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Wenzel WW, Adriano DC, Salt D, Smith R. Phytoremediation: A Plant-Microbe-Based Remediation System. AGRONOMY MONOGRAPHS 2015. [DOI: 10.2134/agronmonogr37.c18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter W. Wenzel
- Institute of Soil Science; Universität für Bodenkultur; Vienna Austria
| | - Domy C. Adriano
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory; University of Georgia; Aiken South Carolina
| | - David Salt
- Chemistry Department; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff Arizona
| | - Robert Smith
- AgBiotech Center; Rutgers University; New Brunswick New Jersey
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Rabiei A, Sharifinik M, Niazi A, Hashemi A, Ayatollahi S. Core flooding tests to investigate the effects of IFT reduction and wettability alteration on oil recovery during MEOR process in an Iranian oil reservoir. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5979-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Meyer DD, Santestevan NA, Bücker F, Salamoni SP, Andreazza R, De Oliveira Camargo FA, Bento FM. Capability of a selected bacterial consortium for degrading diesel/biodiesel blends (B20): enzyme and biosurfactant production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1776-1784. [PMID: 22755524 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.689227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The search for alternative sources of energy, such as biodiesel, has been stimulated, since this biofuel is highly susceptible for biodegradation and has low toxicity, thus, reducing the impact in ecosystems. The objective of this study was to select a bacterial consortium with potential for degrading diesel/biodiesel blends (B20) obtained from areas contaminated with hydrocarbons/esters. In order to evaluate the biodegrability of the blend, six enzyme assays were conducted: alkane hydroxylase, Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, Protocatechol 3,4-dioxygenase, ρ-NPA hydrolysis (esterase), and release of fatty acids through titration (lipase), with estimative of total protein and biosurfactant production (surface tension measurement and emulsifying index E(24)). The best results obtained allowed the selection of four bacteria isolates (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) for compiling a consortium, which will be used for bioaugmentation strategies in soils contaminated with these fuels. This consortium exhibited high potential for biodegradation of biodiesel, and might be an efficient alternative for cleaning up these contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Derrossi Meyer
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Franzetti A, Gandolfi I, Bestetti G, Smyth TJP, Banat IM. Production and applications of trehalose lipid biosurfactants. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Screening concepts for the isolation of biosurfactant producing microorganisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 672:1-13. [PMID: 20545270 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5979-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of current methods for the isolation of biosurfactant producing microbes. The common screening methods for biosurfactants are presented. Sampling and isolation of bacteria are the basis for screening of biosurfactant producing microbes. Hydrocarbon-contaminated sites are the most promising for the isolation of biosurfactant producing microbes, but many strains have also been isolated from undisturbed sites. In subsequent steps the isolates have to be characterized in order to identify the strains which are interesting for a further investigation. Several techniques have been developed for identifying biosurfactant producing strains. Most of them are directly based on the surface or interfacial activity of the culture supernatant. Apart from that, some screening methods explore the hydrophobicity of the cell surface. This trait also gives an indication on biosurfactant production. In recent years automation and miniaturization have led to the development of high throughput methods for screening. High throughput screening (HTS) for analyzing large amounts of potential candidates or whole culture collections is reflected in the end. However, no new principals have been introduced by HTS methods.
