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Zhang B, Bu L, Tian H, You Z, Zhao M, Tian J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Tan C, Cao Y, Feng D, Xi Z. Effects of Atractylodes lancea extracts on intestinal flora and serum metabolites in mice with intestinal dysbacteriosis. Proteome Sci 2023; 21:5. [PMID: 37061727 PMCID: PMC10105428 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-023-00204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the effect of an extract of Atractylodes lancea (A. lancea) on antibiotics-induced intestinal tract disorder and the probable therapeutic mechanisms employed by this extract to ameliorate these disorders. METHODS Three days after acclimatization, nine male and nine female specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice were randomly assigned into three groups: Group C (normal saline), Group M (antibiotic: cefradine + gentamicin), and Group T (antibiotic + A. lancea extract). Each mouse in Groups M and T received intragastric (i.g.) gavage antibiotics containing cefradine and gentamicin sulfate (0.02 ml/g-1/D-1) for 7 days. A. lancea extract (0.02 ml/g-1/D-1) was administered by i.g. gavage to Group T mice for 7 days following the cessation of antibiotic therapy. Group M received an equivalent volume of normal saline for 7 days, while Group C received an equivalent volume of normal saline for 14 days. Afterwards, we collected mouse feces to assess changes in intestinal microbiota by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing and metabolomics. In addition, serum samples were gathered and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LS-MS). Finally, we performed a correlation analysis between intestinal microbiota and metabolites. RESULTS After treatment with antibiotic, the richness and diversity of the flora, numbers of wall-breaking bacteria and Bacteroidetes, and the numbers of beneficial bacteria decreased, while the numbers of harmful bacteria increased. After i.g. administration of A. lancea extract, the imbalance of microbial flora began to recover. Antibiotics primarily influence the metabolism of lipids, steroids, peptides, organic acids, and carbohydrates, with lipid compounds ranking first. Arachidonic acid (AA), arginine, and proline have relatively strong effects on the metabolisms of antibiotic-stressed mice. Our findings revealed that A. lancea extract might restore the metabolism of AA and L-methionine. The content of differential metabolites detected in the serum of Group T mice was comparable to that in the serum of Group C mice, but significantly different from that of Group M mice. Compared to putative biomarkers in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, it was found that altered metabolites, such as amino acids, glycerol, and phospholipids, were primarily associated with the metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The effective mechanisms of A. lancea extract in regulating the disorder of intestinal flora in mice are related to the mechanisms of A. lancea. It could relate to lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. These results will provide a basis for further explaining the mechanism by which A. lancea regulats intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- BaiNian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Northwest Sichuan, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Lan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Northwest Sichuan, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Northwest Sichuan, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China.
| | - ZhangQiang You
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Northwest Sichuan, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - MingHai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Northwest Sichuan, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Northwest Sichuan, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - YuanYuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Northwest Sichuan, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Northwest Sichuan, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - ChengJia Tan
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Northwest Sichuan, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | | | - DaRen Feng
- Mianyang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - ZhenPeng Xi
- Beichuan Shennong Agriculture Technology Development Co.,Ltd, Mianyang, 621000, China
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Aoyama H, Kikuchi F, Mori W. Acute, massive, haemorrhagic adrenal necrosis experimentally produced by the Shwartzman mechanism in rabbits. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. A, PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 1987; 412:11-6. [PMID: 2825401 DOI: 10.1007/bf00750724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute and severe haemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal was produced experimentally in rabbits by means of intravenous injection of endotoxin after pretreatment by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration. The change occurred mainly in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, and its pathology was quite similar to that of the Shwartzman reaction. Numerous microthrombi were found in and around the lesion, but no marked changes were seen in other parts of the body. Heparin administration was very effective in preventing the necrosis. The pathogenesis of this lesion was postulated to be a univisceral Shwartzman mechanism in the adrenal. This seems to be a good experimental model for massive haemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal in man, for example in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, the pathogenesis of which has been assumed to involve intravascular clotting. It is suggested that hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex caused by ACTH administration could be a preparative condition for the Shwartzman reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aoyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The chemistry, mechanism of action, assay methods, pharmacology, and prevention and treatment of diarrhoea due to toxins of gram-negative microbes are discussed. Other virulence factors are mentioned briefly. Special emphasis is placed on non-specific treatment by oral rehydration.
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