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Almoiqli M, Alharbi KN, Alnuwaiser MA, Yajizi G, Alshoshan S, Baduways W, Albeladi MI, Alsanea RS, Aljohani TA. Corrosion Behavior of Aluminium-Coated Cans. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1041. [PMID: 36770048 PMCID: PMC9921712 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of billions of aluminium-based cans are manufactured and used every year worldwide including those containing soft drinks. This study investigates and evaluates the performance and quality of two well-known energy and soft drinks brands, Green Cola and Red Bull. Recent health hazards and concerns have been associated with aluminium leakage and bisphenol A (BPA) dissociation from the can's internal protective coating. The cans were examined under four conditions, including coated and uncoated samples, the soft drink's main solution, and 0.1 M acetic acid solution. Electrochemical measurements such as potentiodynamic polarization and impedance spectroscopy (EIS), element analyses using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed. In addition, sample characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) were employed to comprehensively study and analyze the effect of corrosion on the samples. Even though the internal coating provided superior corrosion protection concerning main or acetic acid solutions, it failed to prevent aluminium from dissolving in the electrolyte. Green Cola's primary solution appears to be extremely corrosive, as the corrosion rate increased by approximately 333% relative to the acetic acid solution. Uncoated samples resulted in increases in the percentage of oxygen, the appearance of more corrosion spots, and decreases in crystallinity. The ICP-OES test detected dangerous levels of aluminium in the Green Cola solution, which increased significantly after increasing the conductivity of the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Almoiqli
- Nuclear Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid N. Alharbi
- Nuclear Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdallah Alnuwaiser
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaidaa Yajizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shoug Alshoshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wed Baduways
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muntathir I. Albeladi
- Materials Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed S. Alsanea
- Materials Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal A. Aljohani
- Materials Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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Peralta-Lopez D, Sotelo-Mazon O, Henao J, Porcayo-Calderon J, Valdez S, Salinas-Solano G, Martinez-Gomez L. Electrochemical Study of Three Stainless Steel Alloys and Titanium Metal in Cola Soft Drinks. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2017. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2017.8.4.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Siriangkhawut W, Khanhuathon Y, Chantiratikul P, Ponhong K, Grudpan K. A Green Sequential Injection Spectrophotometric Approach Using Natural Reagent Extracts from Heartwood of Ceasalpinia sappan Linn. for Determination of Aluminium. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:329-36. [PMID: 26960614 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach using a simple sequential injection spectrophotometric system with a non-synthetic reagent from plant extracts was proposed for a green analytical-chemistry methodology. The crude aqueous extracts from heartwood of Ceasalpinia sappan Linn. in acetate buffer pH 5.5 were utilized as an alternative natural reagent for the quantification of aluminium. The extracts contained homoisoflavonoid compounds, brazilin, and brazilein, which reacted with Al(3+) to form reddish complexes with the maximum absorption wavelength at 530 nm. The optimum conditions for the sequential injection parameters, such as sequential profile, sample and reagent volumes, and the pH effect, were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, a linear calibration graph in the range of 0.075 - 1.0 mg L(-1) Al(3+) was obtained with limits of detection and quantification of 0.021 and 0.072 mg L(-1) Al(3+), respectively. Relative standard deviations of 3.2 and 2.4% for 0.1 and 0.25 mg L(-1) Al(3+) (n = 11), respectively, and sampling rate of 128 injections h(-1) were achieved. The developed system was successfully applied to pharmaceutical preparations, water, and beverage samples. The results agreed well with those obtained from the ICP-AES method. Good recoveries between 87 and 104% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watsaka Siriangkhawut
- Creative Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University
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Khanhuathon Y, Siriangkhawut W, Chantiratikul P, Grudpan K. Spectrophotometric method for determination of aluminium content in water and beverage samples employing flow-batch sequential injection system. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lamberti M, Escher F. Aluminium Foil as a Food Packaging Material in Comparison with Other Materials. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/87559120701593830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Joshi S, Toma R, Medora N, O'Connor K. Detection of aluminium residue in sauces packaged in aluminium pouches. Food Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(03)00099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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