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Kim SK, Ravichandran YD, Khan SB, Kim YT. Prospective of the cosmeceuticals derived from marine organisms. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Comparative approach for detection of biosurfactant-producing bacteria isolated from Ahvaz petroleum excavation areas in south of Iran. ANN MICROBIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Leglize P, Alain S, Jacques B, Corinne L. Adsorption of phenanthrene on activated carbon increases mineralization rate by specific bacteria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 151:339-47. [PMID: 17629618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil is affected by PAH sorption to solid phase. We studied the influence of activated carbon (AC) on phenanthrene (PHE) mineralization by five degrading bacterial strains isolated from contaminated soil. PHE adsorption on AC was important and reduced PHE aqueous concentration up to 90%. PHE degradation was improved in the presence of activated carbon with three of the bacterial strains, named NAH1, MATE3 and MATE7, which produced biofilms, whereas it was not improved with the two other ones, which did not produce biofilms, MATE10 and MATE12. Monitoring PHE distribution during incubation showed that aqueous PHE concentration was significantly higher with the biofilm-producing NAH1 than with MATE10. Bacterial adhesion on AC was also investigated. The precoating of AC with PHE increased NAH1 and MATE3 adhesion to the solid surface (>16 and >13%, respectively). Bacterial properties, such as biofilm production and adhesion to AC capacity seemed to be related to their ability to optimize PHE degradation by improving PHE diffusion and reducing diffusion path length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Leglize
- Laboratoire des Interactions Microorganismes, Minéraux, Matière Organique dans les Sols (LIMOS) UMR 7137 CNRS-UHP Nancy I, Faculté des Sciences, BP 239, F54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
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Wu JY, Yeh KL, Lu WB, Lin CL, Chang JS. Rhamnolipid production with indigenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa EM1 isolated from oil-contaminated site. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:1157-64. [PMID: 17434729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnolipid is one of the most effective and commonly used biosurfactant with wide industrial applications. Systematic strategies were applied to improve rhamnolipid (RL) production with a newly isolated indigenous strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa EM1 originating from an oil-contaminated site located in southern Taiwan. Seven carbon substrates and four nitrogen sources were examined for their effects on RL production. In addition, the effect of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio on RL production was also studied. Single-factor experiments show that the most favorable carbon sources for RL production were glucose and glycerol (both at 40 g/L), giving a RL yield of 7.5 and 4.9 g/L, respectively. Meanwhile, sodium nitrate appeared to be the preferable nitrogen source, resulting in a RL production of 8.6g/L. Using NaNO(3) as the nitrogen source, an optimal C/N ratio of 26 and 52 was obtained for glucose- and glycerol-based culture, respectively. To further optimize the composition of fermentation medium, twenty experiments were designed by response surface methodology (RSM) to explore the favorable concentration of three critical components in the medium (i.e., glucose, glycerol, and NaNO(3)). The RSM analysis gave an optimal concentration of 30.5, 18.1, and 4.9 g/L for glucose, glycerol, and NaNO(3), respectively, predicting a maximum RL yield of 12.6 g/L, which is 47% higher than the best yield (8.6 g/L) obtained from preliminary selection tests and single factor experiments (glucose and NaNO(3) as the carbon and nitrogen source). The NMR and mass spectrometry analysis show that the purified RL product contained L-rhamnosyl-beta-hydroxydecanoyl-beta-hydroxydecanoate (RL1) and L-rhamnosyl L-rhamnosyl-beta-hydroxydecanoyl-beta-hydroxydecanoate (RL2). Meanwhile, HPLC analysis indicates that the molar ratio of RL1 and RL2 in the purified rhamnolipid product was ca. 1:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane-Yii Wu
- Department and Graduate Program of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Chang-Hua, Taiwan
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11
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Suresh Kumar A, Mody K, Jha B. Evaluation of biosurfactant/bioemulsifier production by a marine bacterium. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 79:617-621. [PMID: 17924042 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Planococcus maitriensis Anita I (NCBI GenBank Accession number EF467308) was tested for its biosurfactant/bioemulsifying efficacy. The crude extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) produced by this bacterium contained carbohydrate (12.06%), protein (24.44%), uronic acid (11%) and sulfate (3.03%). The oil spreading potential of this EPS was comparable to Triton X100 and Tween 80. This exopolymer emulsified xylene more efficiently as compared to few standard gums. It also formed stable emulsions (E (1,080)=100) with jatropha, paraffin and silicone oils. The cell free supernatant of this bacterium successfully reduced the surface tension (from 72 to 46.07 mN m(-1)). It also decreased interfacial tension of hexane and xylene. Based on the emulsifying and tensiometric properties, this bacterium or its exopolymer could be used for bioremediation, enhanced oil recovery and in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Suresh Kumar
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
