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Nadeau JH, Davisson MT, Doolittle DP, Grant P, Hillyard AL, Kosowsky MR, Roderick TH. Comparative map for mice and humans. Mamm Genome 1992; 3:480-536. [PMID: 1392257 DOI: 10.1007/bf00778825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
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2
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Simard J, Bérubé D, Sandberg M, Grzeschik KH, Gagné R, Hansson V, Jahnsen T. Assignment of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit C beta of cAMP-dependent protein kinase to the p36 band on chromosome 1. Hum Genet 1992; 88:653-7. [PMID: 1551670 DOI: 10.1007/bf02265292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA for the human catalytic subunit (C beta) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) has been cloned from a testis cDNA library. In the present study, we have determined the chromosomal localization of this gene using a cDNA for C beta as a probe. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from human/mouse cell hybrids revealed that the presence or absence of a 20-kb XbaI fragment, which hybridized with the C beta probe, was concordant with the presence of human chromosome 1. In situ hybridization to metaphase chromosome confirmed the somatic cell hybrid data and regionally mapped the C beta gene of PKA to the p36 band on chromosome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Simard
- MRC Group in Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center and Laval University, Québec, Canada
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3
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Stolz FM, Pfau HP, Reipen G, Schnittger S, Grzeschik KH, Hansmann I. Characterization and regional mapping of new anonymous chromosome 20-specific DNA markers isolated from a flow-sorted DNA library. Genomics 1991; 11:948-55. [PMID: 1686021 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90019-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Employing the flow-sorted chromosome 20-specific DNA library LL20NS01, we isolated seven novel unique poly- and monomorphic DNA markers specific to human chromosome 20. Initially, 201 phage clones were analyzed regarding insert size and repetitivity. By testing 14 single- and low-copy number clones for their ability to detect RFLPs, three polymorphisms were revealed by two probes, pFMS22-1.4 [D20S22] and pFMS76 [D20S23]. Seven of twenty probes (35%) were assigned to chromosome 20 using a somatic cell hybrid DNA panel. Five of them were regionally mapped by in situ hybridization. Three DNA markers, pFMS51 [D20S29], pFMS76 [D20S23], and pFMS106 [D20S30], were assigned to 20p11.2-p12, and two markers, pFMS22-1.4 [D20S22] and pFMS135 [D20S31], to 20q12-q13.3. Our new chromosome 20-specific DNA markers should be useful for the molecular characterization of this rather underpopulated human chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Stolz
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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4
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Nadeau JH, Davisson MT, Doolittle DP, Grant P, Hillyard AL, Kosowsky M, Roderick TH. Comparative map for mice and humans. Mamm Genome 1991; 1 Spec No:S461-515. [PMID: 1799811 DOI: 10.1007/bf00656504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
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Paigen K. Mammalian beta-glucuronidase: genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1989; 37:155-205. [PMID: 2672109 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Hanauer A, Alembik Y, Arveiler B, Formiga L, Gilgenkrantz S, Mandel JL. Genetic mapping of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: DXS159, a closely linked proximal marker. Hum Genet 1988; 80:177-80. [PMID: 2902000 DOI: 10.1007/bf00702863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Three families with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (AED) have been studied by linkage analysis with seven polymorphic DNA markers from the Xp11-q21 region. Previously reported linkage to DXYS1 (Xq13-q21) has been confirmed (z (theta) = 4.08 at theta = 0.05) and we have also established linkage to another polymorphic locus, DXS159, located in Xq11-q12 (z (theta) = 4.28 at theta = 0.05). Physical mapping places DSX159 proximal to the Xq12 breakpoint of an X autosome translocation found in a female with clinical signs of ectodermal dysplasia. Of all markers that have been used in linkage analysis of AED, DXS159 would appear the closest on the proximal side of the disease locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hanauer
- Unité 184 INSERM, Laboratorie de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du CRNS, Strasbourg, France
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Allanson JE, Gemmill RM, Hecht BK, Johnsen S, Wenger DA. Deletion mapping of the beta-glucuronidase gene. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1988; 29:517-22. [PMID: 3376995 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320290307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
GUSB, the gene for beta-glucuronidase, has been localized to the proximal long arm of chromosome 7 between 7q11.2 and 7q22. Deficiency of beta-glucuronidase results in mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII, Sly syndrome). The enzymatic defect has been demonstrated in cultured skin fibroblasts, leukocytes and serum of affected patients. An 8-yr-old boy presented with manifestations similar to MPS VII (mental retardation, short stature, "coarse" facial appearance, mild skeletal involvement and recurrent lower respiratory tract infection) but other, discrepant abnormalities, e.g., bilateral iris colobomata and cleft palate. Normal activity of beta-glucuronidase was found in the patient's leukocytes. Chromosome analysis disclosed an interstitial deletion of 7q with one breakpoint at the interface between bands 11.22 and 11.23 and the other breakpoint within band 21.1. DNA from this patient's leukocytes was analyzed for dosage of GUSB sequences. This locus appeared to be present at the normal diploid level. These findings suggest that GUSB is not in the portion of chromosome 7 deleted in our case, narrowing the smallest region of overlap to 7q21.1----7q22. We therefore assign the beta-glucuronidase gene to 7q21.1----7q22.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Allanson
