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Simultaneous lipase production and immobilization: morphology and physiology study of Penicillium simplicissimum in submerged and solid-state fermentation with polypropylene as an inert support. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 164:110173. [PMID: 36529062 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The influence of different carbon sources (glucose (G), olive oil (O), and a combination of both (GO)) in the physiology (biomass and lipase production) and morphology (light and environmental and scanning electron microscopy) of the fungus Penicillium simplicissimum by applying submerged (SmF) and solid-state (SSF) fermentations was investigated. The cultivation was carried out using polypropylene as hydrophobic inert support in SmF and SSF to understand better the influence of a support for the fungus growth and also provides the immobilization of lipases during its production. Micrographs show different morphologies: in SSF, the fungus grows on and inside the inert support independent of the media; in SmF, the formation of high-density spherical pellets obtained in medium GO leads to the best productivity and specific product yield Yp/x..Conidiation is observed mainly in SSF, a few in SmF with polypropylene as inert support and not in SmF, which may indicate a stress condition in SSF. Possibly, the morphology acquired by the fungus under stressful conditions may be the key to the higher biomass and lipase productivity at SSF. The developed process with simultaneous production and immobilization of lipase leads to a new promissory biocatalyst once it can be directly applied with no need for downstream processes.
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Li N, Zong MH. Lipases from the genus Penicillium: Production, purification, characterization and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Edwinoliver NG, Thirunavukarasu K, Naidu RB, Gowthaman MK, Kambe TN, Kamini NR. Scale up of a novel tri-substrate fermentation for enhanced production of Aspergillus niger lipase for tallow hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:6791-6796. [PMID: 20400303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel tri-substrate fermentation (TSF) process was developed for the production of lipase from Aspergillus niger MTCC 2594 using agro-industrial residues, wheat bran (WB), coconut oil cake (COC) and an agro-product, wheat rawa (WR). The lipase activity was 628.7+/-13 U/g dry substrate (U/gds) at 30 degrees C and 96 h and growth studies indicated that addition of WR significantly augmented the biomass and lipase production. Scale up of lipase production at 100g and 3 kg (3 x 1 kg) tray-level batch fermentation resulted in 96% and 83.0% of enzyme activities, respectively, at 72 h. Maximum activity of 745.7+/-11U/gds was obtained, when fermented substrate was extracted in buffer containing 1% (w/v) sodium chloride and 0.5% (w/v) Triton X-100. Furthermore, the direct application of fermented substrate for tallow hydrolysis makes the process economical for industrial production of biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Edwinoliver
- Department of Biotechnology, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
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4
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Solid-state fermentation for ‘whole-cell synthetic lipase’ production from Rhizopus chinensis and identification of the functional enzyme. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mala JGS, Edwinoliver NG, Kamini NR, Puvanakrishnan R. Mixed substrate solid state fermentation for production and extraction of lipase from Aspergillus niger MTCC 2594. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2007; 53:247-53. [PMID: 17878664 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.53.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A novel mixed substrate solid-state fermentation (SSF) process has been developed for Aspergillus niger MTCC 2594 using wheat bran (WB) and gingelly oil cake (GOC) and the results showed that addition of GOC to WB (WB : GOC, 3 : 1, w/w) increased the lipase activity by 36.0% and the activity was 384.3+/-4.5 U/g dry substrate at 30 degrees C and 72 h. Scale up of lipase production to 100 g and 1 kg tray-level batch fermentation resulted in 95.0% and 84.0% of enzyme activities respectively at 72 h. A three-stage multiple contact counter-current extraction yielded 97% enzyme recovery with a contact time of 60 min. However, extraction by simple percolation and plug-flow methods resulted in decreased enzyme recoveries. The mixed substrate SSF process has resulted in a significant increase in specific activity (58.9%) when compared to a submerged fermentation (SmF) system. Furthermore, an efficient process of extraction has been standardized with this process. Use of GOC along with WB as potential raw materials for enzyme production could be of great commercial significance. This is the first report on the production and extraction of lipase from Aspergillus niger using mixed solid substrates, WB and GOC, which are potential raw materials for the production of enzymes and other value-added products.
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Cammarota MC, Freire DMG. A review on hydrolytic enzymes in the treatment of wastewater with high oil and grease content. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2006; 97:2195-210. [PMID: 16621527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater from dairies and slaughterhouses contains high levels of fats and proteins that present low biodegradability. A large number of pretreatment systems are employed to remove oil and grease (O&G) to prevent a host of problems that may otherwise arise in the biological process, and reduce the efficiency of the treatment station. Problems caused by excessive O&G include a reduction in the cell-aqueous phase transfer rates, a sedimentation hindrance due to the development of filamentous microorganisms, development and flotation of sludge with poor activity, clogging and the emergence of unpleasant odors. Therefore the application of a pretreatment to hydrolyze and dissolve lipids may improve the biological degradation of fatty wastewaters, accelerating the process and improving time efficiency. However thus far, only a few studies describing the degradation of fats and oils by alkaline/acid/enzymatic hydrolysis have been reported; the treatment of effluents from several origins is a new and promising application for lipases. Among the strains that produce the hydrolytic enzymes studied, the fungus Penicillium restrictum is a particularly promising one. When cultivated in low-cost solid medium composed of agro-industrial waste, P. restrictum produces a pool of hydrolases capable of degrading the most complex organic compounds. This degradation enables a considerable increase in organic matter removal efficiency to be realized, which results in the attainment of a high-quality effluent in the subsequent biological treatment stage. Consequently, there is presently a wide variety of ongoing scientific investigation in the field of developing enzymatic hydrolysis processes to precede traditional biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Cammarota
- School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21945-970, Brazil.
