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Yan Y, Lee J, Han IL, Wang Z, Li G, McCullough K, Klaus S, Kang D, Wang D, Patel A, McQuarrie J, Stinson BM, deBarbadillo C, Dombrowski P, Bott C, Gu AZ. Comammox and unknown ammonia oxidizers contribute to nitrite accumulation in an integrated A-B stage process that incorporates side-stream EBPR (S2EBPR). WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121220. [PMID: 38341969 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
A novel integrated pilot-scale A-stage high rate activated sludge, B-stage short-cut biological nitrogen removal and side-stream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (A/B-shortcut N-S2EBPR) process for treating municipal wastewater was demonstrated with the aim to achieve simultaneous and carbon- and energy-efficient N and P removal. In this studied period, an average of 7.62 ± 2.17 mg-N/L nitrite accumulation was achieved through atypical partial nitrification without canonical known NOB out-selection. Network analysis confirms the central hub of microbial community as Nitrospira, which was one to two orders of magnitude higher than canonical aerobic oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in a B-stage nitrification tank. The contribution of comammox Nitrospira as AOB was evidenced by the increased amoB/nxr ratio and higher ammonia oxidation activity. Furthermore, oligotyping analysis of Nitrospira revealed two dominant sub-clusters (microdiveristy) within the Nitrospira. The relative abundance of oligotype II, which is phylogenetically close to Nitrospira_midas_s_31566, exhibited a positive correlation with nitrite accumulation in the same operational period, suggesting its role as comammox Nitrospira. Additionally, the phylogenetic investigation suggested that heterotrophic organisms from the family Comamonadacea and the order Rhodocyclaceae embedding ammonia monooxygenase and hydroxylamine oxidase may function as heterotrophic nitrifiers. This is the first study that elucidated the impact of integrating the S2EBPR on nitrifying populations with implications on short-cut N removal. The unique conditions in the side-stream reactor, such as low ORP, favorable VFA concentrations and composition, seemed to exert different selective forces on nitrifying populations from those in conventional biological nutrient removal processes. The results provide new insights for integrating EBPR with short-cut N removal process for mainstream wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Jangho Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - I L Han
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Zijian Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Guangyu Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Kester McCullough
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA 23454, United States; modelEAU, Département de génie civil et de génie des eaux, Université Laval, 1065 av. de la Médecine, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Klaus
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA 23454, United States
| | - Da Kang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States; Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Anand Patel
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Jim McQuarrie
- Denver Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, Denver, CO 80229, United States
| | | | - Christine deBarbadillo
- District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, District of Columbia, 5000 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20032, United States
| | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA 23454, United States.
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States.
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Qin YL, Liang ZL, Ai GM, Liu WF, Tao Y, Jiang CY, Liu SJ, Li DF. Heterotrophic nitrification by Alcaligenes faecalis links organic and inorganic nitrogen metabolism. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae174. [PMID: 39255373 PMCID: PMC11440038 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Heterotrophic nitrification remains a mystery for decades. It has been commonly hypothesized that heterotrophic nitrifiers oxidize ammonia to hydroxylamine and then to nitrite in a way similar to autotrophic AOA and AOB. Recently, heterotrophic nitrifiers from Alcaligenes were found to oxidize ammonia to hydroxylamine and then to N2 ("dirammox", direct ammonia oxidation) by the gene cluster dnfABC with a yet-to-be-reported mechanism. The role of a potential glutamine amidotransferase DnfC clues the heterotrophic ammonia oxidation might involving in glutamine. Here, we found Alcaligenes faecalis JQ135 could oxidize amino acids besides ammonia. We discovered that glutamine is an intermediate of the dirammox pathway and the glutamine synthetase gene glnA is essential for both A. faecalis JQ135 and the Escherichia coli cells harboring dnfABC gene cluster to oxidize amino acids and ammonia. Our study expands understanding of heterotrophic nitrifiers and challenges the classical paradigm of heterotrophic nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Huairou District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Huairou District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Min Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Huairou District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Huairou District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Huairou District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - De-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Huairou District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Tsujino S, Masuda R, Shimizu Y, Azuma Y, Kanada Y, Fujiwara T. Phylogenetic diversity, distribution, and gene structure of the pyruvic oxime dioxygenase involved in heterotrophic nitrification. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:1037-1055. [PMID: 37596503 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Some heterotrophic microorganisms carry out nitrification to produce nitrite and nitrate from pyruvic oxime. Pyruvic oxime dioxygenase (POD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of pyruvic oxime to pyruvate and nitrite from the heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis. Sequence similarity searches revealed the presence of genes encoding proteins homologous to A. faecalis POD in bacteria of the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria and in fungi of the phylum Ascomycota, and their gene products were confirmed to have POD activity in recombinant experiments. Phylogenetic analysis further classified these POD homologs into three groups. Group 1 POD is mainly found in heterotrophic nitrifying Betaproteobacteria and fungi, and is assumed to be involved in heterotrophic nitrification. It is not clear whether group 2 POD, found mainly in species of the Gammaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and group 3 POD, found simultaneously with group 1 POD, are involved in heterotrophic nitrification. The genes of bacterial group 1 POD comprised a single transcription unit with the genes related to the metabolism of aromatic compounds, and many of the genes group 2 POD consisted of a single transcription unit with the gene encoding the protein homologous to 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase (DapA). LysR- or Cro/CI-type regulatory genes were present adjacent to or in the vicinity of these POD gene clusters. POD may be involved not only in nitrification, but also in certain metabolic processes whose functions are currently unknown, in coordination with members of gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Tsujino
