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Veselova IA, Shekhovtsova TN. Optical Sensors on the Basis of a Polyelectrolyte Peroxidase–Chitosan Complex for the Determination of Biologically Active Compounds. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481901012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Mechaly A, Marx S, Levy O, Yitzhaki S, Fisher M. Highly Stable Lyophilized Homogeneous Bead-Based Immunoassays for On-Site Detection of Bio Warfare Agents from Complex Matrices. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6283-91. [PMID: 27253489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study shows the development of dry, highly stable immunoassays for the detection of bio warfare agents in complex matrices. Thermal stability was achieved by the lyophilization of the complete, homogeneous, bead-based immunoassay in a special stabilizing buffer, resulting in a ready-to-use, simple assay, which exhibited long shelf and high-temperature endurance (up to 1 week at 100 °C). The developed methodology was successfully implemented for the preservation of time-resolved fluorescence, Alexa-fluorophores, and horse radish peroxidase-based bead assays, enabling multiplexed detection. The multiplexed assay was successfully implemented for the detection of Bacillus anthracis, botulinum B, and tularemia in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adva Mechaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, IIBR , Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Sharon Marx
- Department of Infectious Diseases and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, IIBR , Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Orly Levy
- Department of Infectious Diseases and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, IIBR , Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shmuel Yitzhaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, IIBR , Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Morly Fisher
- Department of Infectious Diseases and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, IIBR , Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
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3
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Cummings CS, Murata H, Matyjaszewski K, Russell AJ. Polymer-Based Protein Engineering Enables Molecular Dissolution of Chymotrypsin in Acetonitrile. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:493-497. [PMID: 35607221 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While most effective in aqueous environments, enzymes are also able to catalyze reactions in essentially anhydrous organic media. Enzyme activity in organic solvents is limited as a result of inefficient substrate binding, lack of solubility, and inactivation by hydrophilic anhydrous solvents. With these facts in mind, atom transfer radical polymerization was used to synthesize chymotrypsin-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (CT-pDMAEMA) conjugates designed to be soluble and active in acetonitrile. CT-pDMAEMA solubility in organic solvents and the rate of CT-pDMAEMA-catalyzed transesterification in acetonitrile were examined at a range of water (0-15 M) and propanol (0.01-5 M) concentrations. The conjugates were soluble at the molecular scale in several organic solvents, exhibited good substrate binding with N-acetyl l-phenylalanine thiophenylester (KM as low as 17 mM), and had an activity (peak activity 330 μM/min/mg enzyme) many orders of magnitude higher than that of the insoluble native enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad S. Cummings
- Center
for Polymer-based Protein Engineering, ICES, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Scott Hall 4N201, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Center
for Polymer-based Protein Engineering, ICES, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center
for Polymer-based Protein Engineering, ICES, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alan J. Russell
- Center
for Polymer-based Protein Engineering, ICES, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Scott Hall 4N201, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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4
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Veselova I, Malinina L, Rodionov P, Shekhovtsova T. Properties and analytical applications of the self-assembled complex {peroxidase–chitosan}. Talanta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Riva S. Laccases: blue enzymes for green chemistry. Trends Biotechnol 2006; 24:219-26. [PMID: 16574262 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 732] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are oxidoreductases belonging to the multinuclear copper-containing oxidases; they catalyse the monoelectronic oxidation of substrates at the expense of molecular oxygen. Interest in these essentially "eco-friendly" enzymes--they work with air and produce water as the only by-product--has grown significantly in recent years: their uses span from the textile to the pulp and paper industries, and from food applications to bioremediation processes. Laccases also have uses in organic synthesis, where their typical substrates are phenols and amines, and the reaction products are dimers and oligomers derived from the coupling of reactive radical intermediates. Here, we provide a brief discussion of this interesting group of enzymes, increased knowledge of which will promote laccase-based industrial processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy.