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Brichkova GG, Shishlova AM, Maneshina TV, Kartel’ NA. Tolerance to aluminum in genetically modified tobacco plants. CYTOL GENET+ 2007. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452707030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Potential for remediation of water repellent soils by inoculation with wax-degrading bacteria in south-western Australia. Biologia (Bratisl) 2006. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-006-0189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Rhamnolipid production by indigenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa J4 originating from petrochemical wastewater. Biochem Eng J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Youssef NH, Duncan KE, Nagle DP, Savage KN, Knapp RM, McInerney MJ. Comparison of methods to detect biosurfactant production by diverse microorganisms. J Microbiol Methods 2004; 56:339-47. [PMID: 14967225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2003.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Revised: 11/03/2003] [Accepted: 11/03/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Three methods to detect biosurfactant production, drop collapse, oil spreading, and blood agar lysis, were compared for their ease of use and reliability in relation to the ability of the cultures to reduce surface tension. The three methods were used to test for biosurfactant production in 205 environmental strains with different phylogenetic affiliations. Surface tension of select strains that gave conflicting results with the above three methods was also measured. Sixteen percent of the strains that lysed blood agar tested negative for biosurfactant production with the other two methods and had little reduction in surface tension (values above 60 mN/m). Thirty eight percent of the strains that did not lyse blood agar tested positive for biosurfactant production with the other two methods and had surface tension values as low as 35 mN/m. There was a very strong, negative, linear correlation between the diameter of clear zone obtained with the oil spreading technique and surface tension (rs = -0.959) and a weaker negative correlation between drop collapse method and surface tension (rs = -0.82), suggesting that the oil spreading technique better predicted biosurfactant production than the drop collapse method. The use of the drop collapse method as a primary method to detect biosurfactant producers, followed by the determination of the biosurfactant concentration using the oil spreading technique, constitutes a quick and easy protocol to screen and quantify biosurfactant production. The large number of false negatives and positives obtained with the blood agar lysis method and its poor correlation to surface tension (rs = -0.15) demonstrated that it is not a reliable method to detect biosurfactant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha H Youssef
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, 770 Van Vleet Oval Norman, OK 73019, USA
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Bach H, Berdichevsky Y, Gutnick D. An exocellular protein from the oil-degrading microbe Acinetobacter venetianus RAG-1 enhances the emulsifying activity of the polymeric bioemulsifier emulsan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:2608-15. [PMID: 12732528 PMCID: PMC154541 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.5.2608-2615.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2002] [Accepted: 01/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oil-degrading microorganism Acinetobacter venetianus RAG-1 produces an extracellular polyanionic, heteropolysaccharide bioemulsifier termed emulsan. Emulsan forms and stabilizes oil-water emulsions with a variety of hydrophobic substrates. Removal of the protein fraction yields a product, apoemulsan, which exhibits much lower emulsifying activity on hydrophobic substrates such as n-hexadecane. One of the key proteins associated with the emulsan complex is a cell surface esterase. The esterase (molecular mass, 34.5 kDa) was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) behind the phage T7 promoter with the His tag system. After overexpression, about 80 to 90% of the protein was found in inclusion bodies. The overexpressed esterase was recovered from the inclusion bodies by solubilization with deoxycholate and, after slow dialysis, was purified by metal chelation affinity chromatography. Mixtures containing apoemulsan and either the catalytically active soluble form of the recombinant esterase isolated from cell extracts or the solubilized inactive form of the enzyme recovered from the inclusion bodies formed stable oil-water emulsions with very hydrophobic substrates such as hexadecane under conditions in which emulsan itself was ineffective. Similarly, a series of esterase-defective mutants were generated by site-directed mutagenesis, cloned, and overexpressed in E. coli. Mutant proteins defective in catalytic activity as well as others apparently affected in protein conformation were also active in enhancing the apoemulsan-mediated emulsifying activity. Other proteins, including a His-tagged overexpressed esterase from the related organism Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BD4, showed no enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Bach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Noordman WH, Janssen DB. Rhamnolipid stimulates uptake of hydrophobic compounds by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:4502-8. [PMID: 12200306 PMCID: PMC124127 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.9.4502-4508.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodegradation of hexadecane by five biosurfactant-producing bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG1, Rhodococcus erythropolis DSM 43066, R. erythropolis ATCC 19558, and strain BCG112) was determined in the presence and absence of exogenously added biosurfactants. The degradation of hexadecane by P. aeruginosa was stimulated only by the rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by the same organism. This rhamnolipid did not stimulate the biodegradation of hexadecane by the four other strains to the same extent, nor was degradation of hexadecane by these strains stimulated by addition of their own biosurfactants. This suggests that P. aeruginosa has a mode of hexadecane uptake different from those of the other organisms. Rhamnolipid also enhanced the rate of epoxidation of the aliphatic hydrocarbon alpha,omega-tetradecadiene by a cell suspension of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the uptake of the hydrophobic probe 1-naphthylphenylamine by cells of P. aeruginosa was enhanced by rhamnolipid, as indicated by stopped-flow fluorescence experiments. Rhamnolipid did not stimulate the uptake rate of this probe in de-energized cells. These results indicate that an energy-dependent system is present in P. aeruginosa strain UG2 that mediates fast uptake of hydrophobic compounds in the presence of rhamnolipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter H Noordman
