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Hidaka K, Hojo K, Fujioka S, Nukuzuma S, Tsuda Y. Oligomerization of neutral peptides derived from the JC virus agnoprotein through a cysteine residue. Amino Acids 2015; 47:2205-13. [PMID: 25981823 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The JC virus is the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The viral genome encodes a multifunctional protein known as agnoprotein which is essential for viral proliferation and reported to possess the oligomerization sequence. However, the structural relationship with the oligomerization is unclear. We synthesized 23 amino acid residue neutral peptides derived from the JC virus agnoprotein, Lys22 to Asp44. The secondary structures of these peptides were β-sheet in aqueous buffer that converted to a helical structure in a hydrophobic environment. These peptides interestingly formed dimers and oligomers under oxidizing conditions. The oligomerization was facilitated by addition of bismaleimides and the derivative without thiol group did not form such oligomers. These results suggest that Agno(22-44) could be transmembrane and one disulfide bond between Cys40 triggers the oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushi Hidaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan. .,Cooperative Research Center for Life Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan.
| | - Keiko Hojo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan.,Cooperative Research Center for Life Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan
| | - Shio Fujioka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan
| | - Souichi Nukuzuma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe, 650-0046, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan.,Cooperative Research Center for Life Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan
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Kovalitskaya YA, Navolotskaya EV. Nonopioid effect of β-endorphin. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:379-93. [PMID: 21585314 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911040018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the generalized literature data and the results of our own research of the nonopioid effect of β-endorphin, an opioid neuropeptide interacting not only with opioid but also with nonopioid (insensitive to the opioid antagonist naloxone) receptors. The roles of the hormone and its receptors in regulation of the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems are discussed. The effect of neuromediator on the immune system mediated by both opioid and nonopioid receptors is considered in detail. The data on distribution and function of the nonopioid β-endorphin receptor in human and animal organisms are presented. All available data on the characteristics of the nonopioid β-endorphin receptor obtained by means of radioligand analysis are given. The discussed information is supposed to extend our conceptions of the role of β-endorphin in mammals and to be of extensive use in medicine and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Kovalitskaya
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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