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Balzi E, Goffeau A. Multiple or pleiotropic drug resistance in yeast. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1073:241-52. [PMID: 2009277 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(91)90128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Balzi
- Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Balzi E, Chen W, Ulaszewski S, Capieaux E, Goffeau A. The multidrug resistance gene PDR1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Genetics of the mammalian oxidative phosphorylation system: characterization of a new oligomycin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line. Mol Cell Biol 1987. [PMID: 6242755 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.2.7.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of a new type of oligomycin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line (Olir 2.2) are described in this paper. Olir 2.2 cells were approximately 50,000-fold more resistant to oligomycin than were wild-type CHO cells when tested in glucose-containing medium, but only 10- to 100-fold more resistant when tested in galactose-containing medium. Olir 2.2 cells grew with a doubling time similar to that of wild-type cells both in the presence or absence of oligomycin. Oligomycin resistance in Olir 2.2 cells was stable in the absence of drug. In vitro assays indicated that there was approximately a 25-fold increase in the resistance of the mitochondrial ATPase to inhibition by oligomycin in Olir 2.2 cells, with little change in the total ATPase activity. The electron transport chain was shown to be functional in Olir 2.2 cells. Olir 2.2 cells were cross-resistant to other inhibitors of the mitochondrial ATPase (such as rutamycin, ossamycin, peliomycin, venturicidin, leucinostatin, and efrapeptin) and to other inhibitors of mitochondrial functions (such as chloramphenicol, rotenone, and antimycin). Oligomycin resistance was expressed codominantly in hybrids between Olir 2.2 cells and wild-type cells. Cross-resistance to ossamycin, peliomycin, chloramphenicol, antimycin, venturicidin, leucinostatin, and efrapeptin was also expressed codominantly in hybrids. Fusions of enucleated Olir 2.2 cells with wild-type cells and characterization of the resulting cybrid clones indicated that resistance to oligomycin and ossamycin results from a mutation in both a nuclear gene and a cytoplasmic gene. Cross-resistance to efrapeptin, leucinostatin, venturicidin, and antimycin results from a mutation in only a nuclear gene.
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Ooi BG, Novitski CE, Nagley P. DNA sequence analysis of the oli1 gene reveals amino acid changes in mitochondrial ATPase subunit 9 from oligomycin-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1985; 152:709-14. [PMID: 2932333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb09251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the oli1 gene encoding mitochondrial ATPase subunit 9 (76 amino acids) has been determined for five oligomycin-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three of the mutations affect amino acids in the vicinity of the glutamic acid residue 59 at which dicylohexyl carbodiimide binds. Two other mutations lead to substitution of amino acid 23, which would lie very close to residue 59 in the folded hairpin conformation that this protein is thought to adopt in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The apposition of residues 23 and those adjacent to residue 59, lying respectively in the two hydrophobic membrane-spanning arms of subunit 9, is considered to constitute an oligomycin-binding domain. By consideration of the amino acid substitutions in those mutants cross-resistant to venturicidin, a domain of resistance for venturicidin is defined to lie within the oligomycin-binding domain, also centered on residues 23 and 59. These data also clarify the genetic recombination behaviour of alleles previously defined to form part of the oli3 locus (mutants characterized by resistance to both oligomycin and venturicidin) together with alleles defined to form part of the oli1 locus (mutants not cross-resistant to venturicidin). The oli1 and oli3 loci can now be seen to form two overlapping extended groups within the oli1 gene, with sequenced oli3 mutations being as far apart as 125 nucleotides within the subunit 9 coding region of 231 nucleotides.
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Breen GA, Scheffler IE. Cytoplasmic inheritance of oligomycin resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Cell Biol 1980; 86:723-9. [PMID: 6447704 PMCID: PMC2110697 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.86.3.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomycin-resistant clones were isolated from Chinese hamster ovary cells by treatment of cells with ethidium bromide, followed by mutagenesis with ethylmethane sulfonate and selection in oligomycin. One clone (Olir 8.1) was chosen for further study. Olir 8.1 cells grow with doubling time similar to that of wild-type cells, whether grown in the presence or absence of drug (doubling time of 13-14 h). In plating efficiency experiments, Olir 8.1 cells are approximately 100-fold more resistant to oligomycin than are wild-type cells. There is approximately a 32-fold increase in the resistance to inhibition by oligomycin of the mitochondrial ATPase from Olir 8.1 cells. The electron transport chain is functional in Olir 8.1 cells. Oligomycin resistance is stable in the absence of selective pressure. There is little or no cross-resistance of Olir 8.1 cells to venturicidin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, other inhibitors of the mitochondrial ATPase, or to chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Oligomycin resistance is dominant in hybrids between Olir 8.1 cells and wild-type cells. Fusions of enucleated Olir 8.1 cells with sensitive cells and characterization of the resulting "cybrid" clones indicates that oligomycin resistance in Olir 8.1 cells is cytoplasmically inherited.
