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Lee JT, Ko MJ, Kim HS, Park SW, Lee YS. Spinal Neurenteric Cyst of the Ventral Cervicothoracic Junction With Klippel-Feil Syndrome as a Symptom of Progressive Myelopathy: A Case Report. Korean J Neurotrauma 2024; 20:69-74. [PMID: 38576508 PMCID: PMC10990689 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2024.20.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurenteric cysts are rare and account for only 0.7%-1.3% of all spinal tumors. Spinal neurenteric cysts are associated with spina bifida, split-cord malformations, and Klippel-Feil syndrome, a rare congenital disorder characterized by fusion of two or more cervical vertebrae. Klippel-Feil syndrome is rarely accompanied by neurenteric cysts. In this case report, we describe a cervicothoracic junction neurenteric cyst associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome in a 30-year-old man who presented with a 2-month history of neck pain with radiation of pain into both arms and a 1-month history of weakness in the left arm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine revealed an expansive intradural extramedullary cystic lesion anterior to the spinal cord at the cervicothoracic junction. The neurenteric cyst was removed using an anterior approach, accompanied by C5-C6 corpectomy. The patient's condition improved postoperatively, and he was discharged after postoperative MRI. Spinal neurenteric cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases of vertebral developmental abnormalities concurrent with intraspinal cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Tae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Jin Ko
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Won Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Vadher A, Raval MR, Shah SD, Patel KG, Sharma K. A Rare Case of Isolated Intramedullary Spinal Cord Cysticercosis. Cureus 2021; 13:e14864. [PMID: 34113502 PMCID: PMC8184098 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic disease often involving the central nervous system by Taenia solium and is commonly seen in developing countries. The majority of these cases have either isolated brain involvement or combined involvement of the brain and spinal cord. Isolated involvement of the spinal cord is very rare. We report the case of a 20-year-old Indian man who was hospitalized for progressive weakness in all extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined, round, thick-walled, peripherally enhancing lesion in the intramedullary region, a provisional diagnosis of isolated cysticercosis of the intramedullary region of the spinal cord was made. The patient improved upon needle aspiration of the cystic lesion after surgery, which on post-surgical histological examination confirmed the diagnosis by showing the presence of cysticerci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suchi D Shah
- Internal Medicine, AMC Medical Education Trust Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | | | - Kamal Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, U N Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, IND
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3
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Haque M, Rahman A, Ahmed N, Alam S. Huge Ventral Cervicomedullary Neurenteric Cyst: A Rare Entity with Good Surgical Outcome and Appraisal. Asian J Neurosurg 2020; 15:1016-1019. [PMID: 33708680 PMCID: PMC7869265 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_351_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurenteric cysts are rare congenital lesions of benign nature that can be encountered at any level of the neuraxis, starting from the cranium down to coccyx. Rewarding outcome can be achieved with early diagnosis and complete removal of these benign lesions. Here, we report a case of a huge neurenteric cyst in an 11-year-old boy at the ventral craniocervical junction, a rarely reported entity with literature review. In this article, we focus on the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, radiological findings, surgery, and surgical outcome of this benign lesion, as we succeeded to have gratifying result following surgery in our instance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moududul Haque
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asifur Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmin Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsul Alam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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4
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Giant Craniospinal Intramedullary Neurenteric Cyst in Infant—Case Report and Review of Literature. World Neurosurg 2018; 118:126-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Aiyappan SK, Thirupathi Rajan VT, Harikrishnan V. A Rare Case of Isolated Conus Medullaris Neurenteric Cyst. Asian J Neurosurg 2017; 12:715-717. [PMID: 29114291 PMCID: PMC5652103 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_92_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal neurenteric cysts are very rare congenital anomalies and are commonly associated with other spinal malformations. They are usually located in intradural, extramedullary location. We report a rare case of intramedullary conus medullaris neurenteric cyst without any associated spinal malformation diagnosed preoperatively by magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kumar Aiyappan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Volga Harikrishnan
- Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Chen CT, Lee CY, Lee ST, Chang CN, Wei KC, Wu CT. Neurenteric cysts: risk factors and management of recurrence. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2016; 158:1325-31. [PMID: 27169426 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-016-2828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurenteric cysts are rare central nervous system lesions with excellent outcome after total excision. The authors report their experience in the management of these lesions, especially if recurrence occurs. Risk factors of recurrence were analyzed, which have never been reported according to the literature review. METHODS Twelve patients underwent surgical treatment for neurenteric cysts from April 1998 to July 2015. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, radiological, operative, and pathological findings for these patients. Correlations between clinical characteristics and recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS This series included six intracranial and six intraspinal cases. Total resection was achieved in 4 of the 12 cases and partial resection in 8. Six of the patients that underwent partial resection suffered from recurrence, and an additional operation was needed in five. Three of the recurrent intracranial lesions had refractory symptoms and were finally controlled through cyst-peritoneal or ventricle-peritoneal shunts. Risk factors of recurrence were revealed as age ≦30 years old (p = 0.02), subtotal resection in the first operation (p = 0.01), and size of supratentorial NECs >30 ml (p = 0.04). Two-thirds of recurrences occurred in the first 2 years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS NECs express high recurrence rates when total excision cannot be achieved. The preoperative diagnosis error plays a major role leading to an incorrect surgical strategy and recurrence. MRI with FLAIR and DWI is recommended to improve the preoperative diagnosis. Although timely reoperation is indicated for symptomatic recurrence, adhesion may cause reoperation to become more challenging. C-P or V-P shunts are suggested as the second-line treatment, resulting in excellent prognosis. Patients with mucin-secreting cells noted histologically are susceptible to recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University at Linko, 5 Fu-Shing Street, 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Yi Lee
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University at Linko, 5 Fu-Shing Street, 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Tseng Lee
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University at Linko, 5 Fu-Shing Street, 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Nen Chang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University at Linko, 5 Fu-Shing Street, 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University at Linko, 5 Fu-Shing Street, 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chieh-Tsai Wu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University at Linko, 5 Fu-Shing Street, 333, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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7
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Matsumoto H, Minami H, Tominaga S, Yamaura I, Yoshida Y, Yoshida K. Cerebellar Enterogenous Cyst with Atypical Appearance and Pathological Findings. World Neurosurg 2015; 86:510.e19-28. [PMID: 26485416 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial enterogenous cysts are rare and occur mainly in the posterior fossa. These cysts are usually extra-axial, midline, anterior to the brainstem, or at the cerebellopontine angle. Intracranial intra-axial enterogenous cysts are extremely rare. We report a case of an intra-axial cerebellar enterogenous cyst in which diagnosis was difficult because the lesion resembled an arachnoid cyst in appearance and showed atypical pathologic findings. CASE DESCRIPTION A 69-year-old woman had a 2-year history of progressive headache, giddiness, and unsteadiness of gait. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic lesion with isointensity to cerebrospinal fluid in the left cerebellar hemisphere, reaching into the fourth ventricle. The patient underwent fenestration of the cyst and creation of a communication between the fourth ventricle and cyst because the tight attachment of the cyst wall to the cerebellum prevented total removal of the cyst. Although pathologic examinations did not show findings typical of enterogenous cyst, the diagnosis was finally made based on the presence of basement membrane and immunohistochemical results. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of enterogenous cyst is based mainly on histologic findings, because characteristic findings on neuroimaging have not been defined. Although total resection of enterogenous cysts is recommended in general, partial resection while ensuring the cyst communicates adequately with the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid space with or without a shunt procedure may be useful if the cyst is adherent to surrounding neurovascular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroaki Minami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eisyokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shogo Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eisyokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ikuya Yamaura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eisyokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eisyokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eisyokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Yang T, Wu L, Fang J, Yang C, Deng X, Xu Y. Clinical presentation and surgical outcomes of intramedullary neurenteric cysts. J Neurosurg Spine 2015; 23:99-110. [PMID: 25909275 DOI: 10.3171/2014.11.spine14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
Intramedullary neurenteric cysts (NECs) are exceedingly rare lesions and have been previously reported in case reports. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical manifestations, radiological features, and long-term prognosis of patients with such lesions.
METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 13 patients with an intramedullary NEC. Each patient underwent MRI, laminotomy, and microsurgery. The accurate diagnosis was based on imaging and pathology findings. Each patient's follow-up status was determined through individual office visits and a structured telephone interview.