- Genetics Center, Southwest Biomedical Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ 85251
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8
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Rotwein P, Naylor SL, Chirgwin JM. Human insulin-related DNA sequences map to chromosomes 2 and 11. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1986; 12:625-31. [PMID: 3024335 DOI: 10.1007/bf01671947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-related hormone family consists of four known peptides: insulin, the insulin-like growth factors I and II, and relaxin. To investigate the hypothesis that the family contains additional members, we have isolated a series of human genomic clones using the insulin gene as a hybridization probe. Two of these single copy DNA sequences, hIr1 and hIr2, have been localized to chromosome 2 and 11p11----q13, respectively, by Southern blot analysis of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids, a result consistent with other evidence supporting the dispersal of the insulin gene family throughout the genome. Although a biological function for these DNA sequences has not yet been established, hIr1 and hIr2 are potentially useful as molecular probes for mapping, by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), genetic disorders linked to chromosomes 2 or 11.
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Oberlé I, Camerino G, Kloepfer C, Moisan JP, Grzeschik KH, Hellkuhl B, Hors-Cayla MC, Van Cong N, Weil D, Mandel JL. Characterization of a set of X-linked sequences and of a panel of somatic cell hybrids useful for the regional mapping of the human X chromosome. Hum Genet 1986; 72:43-9. [PMID: 3002952 DOI: 10.1007/bf00278816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized 19 DNA fragments originating from the human X chromosome. Most of them have been isolated from an X chromosome genomic library (Davies et al. 1981) using a systematic screening procedure. These DNA probes have been used to search for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). The frequency of restriction polymorphisms (1 per 350 bp analysed) was lower than expected from data obtained with autosomal fragments. The various probes have been mapped within 12 subchromosomal regions using a panel of human-rodent hybrid cell lines. The validity of the panel was established by hybridization experiments performed with 27 X-specific DNA probes, which yielded information on the relative position of translocation breakpoints on the X chromosome. The DNAs from the various hybrid lines are blotted onto a reusable support which allows one to quickly map any new X-specific DNA fragment. The probes already isolated should be of use to map unbalanced X chromosome aberrations or to characterize new somatic cell hybrid lines. The probes which detect RFLPs define new genetic markers which will help to construct a detailed linkage map of the human X chromosome, and might also serve for the diagnosis of carriers or prenatal diagnosis.
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Knowlton RG, Cohen-Haguenauer O, Van Cong N, Frézal J, Brown VA, Barker D, Braman JC, Schumm JW, Tsui LC, Buchwald M. A polymorphic DNA marker linked to cystic fibrosis is located on chromosome 7. Nature 1985; 318:380-2. [PMID: 2999611 DOI: 10.1038/318380a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although cystic fibrosis (CF) is among the most common inherited diseases in Caucasian populations, the basic biochemical defect is not yet known. CF is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait apparently due to mutations in a single gene, whence the efforts made to identify the genetic locus responsible by linkage studies. Two markers have recently been identified that are genetically linked to CF: one is a genetic variation in serum level of activity of the enzyme paraoxonase, and the other is a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) identified with a randomly isolated DNA probe. We report here that the genetic locus DOCRI-917 defined by the cloned DNA probe is located on chromosome 7.
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Balazs I, Purrello M, Kurnit DM, Grzeschik KH, Siniscalco M. Isolation and characterization of human random cDNA clones homologous to DNA from the X chromosome. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1984; 10:385-97. [PMID: 6087473 DOI: 10.1007/bf01535634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To search for human X-chromosome-specific probes useful for molecular mapping, we studied recombinant clones isolated from a human cDNA library. DNA preparations from 150 randomly selected clones were labeled and annealed to XY and 4XY human DNA, and to DNA from a human-mouse hybrid cell line that had retained only the human X-chromosome (A9/HRBC2). cDNA clones sharing homology with DNA from the X chromosome annealed to A9/HRBC2-DNA and hybridized more intensely to 4XY DNA than to XY DNA. Eleven such clones were identified. Of these, three hybridized only to X chromosomal DNA while the rest also annealed to DNA from one or more autosomes. Chromosomal assignment of the autosomal DNA fragments showed that, in addition to hybridization to X chromosomal DNA, four of the clones hybridized to DNA sequences from chromosome 2 and two clones to chromosome 7. Subregional mapping of the relevant X chromosomal DNA fragments indicated that one clone is homologous to DNA sequences located at Xp21-Xp22, whereas the others are located in the telomeric region of the long arm. The cDNA clones were used to search for restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Several restriction-site polymorphisms were detected. Some corresponded to variants of X chromosomal DNA sequences while others were from autosomes such as chromosomes 2 and 7.
