31287310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is widely underappreciated for its inherent biosynthetic potential. This report comprehensively summarizes the known bioactive secondary metabolites from B. subtilis and highlights potential applications as plant pathogen control agents, drugs, and biosurfactants. B. subtilis is well known for the production of cyclic lipopeptides exhibiting strong surfactant and antimicrobial activities, such as surfactins, iturins, and fengycins. Several polyketide-derived macrolides as well as nonribosomal peptides, dihydroisocoumarins, and linear lipopeptides with antimicrobial properties have been reported, demonstrating the biosynthetic arsenal of this bacterium. Promising efforts toward the application of B. subtilis strains and their natural products in areas of agriculture and medicine are underway. However, industrial-scale availability of these compounds is currently limited by low fermentation yields and challenging accessibility via synthesis, necessitating the development of genetically engineered strains and optimized cultivation processes. We hope that this review will attract renewed interest in this often-overlooked bacterium and its impressive biosynthetic skill set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kaspar
- Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin , Ackerstraße 76 , 13355 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin , Ackerstraße 76 , 13355 Berlin , Germany
| | - Matthias Gimpel
- Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin , Ackerstraße 76 , 13355 Berlin , Germany
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Crane J, Frodyma M, Bergstrom G. Nutrient-induced spore germination of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
biocontrol agent on wheat spikes. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:1572-83. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Crane
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | | | - G.C. Bergstrom
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
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Mandal SM, Sharma S, Pinnaka AK, Kumari A, Korpole S. Isolation and characterization of diverse antimicrobial lipopeptides produced by Citrobacter and Enterobacter. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:152. [PMID: 23834699 PMCID: PMC3716907 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing multidrug-resistance in bacteria resulted in a greater need to find alternative antimicrobial substances that can be used for clinical applications or preservation of food and dairy products. Research on antimicrobial peptides including lipopeptides exhibiting both narrow and broad spectrum inhibition activities is increasing in the recent past. Therefore, the present study was aimed at isolation and characterization of antimicrobial lipopeptide producing bacterial strains from fecal contaminated soil sample. RESULTS The phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of all isolates identified them as different species of Gram-negative genera Citrobacter and Enterobacter. They exhibited common phenotypic traits like citrate utilization, oxidase negative and facultative anaerobic growth. The HPLC analysis of solvent extracts obtained from cell free fermented broth revealed the presence of multiple antimicrobial lipopeptides. The comprehensive mass spectral analysis (MALDI-TOF MS and GC-MS) of HPLC purified fractions of different isolates revealed that the lipopeptides varied in their molecular weight between (m/z) 607.21 to 1536.16 Da. Isomers of mass ion m/z 984/985 Da was produced by all strains. The 1495 Da lipopeptides produced by strains S-3 and S-11 were fengycin analogues and most active against all strains. While amino acid analysis of lipopeptides suggested most of them had similar composition as in iturins, fengycins, kurstakins and surfactins, differences in their β-hydroxy fatty acid content proposed them to be isoforms of these lipopeptides. CONCLUSION Although antimicrobial producing strains can be used as biocontrol agents in food preservation, strains with ability to produce multiple antimicrobial lipopeptides have potential applications in biotechnology sectors such as pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. This is the first report on antibacterial lipopeptides production by strains of Citrobacter and Enterobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi M Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Shalley Sharma
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pinnaka
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Annu Kumari
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Suresh Korpole
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
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Characteristics of crude oil biodegradation by biosurfactant-producing bacterium Bacillus subtilis JK-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-012-3269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Slivinski CT, Mallmann E, de Araújo JM, Mitchell DA, Krieger N. Production of surfactin by Bacillus pumilus UFPEDA 448 in solid-state fermentation using a medium based on okara with sugarcane bagasse as a bulking agent. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Petrovski S, Dyson ZA, Quill ES, McIlroy SJ, Tillett D, Seviour RJ. An examination of the mechanisms for stable foam formation in activated sludge systems. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:2146-2154. [PMID: 21239035 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Screening pure cultures of 65 mycolic acid producing bacteria (Mycolata) isolated mainly from activated sludge with a laboratory based foaming test revealed that not all foamed under the conditions used. However, for most, the data were generally consistent with the flotation theory as an explanation for foaming. Thus a stable foam required three components, air bubbles, surfactants and hydrophobic cells. With non-hydrophobic cells, an unstable foam was generated, and in the absence of surfactants, cells formed a greasy surface scum. Addition of surfactant converted a scumming population into one forming a stable foam. The ability to generate a foam depended on a threshold cell number, which varied between individual isolates and reduced markedly in the presence of surfactant. Consequently, the concept of a universal threshold applicable to all foaming Mycolata is not supported by these data. The role of surfactants in foaming is poorly understood, but evidence is presented for the first time that surfactin synthesised by Bacillus subtilis may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Petrovski
- Biotechnology Research Centre, La Trobe University, PO Box 199, Bendigo, Victoria 3552, Australia.