RESULTS
The series included 7 male and 6 female patients. Progressive or intermittent motor deficit was the main symptom associated with or without pain or sensory disturbance. Five cysts were located in the cervical cord, 1 in the cervicothoracic cord, 3 in the thoracic cord, and 4 in the conus medullaris. Concurrent malformations included scoliosis (3 cases), fusion of rib (1 case), enlarged spinal canal (1 case), tethered spinal cord (1 case), and ectocardia (1 case). Gross-total resection of the cyst was achieved in 8 cases, and subtotal resection (STR) was achieved in 5 cases. All patients were followed up, with a mean duration of 66.5 months. Cyst recurrence was observed in 4 cases after STR. In 2 cases the patients underwent reoperation; the other 2 patients remained clinically stable and did not undergo reoperation. At the last evaluation, neurological function was improved in 11 patients and remained stable in 2 patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Intramedullary NECs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a middle-aged patient with intermittent neurological symptoms and concurrent malformations. Early surgery is advocated to prevent permanent neurological deficits. When gross-total resection cannot be achieved, maximally safe removal under the protection of intraoperative neuromonitoring is advised. Because of the high risk of cyst recurrence, routine follow-up MRI is needed. If a residual cyst shows obvious regrowth and results in neurological deficits, timely reoperation with a goal of STR should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital; and
| | - Liang Wu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital; and
| | - Jingyi Fang
- 2Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital; and
| | - Xiaofeng Deng
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital; and
| | - Yulun Xu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital; and
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9
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Can A, Dos Santos Rubio EJ, Jasperse B, Verdijk RM, Harhangi BS. Spinal Neurenteric Cyst in Association with Klippel-Feil Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review. World Neurosurg 2015; 84:592.e9-14. [PMID: 25790871 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal neurenteric cysts, also known as endodermal or enterogenous cysts, are rare epithelium-lined structures of presumed endodermal origin. Congenital vertebral anomalies are frequently seen in patients with neurenteric cysts, most typically anterior spina bifida, butterfly vertebrae, and hemivertebrae. However, few series of intraspinal neurenteric cysts accompanied by Klippel-Feil syndrome have been reported previously. CASE DESCRIPTION Our purpose is to present the clinical, radiological, and histological results of a 29-year-old patient with a spinal neurenteric cyst associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome and to review previous reported cases of neurenteric cysts associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome. In our patient, cervical radiography demonstrated C5-T1 vertebral fusion and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large intradural cystic mass. The cystic lesion was removed successfully, and it was histopathologically diagnosed as a neurenteric cyst. CONCLUSION Neurenteric cysts should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of an intraspinal cystic mass seen in the setting of vertebral anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Can
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Bas Jasperse
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Sanjay Harhangi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Chaurasia RN, Mishra VN, Jaiswal S. Spinal cysticercosis: an unusual presentation. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-207966. [PMID: 25618884 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal intramedullary cysticercosis is an uncommon clinical condition that may mimic an intramedullary tumour and can lead to irreversible neurological deficits if untreated. We report a case of a 35-year-old man who clinically presented as Brown-Sequard syndrome, having thoracic cord cysticercosis at T11 level. MRI of the spine revealed a well-defined round intramedullary inflammatory lesion with scolex and perilesional oedema at D11 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Nath Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini Jaiswal
- Department of Radiology, Suvidha Diagnostic Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Al-Ahmed IH, Boughamoura M, Dirks P, Kulkarni AV, Rutka JT, Drake JM. Neurosurgical management of neurenteric cysts in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2013; 11:511-7. [PMID: 23452031 DOI: 10.3171/2013.1.peds1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Neurenteric cysts (NCs) are endothelium-lined structures of presumed endodermal origin. There have been few pediatric series of intracranial NCs reported previously. The authors present their experience in the management of these lesions. METHODS A retrospective chart review of all cases of NCs identified between 1977 and 2007 was carried out. Demographics, details of clinical presentation, surgical therapy, and outcome data were extracted. RESULTS Eleven cases were identified, involving 6 girls and 5 boys. The patients' average age was 4.6 years (range 1 day-14 years). Limb weakness was the most common presenting symptom. The location of the cysts was cervical in 2 cases, cervicothoracic in 4 cases, and thoracic