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Noordman WH, Wachter JHJ, de Boer GJ, Janssen DB. The enhancement by surfactants of hexadecane degradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa varies with substrate availability. J Biotechnol 2002; 94:195-212. [PMID: 11796172 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa influences various processes related to hydrocarbon degradation. However, degradation can only be enhanced by the surfactant when it stimulates a process that is rate limiting under the applied conditions. Therefore we determined how rhamnolipid influences hexadecane degradation by P. aeruginosa UG2 under conditions differing in hexadecane availability. The rate of hexadecane degradation in shake flask cultures was lower for hexadecane entrapped in a matrix with 6 nm pores (silica 60) or in quartz sand than for hexadecane immobilized in matrices with pore sizes larger than 300 nm or for hexadecane present as a separate liquid phase. This indicates that the availability of hexadecane decreased with decreasing pore size under these conditions. The rate-limiting step for hexadecane entrapped in silica 60 was the mass transfer of substrate from the matrix to the bulk liquid phase, whereas for hexadecane present as a second liquid phase it was the uptake of the substrate by the cells. Hexadecane degradation in batch incubations was accelerated by the addition of rhamnolipid or other surfactants in all experiments except in those where hexadecane was entrapped in silica 60, indicating that the surfactants stimulated uptake of hexadecane by the cells. Since rhamnolipid stimulated the degradation rate in batch experiments to a greater extent than any of the other 14 surfactants tested, hexadecane uptake was apparently more enhanced by rhamnolipid than by the other surfactants. Although rhamnolipid did not stimulate the release of hexadecane from silica 60 under conditions of intense agitation, it significantly enhanced this rate during column experiments in the absence of strain UG2. The results demonstrate that rhamnolipid enhances degradation by stimulating release of entrapped substrate in column studies under conditions of low agitation and by stimulating uptake of substrate by the cells, especially when degradation is not limited by release of substrate from the matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter H Noordman
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Meylheuc T, van Oss CJ, Bellon-Fontaine MN. Adsorption of biosurfactant on solid surfaces and consequences regarding the bioadhesion of Listeria monocytogenes LO28. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 91:822-32. [PMID: 11722659 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The influence of biosurfactant compounds produced by a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes LO28 to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and AISI 304 stainless steel surfaces was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The biosurfactant was produced according to a simple, novel technique based on cultivation on nutrient agar. Adhesion studies were performed using L. monocytogenes cells cultured at 20 or 37 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS A substrate-dependent behaviour of the LO28 strain (larger number of cells adhering to stainless steel than to PTFE), and a significant reduction (< 90%) in microbial adhesion levels through the prior adsorption of biosurfactants on stainless steel surfaces, which can be related to a change in the electron-donor characteristics of this substratum, was demonstrated. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The prior adsorption of biosurfactants on solid surfaces may constitute a new and effective means of combating the implantation of pathogenic micro-organisms in food processing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Meylheuc
- Unité de Recherche en Bioadhésion et Hygiène des Matériaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Massy, France.
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Abstract
Soil pollution, a very important environmental problem, has been attracting considerable public attention over the last decades. Unfortunately, the enormous costs associated with the removal of pollutants from soils by means of traditional physicochemical methods have been encouraging companies to ignore the problem. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants to clean up pollutants in the environment. As overwhelmingly positive results have become available regarding the ability of plants to degrade certain organic compounds, more and more people are getting involved in the phytoremediation of organic contaminants. Phytoremediation of organics appears a very promising technology for the removal of these contaminants from polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Alkorta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
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Mata-Sandoval JC, Karns J, Torrents A. Effect of nutritional and environmental conditions on the production and composition of rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa UG2. Microbiol Res 2001; 155:249-56. [PMID: 11297354 DOI: 10.1016/s0944-5013(01)80001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The production of rhamnolipid biosurfactants by P. aeruginosa UG2 was examined under different culture conditions. Rhamnolipid yield was affected by the nature of the carbon sources, the nutrient concentrations, pH, and age of the culture. Hydrophobic substrates like corn oil, lard (rich in unsaturated and saturated fat), and long chain alcohols maximized biosurfactant production (100-165 mg/g substrate). Hydrophilic substrates like glucose, and succinic acid delivered poor yields (12-36 mg/g substrate). Rhamnolipid production was greater when N as (NH4)(2)SO4 and trace metals were added in several periodic doses rather than at the beginning of the process. Increased biosurfactant production was seen in cultures maintained at neutral pH relative to cultures allowed to develop acidic conditions (pH = 6.25). Although the level of rhamnolipid production was affected by culture conditions, the distribution of rhamnolipid subspecies did not vary between cultures. A dirhamnolipid species containing two 10 carbon alpha-hydroxy fatty acids [Rh2C10C10] was the most abundant in the mixtures (60.6 mol%), while the levels of the monorhamnolipid [RhC10C10] (20.7 mol%) and two dirhamnolipids [Rh2C10C12 and its dehydro variant Rh2C10C12-H2] (18.7 mol%) were similar. Biosurfactant mixtures produced with corn oil as sole carbon source solubilized the herbicide trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamine] to a greater extent. This suggests that the presence of incompletely metabolized hydrophobic by-products acting as co-solvents can increase the solubilization capacity of biosurfactant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Mata-Sandoval