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Brunner A, Tuena de Cobos A. Extrachromosomal oligomycin-resistant mutants of the petite-negative yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. Properties of mitochondrial ATPase and cross-resistance to inhibitors of phosphoryl transfer reactions. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1980; 178:351-5. [PMID: 6446648 DOI: 10.1007/bf00270483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATPase from oligomycin-resistant mutants which map on different regions of an extrachromosomal DNA (01 and 011 class mutants) showed an increased resistance to oligomycin and venturicidin when assayed in vitro as compared to the sensitive strains. The resistance to oligomycin of the isolated mitochondrial ATPase from 01 class mutants was higher than that of the 011 class mutants. Cross resistance of the oligomycin-resistant mutants to the antibiotics peliomycin and ossamycin, which also inhibit phosphoryl transfer reactions in mitochondria (Walter et al., 1967), was observed, 01 mutants being more resistant to ossamycin than 011 class mutants. At the concentrations of peliomycin studied, no difference in sensitivity among both groups of oligomycin-resistant mutants could be detected. Mitochondrial respiration and isolated mitochondrial ATPase activity are sensitive to venturicidin, suggesting that the previously observed (Brunner et al., 1977) in vivo venturicidin resistance of K. lactis is probably due to an impairment of the influx of the drug at the level of the plasma membrane.
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Linnane AW, Nagley P. Mitochondrial genetics in perspective: the derivation of a genetic and physical map of the yeast mitochondrial genome. Plasmid 1978; 1:324-45. [PMID: 372968 DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(78)90049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Trembath MK, Molloy PL, Sriprakash KS, Cutting GJ, Linnane AW, Lukins HB. Biogenesis of mitochondria 44. comparative studies and mapping of mitochondrial oligomycin resistance mutations in yeast based on gene recombination and petite deletion analysis. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1976; 145:43-52. [PMID: 1272251 DOI: 10.1007/bf00331556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of eight independently isolated mitochondrial oligomycin resistant mutants obtained from three laboratories show a variety of phenotypes based on cross resistance to venturicidin and sensitivity to low temperature. Analysis of recombination between pairs of markers indicate the existence of at least three genetic classes; class A, cross resistant to venturicidin and including the mutations OIII, [olil-r], [olgi-R], [tso-r]; class B, mutations OI, [olil7-r], [OLG2-R]; and class C, the mutation O11. The recombination data is consistent with mutations of each class residing in three separate genes, although mutations of class A and B show very close linkage. Recombination in non-polar crosses had demonstrated that markers of all three classes are linked to the mikl locus in the configuration (AB)-mikl-C. The mapping of this segment with respect to other markers of the mitochondrial genome and the order of classes A and B was established by analysis of co-retention frequenceis of markers in primary petite isolates as well as by analysis of marker overlap of genetically and physically defined petite genomes. The unambiguous order eryl-A-B-mik1-C-par was obtained. DNA-DNA hybridization studies using mtDNA isolated from selected petites confirms this map and estimates the physical separation of markers. A resonable correlation exists in this region of th genome between distances estimated physically by hybridization and genetically by frequencey of recombination in non-polar crosses. It is potulated that the oligomycin-mikamycin linkage group represents a cluster of genes involved in determing a number of mitochondrial membrane proteins associated with the mitochondrial ATPase and respiratory complex III.
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Michaelis G, Somlo M. Genetic analysis of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1976; 8:93-107. [PMID: 134034 DOI: 10.1007/bf01558631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Different mitochondrial mutants have been isolated that affect mitochondrial ribosome function. These mutants were used to establish most of the known methods and principles of mitochondrial genetics in yeast. Another class of mitochondrial mutants have been shown to affect mitochondrial ATPase and, more specifically, the "membrane factor" of mitochondrial ATPase. These mutants might be very useful in studying the energy-conserving function, and the interaction between the hydrophobic and hydrophylic parts, of the ATPase complex. New types of mitochondrial point mutations, concerning cytochrome a-a3 or b, will soon open up new fields of investigation. The biochemical and genetic analysis of numerous mutants belonging to that category and recently obtained [31] is being currently pursued in Tzagoloff's and Slonimski's laboratories.
