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Heiz U, Röthlisberger U, Vayloyan A, Schumacher E. Metal-Metal Coordination Chemistry: Free Clusters of Group 12 Elements with Sodium. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Veljković FM, Djustebek JB, Veljković MV, Veličković SR, Perić-Grujić AA. Production and ionization energies of K(n)F (n = 2-6) clusters by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1761-1766. [PMID: 22777777 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The very small clusters of the type K(n)F are of particular importance since their first ionization energies (IEs) are lower than those of the alkali metal atoms. Theoretical calculation has demonstrated that this kind of cluster represents a potential 'building block' for cluster-assembly materials with unique structural, electronic, optical, magnetic, and thermodynamic properties. To date, however, there have been no experimental results on the IEs of K(n)F (n >2) clusters. METHOD K(n)F (n = 2-6) clusters were produced by the evaporation of a solid potassium fluoride salt using a modified thermal ionization source of modified design, and mass selected by a magnetic sector mass spectrometer where their IEs were determined. RESULTS Clusters K(n)F (n = 3-6) were detected for the first time. The order of the ion intensities was K(2)F(+)> > K(4)F(+)> > K(3)F(+)K(6)F(+)> K(5)F(+). The determined IEs were 3.99 ± 0.20 eV for K(2)F, 4.16 ± 0.20 eV for K(3)F, 4.27 ± 0.20 eV for K(4)F, 4.22 ± 0.20 eV for K(5)F, and 4.31 ± 0.20 eV for K(6)F. The IEs of K(n)F increase slightly with the increase in potassium atom number from 2 to 6. We also observed that the presence of a fluorine atom leads to increasing ionization energy of bare metal potassium clusters. CONCLUSIONS The modified thermal ionization source provides an efficient way of obtaining the fluorine-doped potassium clusters. These results also present experimental proof that K(n)F (n = 2-6) clusters belong to the group of 'superalkali' species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Veljković
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
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Experimental and theoretical investigations of ionization potentials and structures of mixed sodium lithium clusters. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Heiz U, Vayloyan A, Schumacher E. Metal−Metal Coordination Chemistry: Free Clusters of Group 11 Elements with Sodium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9609388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ueli Heiz
- Institut de Physique Expérimentale, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, University of Bern, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Vayloyan
- Institut de Physique Expérimentale, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, University of Bern, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Schumacher
- Institut de Physique Expérimentale, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, University of Bern, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
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Goerke A, Palm H, Schulz CP, Spiegelmann F, Hertel IV. Scattering experiments with sodium clusters: Differential cross sections and classical trajectory calculations. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.464394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vezin B, Dugourd P, Rayane D, Labastie P, Chevaleyre J, Broyer M. Ionization potenital measurements of hydrogenated lithium clusters. Chem Phys Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(93)80178-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dugourd P, Rayane D, Labastie P, Vezin B, Chevaleyre J, Broyer M. Measurements of lithium cluster ionization potentials. Chem Phys Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(92)85796-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Seidl M, Meiwes‐Broer K, Brack M. Finite‐size effects in ionization potentials and electron affinities of metal clusters. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Skala L. Interpolation formulae for describing size dependence of properties of finite systems and their use for clusters and biologically important molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(91)85276-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Singh PP, Dy KS. Evolution of bulk-like properties in mercury microclusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01437371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bréchignac C, Cahuzac P, Carlier F, de Frutos M, Leygnier J. Cohesive energies of K+n 5 J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mañanes A, Iñiguez MP, López MJ, Alonso JA. Atomic structure and segregation in alkali-metal heteroclusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:5000-5008. [PMID: 9996059 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Ray AK, Altekar SD. Ab initio many-body perturbation-theoretic study of small potassium clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:1444-1447. [PMID: 9995561 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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López MJ, Iñiguez MP, Alonso JA. Structure and energetics of Nan-xLix (n <= 21) clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:5636-5642. [PMID: 9994444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.5636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Bréchignac C, Cahuzac P, Carlier F, de Frutos M, Leygnier J. Alkali-metal clusters as prototypes of metal clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9908602525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Limberger HG, Martin TP. Photoionization spectra of cesium and cesium oxide clusters. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.455899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rayane D, Melinon P, Cabaud B, Hoareau A, Tribollet B, Broyer M. Electronic properties and fragmentation processes for singly and doubly charged indium clusters. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.455884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fantucci P, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Koutecký J. General properties of the electronic structure of alkali metal clusters and Ia-IIa mixed clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01426963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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AB-Initio Molecular Dynamics Studies of Microclusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0770-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Spiegelmann F, Pavolini D. Ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of small Nan, Na+n, Kn, and K+n clusters (n≤6) including core–valence interaction. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.455638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bréchignac C, Cahuzac P, Pflaum R, Roux JP. Adiabatic unimolecular dissociation of heterogeneous alkali clusters. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.453872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bonaic-Kouteck V, Fantucci P, Kouteck J. Systematic ab initio configuration-interaction study of alkali-metal clusters. II. Relation between electronic structure and geometry of small sodium clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:4369-4374. [PMID: 9945092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Bréchignac C, Cahuzac P, Roux J. Photodissociation of size‐selected K+n clusters. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.453944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rademann K, Kaiser B, Even U, Hensel F. Size dependence of the gradual transition to metallic properties in isolated mercury clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 59:2319-2321. [PMID: 10035512 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Pavolini D, Spiegelmann F. Ab initio ground state properties of neutral X2Y and ionic X2Y+ (X,Y=Li, Na, K) alkali trimers. J Chem Phys 1987. [DOI: 10.1063/1.453073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bréchignac C, Cahuzac P, Roux JP. Photoionization of potassium clusters: Neutral and ionic cluster stabilities. J Chem Phys 1987. [DOI: 10.1063/1.453621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Boustani I, Pewestorf W, Fantucci P, Bonaic-Kouteck V, Kouteck J. Systematic ab initio configuration-interaction study of alkali-metal clusters: Relation between electronic structure and geometry of small Li clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 35:9437-9450. [PMID: 9941368 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.9437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Kappes MM, Radi P, Sch�r M, Yeretzian C, Schumacher E. Shell closings and geometric structure effects. A systematic approach to the interpretation of abundance distributions observed in photoionisation mass spectra for alkali cluster beams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01384795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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