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Nagy V, Tőke ER, Keong LC, Szatzker G, Ibrahim D, Omar IC, Szakács G, Poppe L. Kinetic resolutions with novel, highly enantioselective fungal lipases produced by solid state fermentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mitchell DA, Berovic M, Krieger N. Overview of solid state bioprocessing. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 2003; 8:183-225. [PMID: 12436920 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(02)08009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation has centuries of history, but it is only in the last two decades that there has been a concerted effort to understand the bioprocessing issues involved and to apply them to a wide range of new products. This article provides an overview of the knowledge of solid-state bioprocessing that has been gained over this time. It shows that, although significant advances have been achieved in understanding of what controls process performance, much research is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Mitchell
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19041, Curitiba 81531-990, Parana, Brazil.
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Aikat K, Bhattacharyya BC. Protease extraction in solid state fermentation of wheat bran by a local strain of Rhizopus oryzae and growth studies by the soft gel technique. Process Biochem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(99)00148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gombert AK, Pinto AL, Castilho LR, Freire DM. Lipase production by Penicillium restrictum in solid-state fermentation using babassu oil cake as substrate. Process Biochem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(99)00036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Suresh P, Chandrasekaran M. Impact of process parameters on chitinase production by an alkalophilic marine Beauveria bassiana in solid state fermentation. Process Biochem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kamini N, Mala J, Puvanakrishnan R. Lipase production from Aspergillus niger by solid-state fermentation using gingelly oil cake. Process Biochem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pokorny D, Cimerman A, Steiner W. Aspergillus niger lipases: induction, isolation and characterization of two lipases from a MZKI A116 strain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(96)00031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Benjamin S, Pandey A. Coconut cake - a potent substrate for the production of lipase byCandida rugosa in solid-state fermentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370170308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Larroche C, Gros JB. Special transformation processes using fungal spores and immobilized cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1997; 55:179-220. [PMID: 9017927 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although many microbial processes have been described which are able to produce interesting aroma compounds, the number of industrial applications are limited. Reasons for this are in most cases low final product yield, low biotransformation rates, substrates and/or end-products inhibition, toxicity towards the microorganisms themselves and difficulties of recovery from the bioreaction mixture. This means that the development of specific catalysts and processes is an important challenge for researchers in this field. This review presents two special kinds of catalysts, fungal spores and immobilized cells, with emphasis on their production and on their use in the production of aroma compounds. The production of fungal spores by solid state fermentation is described in greater detail. In the second part, this review also offers examples of development of three production processes, the production of methyl ketones of spores of Penicillium roquefortii, the hydroxylation of beta-ionone by immobilized Aspergillus niger cells, and the production of alkyl pyrazines by bacteria in liquid and solid media. For each of these processes, the analysis of limiting steps-biological and/or physico-chemical-is presented and the significant role of process conditions to increase aroma yield is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Larroche
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique Biologique, Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, France
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22
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Ustilago maydis lipase I. Hydrolysis and ester-synthesis activities of crude enzyme preparation. Enzyme Microb Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)00127-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Christen P, Angeles N, Corzo G, Farres A, Revah S. Microbial lipase production on a polymeric resin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00152451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Molecular forms of lipases and their localization in the fungus Rhizopus microsporus by immuno-electron microscopy. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1994; 10:367-73. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00144453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/1993] [Accepted: 11/15/1993] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Nigam P, Singh D. Solid-state (substrate) fermentation systems and their applications in biotechnology. J Basic Microbiol 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620340607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ortiz-Vázquez E, Granados-Baeza M, Riveramuñoz G. Effect of culture conditions on lipolytic enzyme production by Penicillium candidum in a solid state fermentation. Biotechnol Adv 1993; 11:409-16. [PMID: 14545665 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(93)90010-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipolytic enzymes were produced using wheat bran as substrate in a solid state fermentation with Penicillium candidum. The best production of lipolytic activity occurred at 29 degrees C. One hundred micromoles of free butyric acid (FBA) was released from tributyrin by 1 mL of cell free supernatant in the absence of control of environmental relative humidity. When a closed chamber saturated with water vapour was used the lipolytic activity increased to 320 micromoles of free butyric acid. The best initial reaction pH was 7.0. The highest activity, 480 micromoles of FBA, was obtained at a moisture content of 67.5 % of saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ortiz-Vázquez
- Area de Biotecnología y Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Technológico de Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Lin SF, Hu HM, Inukal T, Tsai YC. Production of novel oligosaccharide oxidase by wheat bran solid-state fermentation. Biotechnol Adv 1993; 11:417-27. [PMID: 14545666 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(93)90011-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A search for oxidases that catalyze the oxidation of oligosaccharides has resulted in the isolation of several soil-derived fungus strains which produced novel oligosaccharide oxidases with different substrate specificity on wheat bran solid culture. One of these oxidases produced by Acremonium strictum T1 strain has been characterized. This enzyme showed high reactivity toward maltose, lactose, cellobiose and maltooligosaccharides composed of up to seven glucose units, and was named as glucooligosaccharide oxidase based on its substrate specificity. Strain T1 was subjected to a strain improvement program, and an enzyme hyper-producing mutant strain T1-38 was selected. This mutant strain produced glucooligosaccharide oxidase 75 times higher than the wild type strain T1. When cultivated in a solid medium comprised of 1 part of wheat bran and 1 part of water (w/w), enzyme activity reached a maximum level of 6 units per g of culture medium after 4 days cultivation. Characteristics of the enzyme including the substrate specificity were compared with two other novel oligosaccharide oxidases isolated in this laboratory. Batch type conversion of lactose to lactobionic acid using crude enzyme was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Tatung Institute of Technology,Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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