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Barrere G, Mounolou JC. Yeast mutants resistant to basic fuchsin: a genetic approach to the integration of nuclear and mitochondrial information. Mutat Res 1976; 35:39-52. [PMID: 775323 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(76)90167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In yeast, basic fuchsin both inhibits mitochondrial functions and is a potent mutagen for the mitochondrial genome. A genetic analysis of two mutants resistant to the dye indicate that: (1) resistance is specified by a nuclear gene; (2) the onset of resistance in sensitive cells is controlled by the mitochondrial genome; and (3) sensitive mitochondrial structures can be carried over for many cell generations in the presence of a resistant nuclear genotype.
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Trembath MK, Monk BC, Kellerman GM, Linnane AW. Biogenesis of mitochondria 36, The genetic and biochemical analysis of a mitochondrially determined cold sensitive oligomycin resistant mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with affected mitochondrial ATPase assembly. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1975; 141:9-22. [PMID: 129672 DOI: 10.1007/bf00332375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and characterisation of a mutant affecting the assembly of mitochondrial ATPase is reported. The mutation confers resistance to oligomycin and venturicidin and sensitivity of growth on nonfermentable substrates to low temperature (19degrees). Genetic analysis indicates that the phenotype is due to a single mutation located on the mitochondrial DNA which is probably allelic with the independently isolated oligomycin resistance mutation [oli1-r]. Growth of the mutant at the non-restrictive temperature (28degrees) yields mitochondria in which the ATPase appears more sensitive to oligomycin than that of the sensitive parental strain. However, when the enzyme is isolated free from the influence of the membrane strong resistance to oligomycin is evident. These data suggest that the component responsible for the oligomycin resistance of the ATPase is part of or subject to interaction with the mitochondrial inner membrane. Measurements of the ATPase content of mitochondria indicate that ATPase production is impaired during growth at 19degreesC. In addition, studies of the maximum inhibition of mitochondrial ATPase activity by high concentrations of oligomycin suggest a selective lesion in ATPase assembly at low temperature. The nett result is that during growth at 19degrees only about 10% of the normal level of ATPase is produced of which less than half is membrane integrated and thus capable of oxidative energy production. We propose that the mutation affects a mitochondrially synthesised membrane sector peptide of the ATPase which defines the interaction of F1ATPase with specific environments on the mitochondrial inner membrane.
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Mitchell CH, England JM, Attardi G. Isolation of chloramphenicol-resistant variants from a human cell line. SOMATIC CELL GENETICS 1975; 1:215-34. [PMID: 800292 DOI: 10.1007/bf01538447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Variant clones resistant to 40 microng/ml chloramphenicol were isolated from the human cell line VA2-B after treatment with either ethyl methanesulfonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Among 17 clones analyzed, one variant, CAP-23, was investigated in detail. CAP-23 cells in the presence of 40 or 100 microng/ml chloramphenicol grew at essentially the same rate as cells in the absence of the drug; chloramphenicol resistance persisted even after 20 generations in the absence of the drug. No obvious morphological changes in mitochondria were observed by electron microscopy of thin sections of CAP-23 cells. In vivo mitochondrial protein synthesis in CAP-23 cells was inhibited little, if any, by chloramphenicol, and the variant showed and partial cross resistance to mikamycin and carbomycin. In vitro protein synthesis in mitochondria isolated from CAP-23 cells showed, likewise, low levels of inhibition by chloramphenicol. This suggests that the drug resistance of the variant CAP-23 is due to altered mitochondria.
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Rank GH, Robertson A, Phillips K. Reduced plasma membrane permeability in a multiple cross-resistant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 1975; 122:359-66. [PMID: 1092646 PMCID: PMC246065 DOI: 10.1128/jb.122.2.359-366.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nuclear gene inheritance was shown to be responsible for increased resistance to: eight diverse inhibitors of mitochondrial function (antimycin, carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, chloramphenicol, oligomycin, tetracycline, triethyltin bromide, triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide and triton-X-165); and an inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis (cycloheximide). Continuous monitoring of oxygen uptake during respiratory adaptation showed that anerobic pretreatment of resistant cells sensitized respiratory adaptation to chloramphenicol and antimycin. However, since a depression of mitochondrial function by catabolite repression did not result in sensitization to antimycin, alteration of the mitochondrial membrane does not appear to be responsible for resistance to mitochondrial inhibition. Alteration of cellular binding sites was not responsible for resistance since in vitro mitochondrial protein synthesis was sensitive to chloramphenicol and in vitro mitochondrial respiration was sensitive to oligomycin, carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and antimycin. Autoradiography of an ethylacetate-ethanol extract of [14C]chloramphenicol-treated resistant cells indicated that resistance was not due to enzymatic modification of inhibitors. The maintenance of an antimycin-resistant respiration by protoplasts of resistant cells ruled out the involvement of the cell wall in cellular resistance. The reduced transport of [14C]chloramphenicol by resistant cells (1% of normal cells) indicated that a single nuclear gene mutation can alter the permeability of the plasma membrane to many diverse inhibitors.