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, 20742, USA
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Mata-Sandoval JC, Karns J, Torrents A. High-performance liquid chromatography method for the characterization of rhamnolipid mixtures produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2 on corn oil. J Chromatogr A 1999; 864:211-20. [PMID: 10669288 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A HPLC method was developed to quantify rhamnolipid species in a bacterial biosurfactant mixture. The biosurfactant mixtures containing mainly 3-[3'-(L-rhamnopyranosyl-oxy)decanoyloxy]decanoic acid (RhC10C10), 3-[3'-(2'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-oxy)decanoyloxy]decanoic acid (Rh2C10C10), 3-[3'-(2'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-oxy)decanoyloxy]dodecanoic acid (Rh2C10C12), and a dehydrogenated variety of the latter, 3-[3'-(2'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-oxy)decanoyloxy]dodecenoic acid (Rh2C10C12-H2), were isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2 cultures grown on corn oil as sole carbon. The rhamnolipid species were identified and quantified after their derivatization to the corresponding phenacyl esters. To confirm the reliability of the HPLC method, the biosurfactant mixtures and the HPLC isolated species were further analyzed. Mass spectroscopy (electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization techniques) was used to confirm their molecular mass, gas chromatography to verify their fatty acid content, and a colorimetric assay to quantify the rhamnose content.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Mata-Sandoval
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, 20742, USA
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Morgan JA, Bellingham NF, Winstanley C, Ousley MA, Hart CA, Saunders JR. Comparison of flagellin genes from clinical and environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:1175-9. [PMID: 10049879 PMCID: PMC91160 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.3.1175-1179.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important opportunistic pathogen, was isolated from environmental samples and compared to clinically derived strains. While P. aeruginosa was isolated readily from an experimental mushroom-growing unit, it was found only rarely in other environmental samples. A flagellin gene PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the isolates revealed that environmental and clinical P. aeruginosa strains are not readily distinguishable. The variation in the central regions of the flagellin genes of seven of the isolates was investigated further. The strains used included two strains with type a genes (998 bp), four strains with type b genes (1,258 bp), and one strain, K979, with a novel flagellin gene (2,199 bp). The route by which flagellin gene variation has occurred in P. aeruginosa is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Morgan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Contaminated soils and waters pose a major environmental and human health problem, which may be partially solved by the emerging phytoremediation technology. This cost-effective plant-based approach to remediation takes advantage of the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and to metabolize various molecules in their tissues. Toxic heavy metals and organic pollutants are the major targets for phytoremediation. In recent years, knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms of phytoremediation began to emerge together with biological and engineering strategies designed to optimize and improve phytoremediation. In addition, several field trials confirmed the feasibility of using plants for environmental cleanup. This review concentrates on the most developed subsets of phytoremediation technology and on the biological mechanisms that make phytoremediation work.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Salt
- AgBiotech Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0231;, 1Present address: Chemistry Department, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86071-5698;, 2Present address: De Kalb Genetics Corporation, 62 Maritime Drive, Mystic, Connecticut 06355-1958; e-mail:
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Application of a modified drop-collapse technique for surfactant quantitation and screening of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms. J Microbiol Methods 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(98)00031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Phenanthrene mineralization by Pseudomonas sp. UG14. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1995; 11:271-9. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00367097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/17/1994] [Accepted: 11/21/1994] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Volkering F, Breure AM, van Andel JG, Rulkens WH. Influence of nonionic surfactants on bioavailability and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:1699-705. [PMID: 16535016 PMCID: PMC1388434 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.5.1699-1705.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of the synthetic nonionic surfactants Triton X-100, Tergitol NPX, Brij 35, and Igepal CA-720 resulted not only in increased apparent solubilities but also in increased maximal rates of dissolution of crystalline naphthalene and phenanthrene. A model based on the assumption that surfactant micelles are formed and act as a separate phase underestimated the dissolution rates; this led to the conclusion that surfactants present at concentrations higher than the critical micelle concentration affect the dissolution process. This conclusion was confirmed by the results of batch growth experiments, which showed that the rates of biodegradation of naphthalene and phenanthrene in the dissolution-limited growth phase were increased by the addition of surfactant, indicating that the dissolution rates were higher than the rates in the absence of surfactant. In activity and growth experiments, no toxic effects of the surfactants at concentrations up to 10 g liter(sup-1) were observed. Substrate present in the micellar phase was shown to be not readily available for degradation by the microorganisms. This finding has important consequences for the application of (bio)surfactants in biological soil remediation.
