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Gerrits L, Bakker B, Hendriks LD, Engels S, Hammink R, Kouwer PHJ. Tailoring of Physical Properties in Macroporous Poly(isocyanopeptide) Cryogels. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3464-3474. [PMID: 38743442 PMCID: PMC11170948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, synthetic hydrogels have proven remarkably useful as cell culture matrixes to elucidate the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on cell behavior. Yet, their lack of interconnected macropores undermines the widespread use of hydrogels in biomedical applications. To overcome this limitation, cryogels, a class of macroporous hydrogels, are rapidly emerging. Here, we introduce a new, highly elastic, and tunable synthetic cryogel, based on poly(isocyanopeptides) (PIC). Introduction of methacrylate groups on PIC facilitated cryopolymerization through free-radical polymerization and afforded cryogels with an interconnected macroporous structure. We investigated which cryogelation parameters can be used to tune the architectural and mechanical properties of the PIC cryogels by systematically altering cryopolymerization temperature, polymer concentration, and polymer molecular weight. We show that for decreasing cryopolymerization temperatures, there is a correlation between cryogel pore size and stiffness. More importantly, we demonstrate that by simply varying the polymer concentration, we can selectively tune the compressive strength of PIC cryogels without affecting their architecture. This unique feature is highly useful for biomedical applications, as it facilitates decoupling of stiffness from other variables such as pore size. As such, PIC cryogels provide an interesting new biomaterial for scientists to unravel the role of the ECM in cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Gerrits
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Bram Bakker
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Lynn D. Hendriks
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Engels
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department
of Medical BioSciences,Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division
of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud
University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Paul H. J. Kouwer
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
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Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 55. Retrospective View on the More than 40 Years of Studies Performed in the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with Respect of the Cryostructuring Processes in Polymeric Systems. Gels 2020; 6:E29. [PMID: 32927850 PMCID: PMC7559272 DOI: 10.3390/gels6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of cryostructuring in polymeric systems, the techniques of the preparation of diverse cryogels and cryostructurates, the physico-chemical mechanisms of their formation, and the applied potential of these advanced polymer materials are all of high scientific and practical interest in many countries. This review article describes and discusses the results of more than 40 years of studies in this field performed by the researchers from the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences-one of the key centers, where such investigations are carried out. The review includes brief historical information, the description of the main effects and trends characteristic of the cryostructuring processes, the data on the morphological specifics inherent in the polymeric cryogels and cryostructurates, and examples of their implementation for solving certain applied tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Lozinsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 50. † Cryogels and Cryotropic Gel-Formation: Terms and Definitions. Gels 2018; 4:E77. [PMID: 30674853 PMCID: PMC6209254 DOI: 10.3390/gels4030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of cryogenically-structured polymeric materials are of significant scientific and applied interest in various areas. However, in spite of considerable attention to these materials and intensive elaboration of their new examples, as well as the impressive growth in the number of the publications and patents on this topic over the past two decades, a marked variability of the used terminology and definitions is frequently met with in the papers, reviews, theses, patents, conference presentations, advertising materials and so forth. Therefore, the aim of this brief communication is to specify the basic terms and definitions in the particular field of macromolecular science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Lozinsky
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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New E-beam-initiated hyaluronan acrylate cryogels support growth and matrix deposition by dermal fibroblasts. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:611-620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Chatterjee P, Dai A, Yu H, Jiang H, Dai LL. Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based hydrogels as a function of porosity and medium change. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prithwish Chatterjee
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287
| | - Annie Dai
- Harvard College, Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
| | - Hongyu Yu
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287
- School of Electrical; Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287
| | - Hanqing Jiang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287
| | - Lenore L. Dai
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287
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Henderson TM, Ladewig K, Haylock DN, McLean KM, O’Connor AJ. Formation and characterisation of a modifiable soft macro-porous hyaluronic acid cryogel platform. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:881-97. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1065597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Welzel PB, Friedrichs J, Grimmer M, Vogler S, Freudenberg U, Werner C. Cryogel micromechanics unraveled by atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1849-53. [PMID: 24729299 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-instructive physical characteristics of macroporous scaffolds, developed for tissue engineering applications, often remain difficult to assess. Here, an atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation approach is adapted to quantify the local mechanical properties of biohybrid glycosaminoglycan-poly(ethylene glycol) cryogels. Resulting from cryoconcentration effects upon gel formation, cryogel struts are observed to feature a higher stiffness compared to the corresponding bulk hydrogel materials. Local Young's moduli, porosity, and integral moduli of the cryogel scaffolds are compared in dependence on gel formation parameters. The results provide valuable insights into the cryogelation process and a base for adjusting physical characteristics of the obtained cryogel scaffolds, which can critically influence the cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra B. Welzel