in 3 cases. One cyst was anterior to the pons with extension to the left cerebellopontine angle and 1 cyst was at the craniocervical junction. Five patients had an apparently complete initial excision, with 1 recurrence. Four patients were initially treated with incomplete excision and/or cyst drainage, usually into an Ommaya reservoir. A neonate with a large cervicothoracic cyst died of multiple congenital anomalies without any intervention. All other patients were alive at last follow-up. One patient with a radiologically identified presumed cyst, which remained stable, was simply followed up. Several patients required multiple procedures and 1 patient developed hydrocephalus after aseptic meningitis and was treated with CSF shunting. CONCLUSIONS Neurenteric cysts are rare in the pediatric population. Total resection, if possible, provides the best long-term outcome. Incomplete excision may lead to multiple procedures, including cyst drainage, but can lead to long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Al-Ahmed
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Vachhani JA, Fassett DR. Intramedullary neurenteric cyst associated with a tethered spinal cord: Case report and literature review. Surg Neurol Int 2012; 3:80. [PMID: 22937480 PMCID: PMC3424674 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.98525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurenteric cysts are benign tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) that represent 0.3% to 0.5% of all spinal cord tumors. They are usually extramedullary and found in the lower cervical and thoracic spine. Only 12.2% of neurenteric cysts are documented to be intramedullary. Case Description: The authors report a case of a 35-year-old female that presented with progressive weakness and loss of coordination in her legs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intramedullary cystic lesion in the thoracolumbar region and a low-lying conus medullaris suggesting tethered cord. The patient was taken to the operating room for detethering of her spinal cord and resection of the lesion. Pathologic examination of the tissue confirmed the diagnosis of a neurenteric cyst. Conclusion: A search of the literature since the advent of MRI showed 29 published cases of intramedullary neurentic cysts. Of the 24 published cases with a follow-up MRI, the average recurrence rate was 25% with a mean follow up of 51 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Vachhani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Illinois Neurological Institute, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois
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13
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Jain N, Gutch M, Agrawal A, Khanna A. Quadriparalytic disseminated neurocysticercosis. BMJ Case Rep 2012; 2012:bcr.08.2011.4613. [PMID: 22787185 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.08.2011.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system. Cysticercosis infrequently affects the spine, but when it does, it can present with symptoms similar to other more common spinal diseases. Here, the authors report a case of disseminated cysticercosis, with simultaneous involvement of brain and the spinal cord. Initially, the patient was misdiagnosed as tuberculoma on the basis of cerebrospinal fluid examination and CT scan of brain and was being treated with antitubercular therapy. Later on the patient developed quadriparesis which was investigated and diagnosed to be disseminated neurocysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirdesh Jain
- Department of Internal medicine, Chattrapati Sahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, India
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14
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Gauden AJ, Khurana VG, Tsui AE, Kaye AH. Intracranial neuroenteric cysts: A concise review including an illustrative patient. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:352-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Qi B, Ge P, Yang H, Bi C, Li Y. Spinal intramedullary cysticercosis: a case report and literature review. Int J Med Sci 2011; 8:420-3. [PMID: 21814474 PMCID: PMC3149420 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis, involvement of the central nervous system by taenia solium, is one of the most common parasitic diseases of the CNS. However, spinal involvement by neurocysticercosis is uncommon. Here, we reported a 40-year-old woman with intramedullary cysticercosis in the thoracic spinal cord. MRI revealed two well-defined round intramedullary lesions at T4 and T5 vertebral levels, which were homogeneously hypointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI with peripheral edema. Since the patient had progressive neurological deficits, surgery was performed to decompress the spinal cord. Histopathology examination of the removed lesion proved it was intramedullary cysticercosis. In this report, we also discussed the principles of diagnosis and treatment of intramedullary cysticercosis in combination of literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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16
