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Laskowska M, Pastukh O, Fedorchuk A, Schabikowski M, Kowalczyk P, Zalasiński M, Laskowski Ł. Nanostructured Silica with Anchoring Units: The 2D Solid Solvent for Molecules and Metal Ions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8137. [PMID: 33143359 PMCID: PMC7663599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to organize, separate and manipulate individual molecules and ions on a surface opens up almost unlimited opportunities. However, it often requires complex techniques and a proper support material. With this in mind, we show a new concept of 2D solid solvents and review a simple and efficient procedure which is based on nanostructured forms of silica with anchoring units. We describe silica supports, such as spherical nanoparticles and mesoporous silica structures, as well as review the methods for chemical modification of the surface of silica with the functional groups. Finally, we present a few particular examples of the immobilization of molecules and ions on the surface of 2D solid solvents along with the experimental investigation of the obtained materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Laskowska
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (M.L.); (O.P.); (A.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Oleksandr Pastukh
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (M.L.); (O.P.); (A.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrii Fedorchuk
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (M.L.); (O.P.); (A.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Mateusz Schabikowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (M.L.); (O.P.); (A.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland;
| | - Marcin Zalasiński
- Department of Intelligent Computer Systems, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Laskowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (M.L.); (O.P.); (A.F.); (M.S.)
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Arz MI, Kratky T, Günther S, Rodewald K, Burger T, Heuberger M, Rieger B. Sequential immobilization of ansa-hafnocene complexes for propene polymerization. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nasuto R. The Influence of the Concentration of Cyclohexane Radicals Bonded with an Si100 Silica Gel Surface upon the Retention of Some Hydrocarbons in Gas Chromatography. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1260/0263617001493260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Four adsorbents based on silica gel Si100 with chemically bonded cyclohexane have been prepared as stationary phases for gas chromatography. The concentrations of cyclohexane radicals thus bonded with the silica gel surface were 1.35, 3.35, 4.17 and 6.02 μmol/m2, respectively. Separation of aliphatic (C6–C12), aromatic (benzene, toluene and m-xylene) and some polar organic compounds (chloroform, ethylene chloride, chlorobenzene, p-chlorotoluene and ethyl benzene) by gas chromatography using columns packed with the prepared adsorbents was studied. It was concluded that the retention of some compounds was increased on the column packed with an adsorbent of 1.35 μmol/m2 concentration relative to that measured on the column packed with the unmodified silica gel. On columns packed with adsorbents with a higher bonded phase concentration than 1.35 μmol/m2, the retention times of all the compounds studied chromatographically decreased with an increase in the bonded phase concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Nasuto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Nikonorov VV, Kazakov VA, Evsyutina TV. Synthesis of silica-based sulfonic cation-exchangers by the reaction of the addition of hydrosulfite ions to immobilized alkenes and their use in chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Biernat JF, Konieczka P, Tarbet BJ, Bradshaw JS, Izatt RM. Complexing and Chelating Agents Immobilized on Silica Gel and Related Materials and Their Application for Sorption of Inorganic Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/03602549408006624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tao
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Gary E. Maciel
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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Chapter 11 Comparison of novel stationary phases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Montes MC, van Amen C, Pesek JJ, Sandoval JE. Chromatographic evaluation of alkyl-bonded phases prepared through olefin hydrosilylation on a hydride-silica intermediate. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Belenkii BG, Podkladenko AM, Kurenbin OI, Mal'tsev VG, Nasledov DG, Trushin SA. Peculiarities of zone migration and band broadening in gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of proteins with respect to membrane chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1993; 645:1-15. [PMID: 8408410 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80613-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The peculiarities of zone migration and band broadening in the reversed-phase gradient HPLC of proteins were investigated. In the isocratic mode a critical composition of the mobile phase was found at which all proteins regardless of their molecular mass migrate with equal velocity and have a capacity factor equal to the phase ratio (VP/V0), i.e., the same capacity factor as a marker of total accessible volume would have in steric exclusion chromatography. It is shown that steric exclusion conditions are never achieved in gradient HPLC. In the first (adsorption stage) of gradient elution where the separation takes place the velocity of a protein increases until it becomes equal to the velocity of the desorbing solvent front at a critical distance X0 from column entrance. Strong broadening is characteristic of this stage. In the second (critical) stage the protein travels the remaining distance (L-X0) with the velocity of the solvent. A definition of X0 is given allowing one very simple calculation of the minimum permissible column length as a function of gradient steepness, mobile phase velocity and protein adsorption parameter. When x = X0 the protein zone has the smallest dispersion. Making L < X0 is especially disadvantageous, as it leads to anomalous bandspreading. The theory of gradient HPLC was refined on this basis and the usefulness of this approach in high-performance membrane chromatography is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Belenkii
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg
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Clark JH, Williamson CJ. Formation of Si—C bonds at the surface of silica and glass fibres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1039/jm9930300575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mal'tsev VG, Nasledov DG, Trushin SA, Tennikova TB, Vinogradova LV, Volokitina IN, Zgonnik VN, Belenkii BG. High-performance liquid chromatography of proteins on short capillary columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240130310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Engelhardt H, Orth P. Alkoxy Silanes for the Preparation of Silica Based Stationary Phases with Bonded Polar Functional Groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918708066809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Replacement of silanol groups of different types of silicas by hydrophobic radicals. Russ Chem Bull 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00959371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lee G, Rupprecht H. Rheological properties of non-modified and n-alkyl surface-modified colloidal silica sols. J Colloid Interface Sci 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(85)90366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Formation of chemically bound polymer layers on oxide surfaces and their role in colloidal stability. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-8686(80)87002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kerner D, Leiner V. Bestimmung der Ionenverteilung in wäßrigen Dispersionen von unbehandelten und oberflächenmodifizierten SiO2-Teilchen aus Zetapotentialmessungen. Colloid Polym Sci 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01592267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Unger K, Berg K, Nyamah D, Lothe T. Herstellung oberflächenmodifizierter Adsorbentien. Colloid Polym Sci 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01551153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Surface chracteristics of treated glasses for the preparation of glass capillary columns in gas-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)90848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Unger K, Schier G, Beisel V. Chemisch gebundene phasen des typs Si−R in der gasadsorptions-chromatographie. Chromatographia 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02268984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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