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6
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Yahşi A, Sahin F, Demirel G, Tümtürk H. Binary immobilization of tyrosinase by using alginate gel beads and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2005; 36:253-8. [PMID: 16085306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Revised: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of the immobilized and the stable enzymes has immense potential in the enzymatic analysis of clinical, industrial and environmental samples. However, their widespread uses are limited due to the high cost of their production. In this study, binary immobilization of tyrosinase by using Ca-alginate and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [P(AAm-co-AA)] was investigated. Maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) were determined for the free and binary immobilized enzymes. The effects of pH, temperature, storage stability, reuse number and thermal stability on the free and immobilized tyrosinase were also examined. For the free and binary immobilized enzymes on Ca-alginate and P(AAm-co-AA), optimum pH was found to be 7 and 5, respectively. Optimum temperature of the free and immobilized enzymes was observed to be 30 and 35 degrees C, respectively. Reuse number, storage and thermal stability of the free tyrosinase were increased by a result of binary immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Yahşi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Vakurov A, Simpson CE, Daly CL, Gibson TD, Millner PA. Acetylcholinesterase-based biosensor electrodes for organophosphate pesticide detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 20:1118-25. [PMID: 15556357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Revised: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 03/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with the dialdehydes, glutaraldehyde and terephthaldicarboxaldehyde, and then polyethyleneimine have been utilized for production of pesticide biosensors based on acetylcholinesterase. To improve the extent of dialdehyde modification, the electrodes were NH2-derivatized, initially by electrochemical reduction of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium to a nitroaryl radical permitting attachment to the carbon surface. Subsequent reduction of the 4-nitrobenzene yields a 4-aminobenzene modified carbon surface. Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase was immobilized either covalently onto dialdehyde modified electrodes or non-covalently onto polyethyleneimine modified electrodes. Internal diffusion limitations due to the dialdehyde and polyethyleneimine modifications increased the apparent Km of the immobilized enzyme. The thiocholine sensitivity was about 90% for dialdehyde modified electrodes and about 10% for polyethyleneimine modified electrodes as compared with non-modified carbon electrodes. The detection limit of the biosensors produced by non-covalent immobilization of acetylcholinesterase onto polyethyleneimine modified carbon electrodes was found to be about 10(-10) M for the organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vakurov
- School of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Arıca M, Bayramoǧlu G, Bıçak N. Characterisation of tyrosinase immobilised onto spacer-arm attached glycidyl methacrylate-based reactive microbeads. Process Biochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2003.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Yakup Arıca M, Bayramoǧlu G. Reversible immobilization of tyrosinase onto polyethyleneimine-grafted and Cu(II) chelated poly(HEMA-co-GMA) reactive membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2003.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Characterization of polymer–enzyme complex as a novel biocatalyst for nonaqueous enzymology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(03)00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Durán N, Rosa MA, D’Annibale A, Gianfreda L. Applications of laccases and tyrosinases (phenoloxidases) immobilized on different supports: a review. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Sawada H, Hirata Y, Kawase T. Solubilization of cytochrome c in organic media with fluoroalkyl end-capped N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide oligomer: a new approach to fluorinated biocatalyst in organic media. Eur Polym J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(02)00020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Mine Y, Fukunaga K, Yoshimoto M, Nakao K, Sugimura Y. Modification of lipases with poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(oxyethylene) detergents and their catalytic activities in organic solvents. J Biosci Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Barros RJ, Wehtje E, Adlercreutz P. Enhancement of immobilized protease catalyzed dipeptide synthesis by the presence of insoluble protonated nucleophile. Enzyme Microb Technol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(98)00138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Murakami Y, Hirata A. Poly(ethylene glycol)-α-chymotrypsin complex catalytically active in anhydrous isooctane. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 88:441-3. [PMID: 16232642 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/1999] [Accepted: 07/12/1999] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic catalysis in predominantly organic media has undergone rapid expansions, particularly over the past decade. There are numerous potential advantages in employing enzymes in organic media. However, there are some crucial defects in the native enzyme-catalyzed biocatalyses, such as a decrease in their reaction rate due to diffusional limitations of substrates. To overcome these defects, enzymes modified chemically with polymers and physically with surfactants, which were soluble in organic solvents, were often used. However, they had inherent drawbacks. On the other hand, the enzymes modified physically with polymers were found to be soluble and catalytically active in organic media. To date, however, the effect of the amount of added polymers on the enzyme activity has not been clarified, even though this may be an important factor governing the activity of polymer-enzyme complexes in organic media. In this study, we obtained a complex of an enzyme and a hydrophilic polymer by lyophilizing an aqueous solution containing a polymer and an enzyme. We found that the polymer-enzyme complex was catalytically active in organic media even when the molar ratio of polymer/enzyme in its preparation stage was unity, and that the activity of the polymer-enzyme complex increased with an increase in the molar ratio of polymer/enzyme, reached the maximum activity (ca. 7200-fold higher than that of the native enzyme suspended in organic media) and then gradually decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Murakami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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16
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Virto C, Svensson I, Adlercreutz P, Mattiasson B. Catalytic activity of noncovalent complexes of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, NAD+ and polymers, dissolved or suspended in organic solvents. Biotechnol Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00129022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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