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Wang X, Wang L, Wu D, Yuan D, Ge H, Wu X. PbO 2 materials for electrochemical environmental engineering: A review on synthesis and applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158880. [PMID: 36130629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead dioxide (PbO2) materials have been widely employed in various fields such as batteries, electrochemical engineering, and more recently environmental engineering as anode materials, due to their unique physicochemical properties. Key performances of PbO2 electrodes, such as energy efficiency and space-time yield, are influenced by morphological as well as compositional factors. Micro-nano structure regulation and decoration of metal/non-metal on PbO2 is an outstanding technique to revamp its electrocatalytic activities and enhance environmental engineering efficiency. The aim of this review is to comprehensively summarize the recent research progress in the morphology control, the structure constructions, and the element doping of PbO2 materials, further with many environmental application cases evaluated. Concerning electrochemical environmental engineering, the lead dioxide employed in chemical oxygen demand detection, ozone generators, and wastewater treatment has been comprehensively reviewed. In addition, the future research perspectives, challenges and the opportunities on PbO2 materials for environmental applications are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Du Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hang Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Yin J, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Mai Y, Luan A, Xu B, Jin Q. A batch microfabrication of a microfluidic electrochemical sensor for rapid chemical oxygen demand measurement. Analyst 2021; 146:1956-1964. [PMID: 33496286 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02133d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is one of the key water quality parameters in environmental monitoring. However, fabricating a COD sensor with the characteristic of batch-processing and rapid measurement is always a challenging issue. This paper reports a microfluidic electrochemical sensor for the organic matter measurement based on advanced oxidization within a fixed microvolume detection chamber by a microfabrication technique/MEMS. By fabricating a silicon-based Ag/AgCl reference electrode and employing PbO2 as the working electrode with Pt as the counter electrode, we verified the superiority of the as-fabricated sensor by continuous potassium acid phthalate detection; an acceptable limit of detection (4.17 mg L-1-200 mg L-1), a low limit of detection (2.05 mg L-1), a desirable linearity (R2 = 0.982) and relative stability at different pH values and Cl- concentrations was witnessed. Particularly, a shorter detection time (2 s) was witnessed for the as-proposed sensor compared with traditional organic matter measurement methods. Each sensing process takes only 2 seconds for sensing because a micro-cavity with a volume of 2.5 μL was fabricated and used as a detection pool. Moreover, as the sensor was fabricated by a mass-production technique, potential response consistency of multiple sensors was expected and was verified via a series of parallel experiments. In this paper, a miniaturized (8 mm × 10 mm), low-cost and reliable COD sensor was designed and fabricated by MEMS, and it provided a core sensor component for construction of an online water environment monitoring network to meet the substantial demand for COD sensors in the Internet of Things (IOT) era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yin
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Earth-abundant oxygen evolution catalysts (OECs) with extended stability in acid can be constructed by embedding active sites within an acid-stable metal-oxide framework. Here, we report stable NiPbOx films that are able to perform oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis for extended periods of operation (>20 h) in acidic solutions of pH 2.5; conversely, native NiOx catalyst films dissolve immediately. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that PbO2 is unperturbed after addition of Ni and/or Fe into the lattice, which serves as an acid-stable, conductive framework for embedded OER active centers. The ability to perform OER in acid allows the mechanism of Fe doping on Ni catalysts to be further probed. Catalyst activity with Fe doping of oxidic Ni OEC under acid conditions, as compared to neutral or basic conditions, supports the contention that role of Fe3+ in enhancing catalytic activity in Ni oxide catalysts arises from its Lewis acid properties.
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Yang K, Xu J, Lin H, Xie R, Wang K, Lv S, Liao J, Liu X, Chen J, Yang Z. Developing a low-pressure and super stable electrochemical tubular reactive filter: Outstanding efficiency for wastewater purification. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Electrochemical fabrication and preliminary examination of modified lead dioxide bulk and analytical electrodes. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-013-1002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wen-Bin C, Yong-Qin W, Hou-Tian L, Wei-Fang Z. Effect of antimony on the reduction of anodic PbO2 film on Pb-Sb alloys in sulfuric acid solution. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.19960140208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tong SP, Ma CA, Feng H. A novel PbO2 electrode preparation and its application in organic degradation. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The influence of electrolyte media on the deposition/dissolution of lead dioxide on boron-doped diamond electrode – A surface morphologic study. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abaci S, Pekmez K, Yildiz A. The influence of nonstoichiometry on the electrocatalytic activity of PbO2 for oxygen evolution in acidic media. Electrochem commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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CASSIANO NM, RAMOS LA, CAPELATO MD. Dióxido de chumbo eletrodepositado sobre grafite como sensor potenciométrico à ions chumbo e sulfato. ECLÉTICA QUÍMICA 2001. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-46702001000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
No presente trabalho, foi desenvolvido um eletrodo de PbO2 eletrodepositado sobre grafite a partir do eletrólito metanosulfonato de chumbo-ácido metanosulfônico contendo o agente tensoativo brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio (BCTA). Foram avaliadas a resposta potenciométrica do eletrodo de PbO2 como sensor à íons Pb2+ e SO4(2-), em pH e força iônica constante. A aplicação deste eletrodo em titulações potenciométricas de precipitação em meio hidro-etanólico também foi investigada. Os resultados demonstraram que o eletrodo de PbO2 eletrodepositado pode ser utilizado como sensor potenciométrico alternativo à íons Pb(II) apresentando uma linearidade na faixa de concentração de 3,98x10-4 a 3,09x10-2 mol L-1 em meio de íons nitrato com limite de detecção de (4,98 ± 0,11)x10-4 mol L-1. Para íons sulfato o eletrodo de PbO2 não responde diretamente porém, estes íons podem ser dosados indiretamente por titulação potenciométrica com solução padrão de Pb(II), em meio ácido, em uma mistura 1:1 (v/v) de etanol-água, com boa definição dos volumes de equivalência. A repetitividade dos potenciais e dos volumes de equivalência obtidos em amostras de concentração milimolar em sulfato, indicam a viabilidade deste eletrodo na dosagem de íons sulfato.
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A kinetic study of the electroformation of PbO2 on Pb electrodes in sulphuric acid solutions. Electrochim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(96)00194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cai WB, Wan YQ, Liu HT, Zhou WF. A study of the reduction process of anodic PbO2 film on Pb in sulfuric acid solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(94)03866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Herron ME, Pletcher D, Walsh FC. A combined electrochemical and in-situ X-ray diffraction study of the cycling of well-defined lead dioxide layers on platinum. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(92)80350-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The influence of electrolyte media on the deposition-dissolution behaviour of lead dioxide on glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(91)85090-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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A study of the effect of deposition current density of the structure of electrodeposited α-PbO2. Electrochim Acta 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(89)80018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Campbell S, Peter L. Determination of the density of lead dioxide films by in situ laser interferometry. Electrochim Acta 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(87)85050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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