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Providenti MA, Flemming CA, Lee H, Trevors JT. Effect of addition of rhamnolipid biosurfactants or rhamnolipid-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa on phenanthrene mineralization in soil slurries. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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England LS, Lee H, Trevors JT. Recombinant and wild-type Pseudomonas aureofaciens strains introduced into soil microcosms: effect on decomposition of cellulose and straw. Mol Ecol 1995; 4:221-30. [PMID: 7735525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.1995.tb00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a genetically engineered Pseudomonas aureofaciens (Ps3732RNL11) strain (GEM) and the parental wild-type (Ps3732RN) on decomposition of cellulose paper, straw and calico cloth was assessed after 18 weeks incubation in laboratory soil microcosms. Effect(s) of inoculum density (10(3), 10(5), and 10(8) cells/g dry soil) and single versus multiple bacterial inoculations were also investigated. Cellulose paper was completely decomposed after 18 weeks in all treatments. There were no significant differences (95% level), between treatments, in percentage decomposition of either straw or calico cloth. Recovery of the GEM at 18 weeks, using viable plating, was limited to treatments originally receiving 10(8) cells/g dry soil. Log 1.8 CFU/g dry soil were recovered from the single dose treatment while log 4.2 CFU/g dry soil were recovered from the multiple dose treatment. Biolog metabolic tests were used to determine if the GEM or parental wild-type had any effect on overall carbon utilization in soil. Results suggested they did not. Detection of the recombinant lacZY gene sequence in soil using PCR suggested the possibility of viable but nonculturable cells and/or persistence of chromosomal DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S England
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Banat IM. Characterization of biosurfactants and their use in pollution removal - State of the Art. (Review). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370150302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hardegger M, Koch AK, Ochsner UA, Fiechter A, Reiser J. Cloning and heterologous expression of a gene encoding an alkane-induced extracellular protein involved in alkane assimilation from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:3679-87. [PMID: 7986042 PMCID: PMC201873 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.10.3679-3687.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PG201 produces a 16-kDa extracellular protein in media containing n-hexadecane as a carbon source but not in media containing glycerol or glucose. This protein was purified, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined. The amino acid composition of the protein was found to be very similar to that of the so-called protein-like activator for n-alkane oxidation (PA) from P. aeruginosa S7B1. This extracellular protein was previously characterized (K. Hisatsuka, T. Nakahara, Y. Minoda, and K. Yamada, Agric. Biol. Chem. 41:445-450, 1977) and found to stimulate the growth of P. aeruginosa on n-hexadecane and to possess emulsifying activity. To study the role(s) of the PA protein and to make it accessible for possible future applications, we have cloned the PA-encoding (pra) gene and determined its nucleotide sequence. This analysis revealed a protein-coding region of 162 amino acids, with the first 25 residues being reminiscent of those of a typical bacterial signal sequence. The pra gene was inactivated by insertional mutagenesis, and the resulting strain was found to lack extracellular PA protein and to be retarded in its growth in n-hexadecane-containing media. These results are consistent with the growth stimulatory role of the PA protein. The pra gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and substantial amounts of the recombinant protein were found in the extracellular growth medium. The recombinant protein was purified by metal chelate affinity chromatography. The ability to produce secreted PA protein by E. coli provides a simple and safe means to analyze its function(s) in alkane assimilation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hardegger
- Institut für Biotechnologie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH-Hönggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland
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Providenti MA, Lee H, Trevors JT. Selected factors limiting the microbial degradation of recalcitrant compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01569669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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ENGLAND LS, LEE H, TREVORS JT. Recombinant and wild-type Pseudomonas aureofaciens strains in soil: survival, respiratory activity and effects on nodulation of whitebean Phaseolus vulgaris L. by Rhizobiutn species. Mol Ecol 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.1993.tb00023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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