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Koenig M, Camerino G, Heilig R, Mandel JL. A DNA fragment from the human X chromosome short arm which detects a partially homologous sequence on the Y chromosomes long arm. Nucleic Acids Res 1984; 12:4097-109. [PMID: 6728677 PMCID: PMC318819 DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.10.4097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An X linked human DNA fragment (named DXS31 ) which detects partially homologous sequences on the Y chromosome has been isolated. Regional localisation of the two sex linked sequences was determined using a panel of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids. The X specific sequence is located at the tip of the short arm ( Xp22 .3-pter), i.e. within or close to the region which pairs with the Y chromosome short arm at meiosis. However the Y specific sequence is located in the heterochromatic region of the long arm ( Yq11 -qter) and lies outside from the pairing region. DNAs from several XX male subjects were probed with DXS31 and in all cases a double dose of the X linked fragment was found, and the Y specific fragment was absent. DXS31 detects in chimpanzee a male-female differential pattern identical to that found in man. However results obtained in a more distantly related species, the brown lemur, suggest that the sequences detected by DXS31 in this species might be autosomally coded. The features observed with these X-Y related sequences do not fit with that expected from current hypotheses of homology between the pairing regions of the two sex chromosomes, nor with the pattern observed with other X-Y homologous sequences recently characterized. Our results suggest also that the rule of conservation of X linkage in mammals might not apply to sequences present on the tip of the X chromosome short arm, in bearing with the controversial issue of steroid sulfatase localisation in mouse.
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Camerino G, Grzeschik KH, Jaye M, De La Salle H, Tolstoshev P, Lecocq JP, Heilig R, Mandel JL. Regional localization on the human X chromosome and polymorphism of the coagulation factor IX gene (hemophilia B locus). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984; 81:498-502. [PMID: 6320191 PMCID: PMC344705 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.2.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia B is an X-linked disease caused by a functional deficiency in coagulation factor IX. A cDNA clone corresponding to factor IX has been used to detect homologous sequences in the human genome. All DNA fragments hybridizing to the probe, under medium- or high-stringency conditions, are X-linked, and the patterns obtained suggest that a single large (greater than or equal to 20 kilobases) gene is detected. The gene has been mapped to the q26-q27 region of the long arm of the X chromosome by hybridization to DNA from a panel of human-mouse hybrid cell lines. A search for restriction fragment length polymorphisms using seven restriction enzymes has led to the detection of a Taq I polymorphism, with allelic frequencies of about 0.71 and 0.29. This genetic marker should be useful for the detection of carriers of the hemophilia B trait and for prenatal diagnosis in informative families and, more generally, for the establishment of a linkage map of the human X chromosome.
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Zabel BU, Naylor SL, Grzeschik KH, Sakaguchi AY. Regional assignment of human protooncogene c-myb to 6q21----qter. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1984; 10:105-8. [PMID: 6322357 DOI: 10.1007/bf01534477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Using human-mouse somatic cell hybrids containing different parts of chromosome 6 and a DNA probe of the oncogene (v-myb) of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), we regionally mapped by Southern blot techniques the human cellular myb (c-myb) protooncogene to 6q21----qter.
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Naylor SL, Chin WW, Goodman HM, Lalley PA, Grzeschik KH, Sakaguchi AY. Chromosome assignment of genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of glycoprotein hormones in man and mouse. SOMATIC CELL GENETICS 1983; 9:757-70. [PMID: 6581542 DOI: 10.1007/bf01539478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The chromosomal locations of the genes for the common alpha subunit of the glycoprotein hormones and the beta subunit of chorionic gonadotropin in humans and mice have been determined by restriction enzyme analysis of DNA isolated from somatic cell hybrids. The CG alpha gene (CGA), detected as a 15-kb BamHI fragment in human DNA by hybridization to CG alpha cDNA, segregated with the chromosome 6 enzyme markers ME1 (malic enzyme, soluble) and SOD2 (superoxide dismutase, mitchondrial) and an intact chromosome 6 in human-rodent hybrids. Cell hybrids containing portions of chromosome 6 allowed the localization of CGA to the q12 leads to q21 region. The greater than 30- and 6.5-kb BamHI CGB fragments hybridizing to human CG beta cDNA segregated concordantly with the human chromosome 19 marker enzymes PEPD (peptidase D) and GPI (glucose phosphate isomerase) and a normal chromosome 19 in karyotyped hybrids. A KpnI-HindIII digest of cell hybrid DNAs indicated that the multiple copies of the CG beta gene are all located on human chromosome 19. In the mouse, the alpha subunit gene, detected by a mouse thyrotropin (TSH) alpha subunit probe, and the CG beta-like sequences (CG beta-LH beta), detected by the human CG beta cDNA probe, are on chromosomes 4 and 7, respectively.