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Thavasi R, Subramanyam Nambaru VRM, Jayalakshmi S, Balasubramanian T, Banat IM. Biosurfactant Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Renewable Resources. Indian J Microbiol 2011; 51:30-6. [PMID: 22282625 PMCID: PMC3209860 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with production and characterization of biosurfactant from renewable resources by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biosurfactant production was carried out in 3L fermentor using waste motor lubricant oil and peanut oil cake. Maximum biomass (11.6 mg/ml) and biosurfactant production (8.6 mg/ml) occurred with peanut oil cake at 120 and 132 h respectively. Characterization of the biosurfactant revealed that, it is a lipopeptide with chemical composition of protein (50.2%) and lipid (49.8%). The biosurfactant (1 mg/ml) was able to emulsify waste motor lubricant oil, crude oil, peanut oil, kerosene, diesel, xylene, naphthalene and anthracene, comparatively the emulsification activity was higher than the activity found with Triton X-100 (1 mg/ml). Results obtained in the present study showed the possibility of biosurfactant production using renewable, relatively inexpensive and easily available resources. Emulsification activity found with the biosurfactant against different hydrocarbons showed its possible application in bioremediation of environments polluted with various hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Thavasi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA
| | | | - S. Jayalakshmi
- CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 608 502 India
| | - T. Balasubramanian
- CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 608 502 India
| | - Ibrahim M. Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, UK
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Surfactin: biosynthesis, genetics and potential applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 672:316-23. [PMID: 20545293 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5979-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Even after forty years of its discovery by Arima et al, surfactin, a potent lipopeptide biosurfactant, still attracts attention and fancy of the applied microbiologists and biotechnologists worldwide, mainly due to its versatile bioactive properties and potential industrial implications. Starting from its first invented characteristic as an inhibitor of fibrin clot formation coupled with its significant ability to reduce surface tension of water, it has been credited with antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, insecticidal and antimycoplasma activities. These properties of therapeutic and commercial importance and its recent use as an enhanced oil recovery and a bioremediation agent make it a truly versatile biomolecule, the commercial potential of which could not be fully realized, particularly as a therapeutic agent, mainly because of its hemolytic property. This chapter thus addresses the issues related to the versatile nature of the most studied microbial surfactant, surfactin and its potential commercial and health-care applications.
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Gogotov IN, Miroshnikov AI. The influence of growth medium composition and physicochemical factors on biosurfactant production by the bacterium Bacillus licheniformis VKM B-511. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683809060027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Pornsunthorntawee O, Maksung S, Huayyai O, Rujiravanit R, Chavadej S. Biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa SP4 using sequencing batch reactors: effects of oil loading rate and cycle time. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:812-818. [PMID: 18672362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were used for biosurfactant production from Pseudomonasaeruginosa SP4, which was isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil in Thailand. Two identical lab-scale aerobic SBR units were operated at a constant temperature of 37 degrees C, and a mineral medium (MM) with palm oil was used as the culture medium. The effects of oil loading rate (OLR) and cycle time on the biosurfactant production were studied. The results indicated that the optimum conditions for the biosurfactant production were at an OLR of 2 kg/m(3)days and a cycle time of 2 days/cycle, which provided a surface tension reduction of 59%, a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 90%, and an oil removal of 97%. Under the optimum conditions, it was found that the biosurfactant production was maximized at an aeration time of 40 h. These preliminary results suggest that the SBR can potentially be adapted for biosurfactant production, and perhaps further developed, potentially for large-scale biosurfactant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orathai Pornsunthorntawee
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Isolation and characterization of a biosurfactant producing strain, Brevibacilis brevis HOB1. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:1597-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Liao H. A new application of biosurfactant for the preparation of polycaprolactone/layered silicate nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Thavasi R, Jayalakshmi S, Balasubramanian T, Banat IM. Production and characterization of a glycolipid biosurfactant from Bacillus megaterium using economically cheaper sources. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Nitschke M, Pastore GM. Production and properties of a surfactant obtained from Bacillus subtilis grown on cassava wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2006; 97:336-41. [PMID: 16171690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2003] [Revised: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The production and properties of a biosurfactant, synthesized by Bacillus subtilis LB5a strain, using cassava wastewater as substrate were investigated. The microorganism was able to grow and to produce surfactant on cassava waste, reducing the surface tension of medium to 26.6 mN/m and giving a crude surfactant concentration of 3.0 g/L after 48 h. The surface-active compound retained its properties during exposure to elevate temperatures (100 degrees C), high salinity (20% NaCl) and a wide range of pH values. The surfactant was capable of forming stable emulsions with various hydrocarbons. Preliminary chemical characterization revealed that the surfactant has a lipopeptide composition with a CMC value of about 33 mg/L. Cassava wastewater proved to be a suitable substrate for biosurfactant biosynthesis, providing not only bacterial growth and product accumulation but also a surfactant that has interesting and useful properties with potential for many industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Nitschke