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Tucker A, Miyake H, Tsuji M, Ukita T, Ito S, Matsuda N, Ohmura T. Neurenteric cyst of the lower clivus. Neurosurgery 2010; 66:E224-5. [PMID: 20023530 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000361998.93841.c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurenteric cysts (NCs) typically arise as benign ventral intradural extramedullary developmental malformations of the spine which contain heterotopic epithelium resembling the intestinal or respiratory tracts. Intracerebral NCs are extremely rare, though the frequency of symptomatic reports and incidental findings is increasing, perhaps because of advances in neuroimaging. Recognition of the unique radiographic and histopathologic features of this entity is of growing importance in the treatment of cysts of the neural axis. We present an unusual case of an NC arising at the lower clivus. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 58-year-old man presented with occipitalgia, diplopia, a bilateral hearing deficit, and mild dysphagia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 5 x 2 x 3-cm extra-axial cystic midline mass anterior to the brainstem at the lower clivus with posterior cyst wall enhancement. INTERVENTION The patient underwent a left lateral suboccipital total macroscopic resection of the lesion. Microscopic examination and histopathologic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of NC. CONCLUSION We describe the clinical presentation, imaging, and histopathologic characteristics, and discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of this rare lesion and related pathologic entities. Because of the remote possibility of delayed recurrence, even in cases of apparent total cyst wall removal, long-term serial imaging and a consideration of reoperation for recurrences is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tucker
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nishinomiya Kyoritsu Neurosurgical Hospital, 12-1 Imazu Yamanaka-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8211, Japan. tucker @nk-hospital.or.jp
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Isolated spinal neurenteric cyst presenting as intramedullary calcified cystic mass on imaging studies: case report and review of literature. Neuroradiology 2009; 52:119-23. [PMID: 19946681 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-009-0624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intramedullary neurenteric cysts (NEC) without associated malformations are extremely rare and, to our knowledge, have never been reported in association with calcification. We report a unique imaging presentation as a partially calcified mass of an isolated intramedullary neuroenteric cyst of the lower thoracic spinal cord with pathologic correlation. The literature for isolated forms of intramedullary NEC since the advent of magnetic resonance imaging is also reviewed.
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Nagi S, Ghorbel D, Drissi C, Maatallah Y, Hammami N, Hamouda M. Intramedullary neurenteric cyst without concurrent malformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 51 Spec No.:B14-7. [PMID: 17875137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2007.01856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurenteric cysts (NECs) are dysraphic lesions. They are usually extramedullary, the intramedullary forms are very rare. To our knowledge, only 10 cases of isolated intramedullary NECs have been reported. We report a case of intramedullary NEC without any associated dysraphic lesion. The clinical findings were: cervical pain and left hemicorporal weakness which predominated at the upper limb. Neuroradiological evaluation was performed by means of MRI which revealed a cystic lesion at C3-C4 level. A partial excision was performed and the diagnosis of NEC was established by histological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Institut National de Neurologie, Tunis, Tunisia.
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19
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Sasani M, Ozer AF, Oktenoglu BT, Peker K, Bozkus MH, Sarioglu AC. Excision of an asymptomatic cervical intradural neurenteric cyst through the anterior approach: a study of two cases and a review of the literature. Spine J 2007; 7:720-7. [PMID: 17936690 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal neurenteric cysts are very rare lesions, especially after the second decade of life. They account for 0.3% to 0.5% of all spinal tumors and occur most commonly in ventral locations. The cysts are usually removed via a posterior approach. PURPOSE To present the clinical and radiologic results of patients with spinal neurenteric cysts who were treated via anterior approach procedures. STUDY DESIGN This report is composed of two cervical neurenteric cyst cases that are compared with published studies. METHODS We present two patients, 41- and 39-year-old women, each with a cervical intradural neurenteric cyst. Both of these patients had apparent neck pain without neurological deficit. MRI revealed neurenteric cysts located at C7 and C7-T1 levels. After anterior corpectomy, the intradural cysts were removed, and then fusion was performed. RESULTS The postoperative period went well. The follow-up cervical MRI studies were performed at 3, 6, and 18 months postoperatively, and there were no abnormalities found. CONCLUSIONS This study has led to the conclusion that although neurenteric cysts are rare in adults, they can still be present with only persistent neck pain and without neurological deficits. This may lead to misdiagnosis. The importance of MRI is not controversial in the early diagnosis. An anterior approach may be considered the first preference for surgical technique in patients with ventrally located neurenteric cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sasani
- Department of Neurosurgery, American Hospital, Guzelbahce Sk No 20, 34365, Istanbul, Turkey.
