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Reed KA, Park H, Lee SG, Lee W, Lee SH, Bleau JM, Munden TNM, Covi JA. Embryos of an Antarctic zooplankton require anoxia for dormancy, are permeable to lipophilic chemicals, and reside in sediments containing PCBs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16258. [PMID: 30390015 PMCID: PMC6214904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zooplankton in Antarctic maritime lakes face challenges imposed by anthropogenic chemicals. Studies on temperate species suggest that lipophilic chemicals will accumulate in dormant embryos of Antarctic zooplankton and decrease hatching success, thereby threatening centuries of accumulated genetic diversity that would increase population resilience in the face of climate change. We evaluated the potential for lakes to act as sinks for legacy pollutants in the maritime Antarctic by testing sediments for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) previously identified in soil, flora and fauna of lake catchments. Direct tests of embryo permeability to chemicals are confounded by potential adhesion of chemicals to the embryo surface and limited biomass available. Therefore, in order to assess the potential for lipophilic chemicals to penetrate and passively accumulate in dormant embryos of Antarctic lacustrine zooplankton, we evaluated the effect of anoxia on post-diapause development in the calanoid copepod, Boeckella poppei, and then used chemical anoxia induced by rotenone as a reporter for permeability of these embryos to moderately lipophilic chemicals. The data presented demonstrate that embryos of B. poppei from Antarctic lake sediments will passively accumulate moderately lipophilic chemicals while lying dormant in anoxic sediments. Implications for legacy POPs in sediments of Antarctic maritime lakes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Reed
- The University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Department of Biology and Marine Biology, 601 S College rd., Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Hyun Park
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | - Sung Gu Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Lee
- Mine Reclamation Technology Center, Korea Mine Reclamation Corporation, Wonjusi, Gangwando, 26464, Korea
| | - Jason M Bleau
- The University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Department of Biology and Marine Biology, 601 S College rd., Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Taylor N M Munden
- The University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Department of Biology and Marine Biology, 601 S College rd., Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Joseph A Covi
- The University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Department of Biology and Marine Biology, 601 S College rd., Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA.
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MAKARIEVA AM, GORSHKOV VG, LI BL, CHOWN SL. Size- and temperature-independence of minimum life-supporting metabolic rates. Funct Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Effect of anaerobiosis and anhydrobiosis on the extent of glycolytic enzyme binding in Artermia embryos. J Comp Physiol B 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00346447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Clegg JS. Respiration of Artemia franciscana embryos after continuous anoxia over 1-year period. J Comp Physiol B 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00309664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Katz JN, Larson MG, Fossel AH, Liang MH. Validation of a surveillance case definition of carpal tunnel syndrome. Am J Public Health 1991; 81:189-93. [PMID: 1990856 PMCID: PMC1404953 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.81.2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has proposed a surveillance case definition for work-related carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The case definition requires the presence of median nerve symptoms; one or more occupational risk factors; and objective evidence of CTS including one of three physical examination findings or nerve conduction tests diagnostic of CTS. We evaluated the performance of the NIOSH case definition, restricting our analysis to cases in which physical examination findings served as the objective criterion. Nerve conduction studies were used as the gold standard. Seventy-eight workers were studied; 38 percent had CTS. The NIOSH case definition had sensitivity of 0.67 (95% CI = 0.57, 0.77), specificity of 0.58 (95% CI = 0.47, 0.69), and positive and negative predictive values of 0.50 (95% CI = 0.39, 0.61) and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.64, 0.84), respectively. Overall 38 percent of subjects were classified incorrectly. In a sample with a prevalence of 15 percent, as might be encountered in high risk workplaces, the positive predictive value would be 0.22. In conclusion, when physical examination findings serve as the objective criterion the performance of the case definition is modest reflecting the limited diagnostic value of its component tests and indicating that effective screening for CTS awaits improved diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Katz
- Arthritis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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Metabolic Dormancy in Aquatic Invertebrates. ADVANCES IN COMPARATIVE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-75900-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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