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Colson AM, Goffeau A, Briquet M, Weigel P, Mattoon JR. Nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction between oligomycin-resistant mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1974; 135:309-26. [PMID: 4618887 DOI: 10.1007/bf00271146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1.A single-gene nuclear mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, isolated as oligomycin-resistant, exhibits in vivo cross-resistance to venturicidin and collateral sensitivity to Synthalin. All three compounds are inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Oligomycin resistance and Synthalin sensitivity are recessive, while venturicidin resistance is dominant. 2. Acytoplasmic mutant, also isolated as oligomycin-resistant, shows collateral sensitivity to both Synthalin and venturicidin. All three traits undergo mitotic segregation in diploids formed by crossing mutant and normal halpoids. 3. A novel nucleocytoplasmic interaction is observed in diploids formed by crossing haploid strains containing the nuclear and the cytoplasmic mutations, respectively. The dominant venturicidin resistance determined by the nuclear gene undergoes mitotic segregation, which results from a suppression of the nuclear phenotype by the cytoplasmic mutation. When a diploid mitotic segregant contains primarily mutant-type mitochondria, venturicidin resistance is completely suppressed. In haploids containing both the nuclear and cytoplasmic mutations, suppression is only partial. 4. Oxidative phosphorylation and ATPase in mitochondrial fractions isolated fromcytoplasmic mutant cells are less sensitive to inhibition by oligomycin than normal, but in vitro sensitivity to venturicidin is not significantly changed. In similar mitochondrial fractions isolated from normal and nuclear mutant cells, no significant differences in sensitivity to either inhibitor are detected. 5. The molecular basis for the nucleocytoplasmic suppression of venturicidin resistance may involve participation of mitochondrial membrane, plasma membrane or both. Either mitochondria can undergo changes in venturicidin sensitivity upon isolation, or the molecular entity which controls access of venturicidin to the mitochondria resides outside of the organelles. 6. Our data establish that aspects of the response in vivo of both venturicidin and Snythalin are controlled by the mitochondrial genome. 7. The nucleocytoplasmic interaction described here is the first example in which a specific restricted mitochondrial mutation modifies the phenotypic expression of a nuclear gene.
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Rowlands RT, Turner G. Recombination between the extranuclear genes conferring oligomycin resistance and cold sensitivity in Aspergillus nidulans. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1974; 133:151-61. [PMID: 4614065 DOI: 10.1007/bf00264836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rowlands RT, Turner G. Physiological and biochemical studies of nuclear and extranuclear oligomycin-resistant mutants of Aspergillus nidulans. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1974; 132:73-88. [PMID: 4278766 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Howell N, Molloy PL, Linnane AW, Lukins HB. Biogenesis of mitochondria 34. The synergistic interaction of nuclear and mitocohondrial mutations to produce resistance to high levels of mikamycin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1974; 128:43-54. [PMID: 4595781 DOI: 10.1007/bf00267293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wolf K, Dujon B, Slonimski PP. Mitochondrial genetics. V. Multifactorial mitochondrial crosses involving a mutation conferring paromomycin-resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 125:53-90. [PMID: 4590264 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Howell N, Trembath MK, Linnane AW, Lukins HB. Biogenesis of mitochondria. 30. An analysis of polarity of mitochondrial gene recombination and transmission. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 122:37-51. [PMID: 4573261 DOI: 10.1007/bf00337972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Trembath MK, Bunn CL, Lukins HB, Linnane AW. Biogenesis of mitochondria 27. Genetic and biochemical characterisation of cytoplasmic and nuclear mutations to spiramycin resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 121:35-48. [PMID: 4576622 DOI: 10.1007/bf00353691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lukins HB, Tate JR, Saunders GW, Linnane AW. The biogenesis of mitochondria 26. Mitochondrial recombination: the segregation of parental and recombinant mitochondrial genotypes during vegetative division of yeast. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 120:17-25. [PMID: 4568524 DOI: 10.1007/bf00332981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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