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20
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Menezes AH, Traynelis VC. Spinal Neurenteric Cysts in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Era. Neurosurgery 2006; 58:97-105; discussion 97-105. [PMID: 16385333 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000192160.79897.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Neurenteric cysts are derived from displaced entodermal tissue. They are infrequently found in the ventral spinal canal with varying degrees of success in their removal. Experience with 10 such individuals is critically analyzed to aid in the diagnosis and management.
METHODS:
Ten patients, ages 4 through 55 years, with neurenteric cysts were encountered in the last 20 years. This series included three females and seven males; seven children and three adults. The follow-up periods ranged from 3 to 18 years. Three cysts were located at the ventral cervicomedullary junction, five in the midventral cervical spine, and one thoracic and one lumbosacral. The symptoms reflected the location.
RESULTS:
Six of the 10 patients had associated bony abnormalities such as bifid clivus, hemivertebrae, segmentation failures at the site of the lesion, and blocked vertebra. The patient with the thoracic spinal lesion (age, 55 yr) had symptoms from early childhood. A diplomyelia at the site of the lesion was seen in one individual and tethered spinal cord in the same adult and in a young child. Two patients had undergone laminectomy for aspiration and partial resection before referral to our institution at the time of recurrence. Cervicomedullary junction lesions were approached via the far lateral transcondylar approach; two of the cervical intramedullary lesions were resected via a ventral corpectomy with radical resection and interbody fusion. The goal in each case was complete resection to avoid recurrences.
CONCLUSION:
Spinal neurenteric cysts are ventrally located, usually intradural and extramedullary, but may insinuate into the spinal cord. They are isointense on T1 images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images on magnetic resonance imaging without true enhancement. These lesions may be associated with block and hemivertebrae with a predisposition to the craniocervical region. Partial resections have led to recurrence and arachnoiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold H Menezes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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21
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Rotondo M, D'Avanzo R, Natale M, Pasqualetto L, Bocchetti A, Agozzino L, Scuotto A. Intramedullary neurenteric cysts of the spine. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg Spine 2005; 2:372-6. [PMID: 15796365 DOI: 10.3171/spi.2005.2.3.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neurenteric spinal cysts are infrequently occurring dysraphic lesions that are caused by persistent or abnormal communication among neuroectoderm, notochord, and endoderm. They are generally located at the intradural, extramedullary compartment of the low cervical or upper spinal canal. They occur primarily in infants and in young adults in combination with other congenital abnormalities. The authors report on three cases of lower-thoracic and thoracolumbar intramedullary neurenteric cysts that atypically presented in adult patients in whom there was no concomitant malformation. These lesions appear notable for location, clinical presentation, intraoperative findings, and imaging features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Rotondo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Sciences, Second Medical School of Naples, Italy.
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22
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Slowinski J, Stomal M, Zajecki W, Pieniazek J, Snietura M. Endodermal cyst of the cervical spinal cord with associated partial fusion of the vertebrae. Neuropathology 2004; 24:326-9. [PMID: 15641593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2004.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A case of a 43-year-old woman with an intradural endodermal cyst at the C4 spinal cord level is presented. The lesion manifested with progressive neck pain and weakness of lower extremities. The presumptive diagnosis of extramedullary benign cystic lesion was established after MRI examination. Coexisting partial fusion of the C5-C6 vertebral bodies was found on X-ray films. The patient was cured by resection of the cyst wall, performed by laminectomy. Pathological examination revealed a cyst wall lined with ciliated cuboidal cells, resembling the respiratory epithelium. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen expression in the lining of the cyst. Endodermal cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraspinal cystic lesions, especially those associated with vertebral anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Slowinski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland.