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80 Cx. Postal 6121, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Wei YH, Wang LF, Changy JS, Kung SS. Identification of induced acidification in iron-enriched cultures of Bacillus subtilis during biosurfactant fermentation. J Biosci Bioeng 2003; 96:174-8. [PMID: 16233504 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(03)90121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2003] [Accepted: 04/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is able to synthesize a lipopeptide biosurfactant (known as surfactin), which is one of the most effective biosurfactants available. In our previous study, B. subtilis ATCC 21332 was used to produce surfactant and it was found that the addition of iron at an appropriate amount significantly improved the biosurfactant production. However, it also showed that excess addition of iron led to a sharp decrease in pH of the culture and surfactin in the broth disappeared rapidly once the pH fell below 5.0. This study reveals that the disappearance of surfactin at the acidic pH was due to the precipitation of surfactin triggered by the accumulation of extracellular acidic metabolites. The acidic material was isolated and purified from the broth and was characterized by GC-MS and IR spectroscopy. The results of GC-MS and IR analysis show that the molecular weight and molecular structure of the acidic metabolite resembled those of phthalic anhydride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Wei
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
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17
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Makkar RS, Cameotra SS. Effects of various nutritional supplements on biosurfactant production by a strain of Bacillus subtilis at 45°C. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-002-0199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Makkar RS, Cameotra SS. Synthesis of enhanced biosurfactant by Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2423 at 45°C by foam fractionation. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-001-0187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Feignier C, Besson F, Michel G. Characterization of iturin synthetase in the wild-type Bacillus subtilis strain producing iturin and in an iturin deficient mutant. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1996; 136:117-22. [PMID: 8869495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-enzyme system responsible for the biosynthesis of iturin, an antifungal lipopeptide of Bacillus subtilis, was partially purified by chromatography on different affigels. In the wild-type strain, two subunits of the iturin synthetase (ITs and ITagp) were characterized: ITs activated only L-Ser, one of the iturin amino acid components, and ITagp activated L-Asn, D-Asn, L-Gln and L-Pro, amino acids corresponding to a partial sequence of iturin. In an iturin deficient mutant, the activity of the ITagp subunit was modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Feignier
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Microbienne, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Ohno A, Ano T, Shoda M. Production of a lipopeptide antibiotic, surfactin, by recombinantBacillus subtilis in solid state fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 1995; 47:209-14. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260470212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yakimov MM, Timmis KN, Wray V, Fredrickson HL. Characterization of a new lipopeptide surfactant produced by thermotolerant and halotolerant subsurface Bacillus licheniformis BAS50. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:1706-13. [PMID: 7646007 PMCID: PMC167432 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.5.1706-1713.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain BAS50, isolated from a petroleum reservoir at a depth of 1,500 m and identified as Bacillus licheniformis, grew and produced a lipopeptide surfactant when cultured on a variety of substrates at salinities of up to 13% NaCl. Surfactant production occurred both aerobically and anaerobically and was optimal at 5% NaCl and temperatures between 35 and 45 degrees C. The biosurfactant, termed lichenysin A, was purified and chemically characterized. A tentative structure and composition for the surfactant are described. Lichenysin A is a mixture of lipopeptides, with the major components ranging in size from 1,006 to 1,034 Da. The lipid moiety contains a mixture of 14 linear and branched beta-hydroxy fatty acids ranging in size from C12 to C17. There are seven amino acids per molecule. The peptide moiety is composed of the following amino acids: glutamic acid as the N-terminal amino acid, asparagine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine as the C-terminal amino acid, at a ratio of 1.1:1.1:1.0:2.8:1.0, respectively. Purified lichenysin A decreases the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 28 mN/m and achieves the critical micelle concentration with as little as 12 mg/liter, characterizing the product as a powerful surface-active agent that compares favorably to others surfactants. The antibacterial activity of lichenysin A has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Yakimov
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany
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Huang CC, Ano T, Shoda M. Nucleotide sequence and characteristics of the gene, lpa-14, responsible for biosynthesis of the lipopeptide antibiotics iturin A and surfactin from Bacillus subtilis RB14. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(93)90238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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