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Garlapow ME, Everett LJ, Zhou S, Gearhart AW, Fay KA, Huang W, Morozova TV, Arya GH, Turlapati L, St Armour G, Hussain YN, McAdams SE, Fochler S, Mackay TFC. Genetic and Genomic Response to Selection for Food Consumption in Drosophila melanogaster. Behav Genet 2017; 47:227-243. [PMID: 27704301 PMCID: PMC5305434 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-016-9819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Food consumption is an essential component of animal fitness; however, excessive food intake in humans increases risk for many diseases. The roles of neuroendocrine feedback loops, food sensing modalities, and physiological state in regulating food intake are well understood, but not the genetic basis underlying variation in food consumption. Here, we applied ten generations of artificial selection for high and low food consumption in replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster. The phenotypic response to selection was highly asymmetric, with significant responses only for increased food consumption and minimal correlated responses in body mass and composition. We assessed the molecular correlates of selection responses by DNA and RNA sequencing of the selection lines. The high and low selection lines had variants with significantly divergent allele frequencies within or near 2081 genes and 3526 differentially expressed genes in one or both sexes. A total of 519 genes were both genetically divergent and differentially expressed between the divergent selection lines. We performed functional analyses of the effects of RNAi suppression of gene expression and induced mutations for 27 of these candidate genes that have human orthologs and the strongest statistical support, and confirmed that 25 (93 %) affected the mean and/or variance of food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Garlapow
- Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Logan J Everett
- Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- Initiative for Biological Complexity, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- Initiative for Biological Complexity, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Alexander W Gearhart
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Kairsten A Fay
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Wen Huang
- Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- Initiative for Biological Complexity, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Tatiana V Morozova
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Gunjan H Arya
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Lavanya Turlapati
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Genevieve St Armour
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Yasmeen N Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Sarah E McAdams
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Sophia Fochler
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Trudy F C Mackay
- Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
- Initiative for Biological Complexity, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
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Suhr CL, Schmidt JB, Treese ST, Satterlee DG. Short-term spatial memory responses in aged Japanese quail selected for divergent adrenocortical stress responsiveness. Poult Sci 2010; 89:633-42. [PMID: 20308394 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced glucocorticoids can dampen learning and spatial memory via neuronal damage to the hippocampus. Cognition losses can be transient (associated with acute stress episodes) or permanent as in aged individuals who show chronic glucocorticoid-induced accelerated brain aging and neurodegeneration (dementia). Thus, chronic versus acute stress effects on spatial memory responses of quail selected for reduced (low stress, LS) or exaggerated (high stress, HS) plasma corticosterone (B) response to brief restraint were assessed. Aged food-motivated male LS and HS quail were tested for 10 min in a feed-baited 8-arm radial arm maze (RAM) 1) at 255 d of age (quail who had experienced lifelong management stressors but who were otherwise never intentionally stressed; that is, chronically stressed birds), 2) on the next day post-acute stressor treatment (5 min of restraint), and 3) on the next day without treatment (acute stress recovery). The RAM tests used the win-shift procedure in which visited arms were not rebaited. Radial arm maze performance was measured by determination of the total number of arm choices made, the number of correct entries made into baited arms out of the first 8 choices, the time required to make a choice, and the number of pellets eaten. Line effects (P < 0.001 in all cases) were detected for total number of arm choices made (HS < LS), number of correct entries made into baited arms out of the first 8 choices (HS < LS), time required to make a choice (HS > LS), and number of pellets eaten (HS < LS). However, neither the effects of day of RAM testing nor its interaction with line further influenced these variables. Thus, although selection for divergent plasma B responsiveness to an acute stressor was found to be associated with severe impairment of spatial memory in aged male HS compared with LS quail, the observed spatial memory impairments (HS > LS) could not be further altered by acute stressor treatment. Line differences in cognition may reflect lifelong management-induced stress episodes that periodically produce higher plasma B responses in HS than LS quail, which underlie HS quail memory deficits, or other etiologies, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Suhr
- Applied Animal Biotechnology Laboratories, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Yang N, Dunnington EA, Siegel PB. Heterosis following long-term bidirectional selection for mating frequency in male Japanese quail. Poult Sci 1999; 78:1252-6. [PMID: 10515353 DOI: 10.1093/ps/78.9.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal crosses (sire line shown first and dam line second) among high (H) and low (L) selected lines and the randombred control line (C), which was the base population for the selected lines, were made after 40 generations of bidirectional selection for mating frequency of male Japanese quail. Significant heterosis for the selected trait was found only in crosses between Lines C and L, being 62 and 92% for LC and CL, respectively. Heterosis for percentage of maters was present in all crosses, ranging from 8% for HC and CH to 46% for HL. Three (HC, LH, and CL) of the six crosses had significant heterosis for both 4- and 8-wk BW. Heterosis for 4- and 8-wk BW was also significant for the HL and CH crosses, respectively. For area of the cloacal gland, heterosis was significant in five crosses. Although crosses tended to exhibit higher relative aggressiveness than their respective midparent means, heterosis for this trait was not significant. Reciprocal effects, although not important for most traits, were present for BW in crosses between Lines C and L and Lines H and C. In general, long-term selection for mating frequency of males changed the genetic basis of selected and correlated traits with considerable nonadditive genetic effects observed for most traits in specific crosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yang
- Animal and Poultry Sciences Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0306, USA
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Yang N, Dunnington EA, Siegel PB. Forty generations of bidirectional selection for mating frequency in male Japanese quail. Poult Sci 1998; 77:1469-77. [PMID: 9776052 DOI: 10.1093/ps/77.10.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A bidirectional replicated selection experiment for high (H1 and H2) or low (L1 and L2) cumulative number of complete matings (CNCM) in male Japanese quail was conducted for 40 generations. In the S32 generation, a subline was taken from each selected line and selection was relaxed. In the randombred control line (C), CNCM and unselected traits changed significantly over generations. Means of the selected lines were adjusted each generation for deviations from the control means. After 40 generations of selection, there was a 21-fold difference in CNCM (59.4 vs 2.8) between Lines H1 and L1. Whereas means increased and variation decreased in the high lines, means decreased and variation increased in the low lines. Regressions of mean CNCM on generation of Lines H1, H2, L1, and L2 were 1.15 +/- 0.08, 0.61 +/- 0.08, -0.26 +/- 0.04, and -0.34 +/- 0.03, respectively. Although responses to selection were observed throughout the 40 generations in Line H1, the low lines appeared to have reached a limit to selection after the S30 generation. Relaxed lines provided supporting evidence for this conclusion. Mean CNCM decreased in the relaxed high lines to that of the control, whereas the low relaxed lines remained at the same level as their corresponding selected lines. Line H2 went into extinction in the 37th generation as a result of reduced fitness. Realized heritabilities of CNCM were 0.09, 0.07, 0.06, and -0.15 in Lines H1, H2, L1, and L2, respectively. As correlated responses to the selection, male quail in the high lines were heavier, exhibited greater relative aggressiveness, and had larger cloacal glands than those of the control and low lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yang
- Animal and Poultry Sciences Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0306, USA
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