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23
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Darwish B, Stanley TV, Wickremesekera A, Bowkett B, Leadbitter M. Presacral neuroenteric fistula in a newborn presenting with an epidural abscess: case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics 2004; 114:e527-31. [PMID: 15466082 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2003-0496-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a newborn infant (<24 hours of age) who presented with mild swelling on the back and buttocks attributable to a neuroenteric fistula complicated by an epidural parasacral abscess infected with mixed coliforms. Epidural abscesses in infancy are extremely rare, and one has not been observed previously in the newborn period. The infant was surprisingly mildly affected. Prompt intervention led to an excellent outcome. Coliforms may colonize the infant gut in <24 hours, even in the developed world. Unexplained swellings on the backs of infants should lead to a search for underlying malformations and an early surgical review, which is best conducted with a combined pediatric surgical and neurosurgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balsam Darwish
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box 7343, Wellington, New Zealand
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Laidlaw JD. Iso-intense neuroenteric cyst in the lower cervical spine treated with ventral resection and anterior fusion utilising sternal notch exposure: case report, technical note and literature review. J Clin Neurosci 2003; 10:606-12. [PMID: 12948469 DOI: 10.1016/s0967-5868(03)00198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 36-year-old female patient with a long-standing asymptomatic lower thoracic scoliosis presented with sensory symptoms involving all limbs. MRI scan demonstrated a rounded ventral intradural mass causing major deformity of the cervical cord at C6 and C7 levels. Unlike most previously reported neurenteric cysts, the MRI signal characteristics of this mass were such that it could not be determined if it is cystic or solid, being iso-intense on T1- and hyperintense T2-weighted images. Resection was performed through a median corporectomy of C6 and C7, the lesion being found to be a neurenteric cyst with an attachment to the anterior median fissure of the cord. Strut graft and cervical locking plate fixation from C5 to C6 was facilitated by extending the cervical incision into the sternal notch, with detachment of left-sided strap muscle insertion. The patient made an excellent recovery with complete resolution of neurological symptoms and solid fusion. The postoperative course was complicated by an anterior cervical CSF collection which resolved spontaneously within 2 months. The literature regarding this rare condition and its management is reviewed. Although the majority of intraspinal neurenteric cysts are situated ventral to the cord, most reports of excision have been from a dorsal approach. Drainage and subtotal excision of neurenteric cysts have been previously advocated; however, the recurrence rate is such that complete excision is advocated. This is facilitated by a ventral approach. A simplified method of utilising the sternal notch exposure is reported. The literature regarding the anatomical peculiarities pertinent to the sternal notch approach, and the reported literature regarding spinal neurenteric cysts is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Laidlaw
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
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25
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Paolini S, Ciappetta P, Domenicucci M, Guiducci A. Intramedullary neurenteric cyst with a false mural nodule: case report. Neurosurgery 2003; 52:243-5; discussion 246. [PMID: 12493126 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200301000-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2002] [Accepted: 09/06/2002] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Spinal neurenteric cysts are rare congenital lesions that may occur either alone or in the context of a complex malformative disorder including typical vertebral and cutaneous abnormalities. The interest of the case of a spinal neurenteric cyst described here lies in its rare intramedullary location and in the false mural nodule image on the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan. A further distinctive feature is the association with a cleft spinal cord. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 28-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of progressive paraparesis and urinary retention. A magnetic resonance imaging study disclosed a T8-T9 intramedullary cystic lesion with a mural nodulelike formation on the posterior face. INTERVENTION A posterior midline myelotomy exposed a cystic lesion that had translucent walls and contained a milky fluid. No mural nodules were found. Once the cyst had been emptied, a collateral finding was a cleft that was clearly observed in the anterior spinal cord. The histological diagnosis was a neurenteric cyst. Retrospectively, the nodular lesion found on the preoperative scan was attributed to mucinous clots deposited at the bottom of the cyst. CONCLUSION This case report demonstrates that neurenteric cysts can vary widely in radiological appearance, depending on the contents of the cyst. These differences become especially important if the associated stigmata are lacking and the preoperative diagnosis rests on magnetic resonance imaging scan appearance alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Paolini
- Department of Neurological Sciences and Neurosurgery, Ospedale Santa Maria, Terni, Italy.
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26
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Paolini S, Ciappetta P, Domenicucci M, Guiducci A. Intramedullary Neurenteric Cyst with a False Mural Nodule: Case Report. Neurosurgery 2003. [DOI: 10.1227/00006123-200301000-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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27
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Lippman CR, Arginteanu M, Purohit D, Naidich TP, Camins MB. Intramedullary neurenteric cysts of the spine. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 2001; 94:305-9. [PMID: 11302637 DOI: 10.3171/spi.2001.94.2.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This case of a 68-year-old woman with a low-thoracic intramedullary neurenteric cyst is notable for clinical presentation, cyst location, intraoperative findings, and imaging characteristics. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by neurological deterioration and a neuropathic pain syndrome. Potential causes of these complications are discussed, as are possible ways to reduce the risk of their occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Lippman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA.
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