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Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Shows TB, Grzeschik KH, Holmes M, Zasloff M. Two nonallelic tRNAiMet genes are located in the p23 leads to q12 region of human chromosome 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983; 80:5027-31. [PMID: 6308668 PMCID: PMC384181 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.16.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two nonallelic human tRNAiMet genes were assigned to chromosome 6 by filter hybridization of DNA from human-rodent somatic cell hybrids by using probes containing unique sequences from the regions flanking each tRNAiMet gene. These unique sequence probes thus allowed each tRNAiMet gene to be analyzed individually in cell hybrids. Both tRNAiMet genes segregated in the hybrid cells with the chromosome 6 enzyme markers, soluble malic enzyme and the mitochondrial form of superoxide dismutase, and also with a karyotypically normal chromosome 6. By using hybrid clones containing translocations that divide chromosome 6 into five segments, both tRNAiMet genes were assigned to the p23 leads to q12 region. These results raise the possibility that other tRNAiMet genes may be syntenic with the two described in this study and illustrate the utility of using unique flanking sequences to identify members of a multigene family.
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Meera Khan P, Wijnen LMM, Wijnen JT, Grzeschik KH. Electrophoretic characterization and genetics of human biliverdin reductase (BLVR; EC 1.3.1.24); assignment of BLVR to the p14 → cen region of human chromosome 7 in mouse-human somatic cell hybrids. Biochem Genet 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02395396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Maire I, Mandon G, Zabot MT, Mathieu M, Guibaud P. Beta-glucuronidase deficiency: enzyme studies in an affected family and prenatal diagnosis. J Inherit Metab Dis 1980; 2:29-34. [PMID: 6796758 DOI: 10.1007/bf01799071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A beta-glucuronidase deficiency found in serum, leukocytes and fibroblasts and an increased [35S]sulphate incorporation in fibroblasts led us to diagnose two cases of type VII mucopolysaccharidosis in one family. In spite of the wide distribution of activities in serum from controls, decreased beta-glucuronidase activity allowed us to demonstrate the heterozygous status of the parents and two other children. Following these studies, and antenatal diagnosis was performed when the mother was pregnant again; amniotic fluid and cultured amniotic cells were used for enzyme activity determination. A heterozygous fetus was suspected and confirmed after birth. The reliability of various biological materials for enzymatic diagnosis and existence of genetic variants in the normal population are discussed.
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Bruns GA, Mintz BJ, Leary AC, Regina VM, Gerald PS. Human lysosomal genes: arylsulfatase A and beta-galactosidase. Biochem Genet 1979; 17:1031-59. [PMID: 120190 DOI: 10.1007/bf00504344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The segregation of human lysosomal arylsulfatase A (ARS-A) has been evaluated in 50 primary hybrid clones derived from four separate fusions involving WBCs from two unrelated individuals and three hamster cell lines. ARS-A was expressed in the hybrids as a dimeric molecule of very similar or identical subunits. The expression of this enzyme was concordant with that of mitochondrial aconitase (ACON-M), an isozyme assigned to chromosome 22, in all 50 clones and with chromosome 22 segregation in all but one of the 29 karyotyped hybrids. No other human chromosome cosegregated with 22 in these clones, suggesting that this enzyme is specified in hybrid cells by a locus (or loci) on a single chromosome. beta-Galactosidase (B-GAL) expression was analyzed with two different electrophoresis systems and with a number of cell extract preparation methods in 39 of the primary hybrid clones. The B-GAL isozyme expressed in these hybrid cells was concordant with the expression of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1), an isozyme assigned to chromosome 3, in all 39 clones and with the segregation of this chromosome in 97% of the 29 karyotyped hybrids. These observations substantiate the prior tentative assignments of an ARS-A locus to chromosome 22 and a B-GAL locus to chromosome 3 (Bruns et al., 1978a, b). The implications of the chromosome assignments of loci for 12 human lysosomal enzymes for the cellular assembly of these organelles are discussed.
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