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF); Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD); Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jens Friedrichs
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF); Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD); Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Milauscha Grimmer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF); Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD); Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Steffen Vogler
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF); Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD); Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF); Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD); Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF); Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD); Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
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Okay O, Lozinsky VI. Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships of Cryogels. POLYMERIC CRYOGELS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05846-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Komarova GA, Starodubtsev SG, Khokhlov AR. Specific features of the polyelectrolyte behavior of weakly charged cryogels of polyacrylamide and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x13060047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pfaunmiller EL, Paulemond ML, Dupper CM, Hage DS. Affinity monolith chromatography: a review of principles and recent analytical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:2133-45. [PMID: 23187827 PMCID: PMC3578177 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Affinity monolith chromatography (AMC) is a type of liquid chromatography that uses a monolithic support and a biologically related binding agent as a stationary phase. AMC is a powerful method for the selective separation, analysis, or study of specific target compounds in a sample. This review discusses the basic principles of AMC and recent developments and applications of this method, with particular emphasis being given to work that has appeared in the last 5 years. Various materials that have been used to prepare columns for AMC are examined, including organic monoliths, silica monoliths, agarose monoliths, and cryogels. These supports have been used in AMC for formats that have ranged from traditional columns to disks, microcolumns, and capillaries. Many binding agents have also been employed in AMC, such as antibodies, enzymes, proteins, lectins, immobilized metal ions, and dyes. Some applications that have been reported with these binding agents in AMC are bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography or immunoextraction, immobilized-metal-ion affinity chromatography, dye-ligand affinity chromatography, chiral separations, and biointeraction studies. Examples are presented from fields that include analytical chemistry, pharmaceutical analysis, clinical testing, and biotechnology. Current trends and possible directions in AMC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Courtney M. Dupper
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - David S. Hage
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
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Say R, Biçen Ö, Yılmaz F, Hür D, Öziç R, Denizli A, Ersöz A. Novel protein photocrosslinking and cryopolymerization method for cryogel-based antibacterial material synthesis. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Burova TV, Grinberg NV, Kalinina EV, Ivanov RV, Lozinsky VI, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Grinberg VY. Thermoresponsive Copolymer Cryogel Possessing Molecular Memory: Synthesis, Energetics of Collapse and Interaction with Ligands. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Polymeric cryogels as a new family of macroporous and supermacroporous materials for biotechnological purposes. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-008-0131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lozinsky VI, Damshkaln LG, Bloch KO, Vardi P, Grinberg NV, Burova TV, Grinberg VY. Cryostructuring of polymer systems. XXIX. Preparation and characterization of supermacroporous (spongy) agarose-based cryogels used as three-dimensional scaffolds for culturing insulin-producing cell aggregates. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ivanov RV, Lozinsky VI, Noh SK, Han SS, Lyoo WS. Preparation and characterization of polyacrylamide cryogels produced from a high-molecular-weight precursor. I. Influence of the reaction temperature and concentration of the crosslinking agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ivanov RV, Lozinsky VI, Noh SK, Lee YR, Han SS, Lyoo WS. Preparation and characterization of polyacrylamide cryogels produced from a high-molecular-weight precursor. II. The influence of the molecular weight of the polymeric precursor. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Microstructure and surface composition of corn starch cryogels with sorbed organic flavoring agents. Russ Chem Bull 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02494679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gusev DG, Lozinsky VI, Bakhmutov VI. Study of cryostructurization of polymer systems—X. 1H- and 2H-NMR studies of the formation of crosslinked polyacrylamide cryogels. Eur Polym J 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(93)90271-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The effect of crystallization of the dispersion phase in emulsions on the rate of interfacial reactions. Chem Phys Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(89)85209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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