Crisis resolution, competence, and empowerment: A service model for women

The Disempowering Effects of Media Violence Against Women on College Women

This study investigated the disempowering effect of exposure to media violence against women on female students. An initial study involving 284 female students described the development and evaluation of two forms of a scale measuring disempowerment. The second study investigated the effect of media violence using a Solomon Four-Group experimental design. Fifty-seven female students were divided into four groups that were shown video clips depicting scenes of violence directed either toward female or male victims. Half the groups completed the first form of the disempowerment scale prior to the viewing. All groups completed the second form of the scale after the viewing. Analysis confirmed that completion of the pretest scale did not differentially affect the participants viewing the female-victim clips. The results of the main analysis revealed that exposure to media aggression against women heightens feelings of disempowerment in female viewers.

Empowerment support with adult female survivors of childhood incest: Part I--Theories and research

This report is concerned with the concept of empowerment support as a nursing intervention that facilitates the development of mastery, competence, self-worth, and control in the adult female survivor of childhood incest. Empowerment support has been derived from Orem's theory of nursing system. In that theory, empowerment support is encompassed in particular "methods of helping." Theories and research that relate to incest trauma and empowerment support are discussed from an interdisciplinary perspective.