- Department of Environment and Energy Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Oh-ya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ryota Masuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Oh-ya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shimizu
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Oh-ya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yuichi Azuma
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Oh-ya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kanada
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Oh-ya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Taketomo Fujiwara
- Department of Environment and Energy Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Oh-ya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Oh-ya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Oh-ya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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Gene expression analysis of Alcaligenes faecalis during induction of heterotrophic nitrification. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23105. [PMID: 34845321 PMCID: PMC8629993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcaligenes faecalis is a heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium that oxidizes ammonia and generates nitrite and nitrate. When A. faecalis was cultivated in a medium containing pyruvate and ammonia as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, high concentrations of nitrite accumulated in the medium whose carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was lower than 10 during the exponential growth phase, while the accumulation was not observed in the medium whose C/N ratio was higher than 15. Comparative transcriptome analysis was performed using nitrifying and non-nitrifying cells of A. faecalis cultivated in media whose C/N ratios were 5 and 20, respectively, to evaluate the fluctuations of gene expression during induction of heterotrophic nitrification. Expression levels of genes involved in primary metabolism did not change significantly in the cells at the exponential growth phase under both conditions. We observed a significant increase in the expression levels of four gene clusters: pod cluster containing the gene encoding pyruvic oxime dioxygenase (POD), podh cluster containing the gene encoding a POD homolog (PODh), suf cluster involved in an iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, and dnf cluster involved in a novel hydroxylamine oxidation pathway in the nitrifying cells. Our results provide valuable insight into the biochemical mechanism of heterotrophic nitrification.
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Flood BE, Louw DC, Van der Plas AK, Bailey JV. Giant sulfur bacteria (Beggiatoaceae) from sediments underlying the Benguela upwelling system host diverse microbiomes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258124. [PMID: 34818329 PMCID: PMC8612568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their lithotrophic metabolisms, morphological complexity and conspicuous appearance, members of the Beggiatoaceae have been extensively studied for more than 100 years. These bacteria are known to be primarily sulfur-oxidizing autotrophs that commonly occur in dense mats at redox interfaces. Their large size and the presence of a mucous sheath allows these cells to serve as sites of attachment for communities of other microorganisms. But little is known about their individual niche preferences and attached microbiomes, particularly in marine environments, due to a paucity of cultivars and their prevalence in habitats that are difficult to access and study. Therefore, in this study, we compare Beggiatoaceae strain composition, community composition, and geochemical profiles collected from sulfidic sediments at four marine stations off the coast of Namibia. To elucidate community members that were directly attached and enriched in both filamentous Beggiatoaceae, namely Ca. Marithioploca spp. and Ca. Maribeggiatoa spp., as well as non-filamentous Beggiatoaceae, Ca. Thiomargarita spp., the Beggiatoaceae were pooled by morphotype for community analysis. The Beggiatoaceae samples collected from a highly sulfidic site were enriched in strains of sulfur-oxidizing Campylobacterota, that may promote a more hospitable setting for the Beggiatoaceae, which are known to have a lower tolerance for high sulfide to oxygen ratios. We found just a few host-specific associations with the motile filamentous morphotypes. Conversely, we detected 123 host specific enrichments with non-motile chain forming Beggiatoaceae. Potential metabolisms of the enriched strains include fermentation of host sheath material, syntrophic exchange of H2 and acetate, inorganic sulfur metabolism, and nitrite oxidation. Surprisingly, we did not detect any enrichments of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria as previously suggested and postulate that less well-studied anaerobic ammonium oxidation pathways may be occurring instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly E. Flood
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Deon C. Louw
- National Marine Information and Research Centre, Swakopmund, Namibia
| | | | - Jake V. Bailey
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, United States of America
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Effect of Geobacillus toebii GT-02 addition on composition transformations and microbial community during thermophilic fermentation of bean dregs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19949. [PMID: 34620903 PMCID: PMC8497473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bean dregs can be prepared into organic fertilizer by microbial fermentation. Geobacillus toebii GT-02, which has promoting effect on bean dregs fermentation, was isolated from horse dung and it grows within a range of 40–75 °C and pH 6.50–9.50. The effectiveness of GT-02 addition on composition transformations and the microbial community in bean dregs thermophilic fermentation at 70 °C for 5 days was investigated (T1). Fermentation of bean dregs without GT-02 served as control (CK). The results showed that T1 (the germination index (GI) = 95.06%) and CK (GI = 86.42%) reached maturity (defined by GI ≥ 85%) on day 3 and day 5, respectively. In addition, the total nitrogen loss of T1 (18.46%) on day 3 was lower than that in CK (24.12%). After thermophilic fermentation, the total organic carbon and dry matter loss of T1 (53.51% and 54.16%) was higher than that in CK (41.72% and 42.82%). The mean microbial number in T1 was 4.94 × 107 CFUs/g dry matter, which was 5.37 times higher than that in CK. 16S rDNA sequencing identified Bacillus, Geobacillus and Thermobacillus as dominant in CK, while Bacillus, Ammoniibacillus and Geobacillus were dominant in T1. A canonical correspondence analysis showed that Geobacillus and Ammoniibacillus were positively correlated with the GI. Thus, thermophilic fermentation with GT-02 can promote the maturity of bean dregs, which indicated the potential application value of GT-02 in thermophilic fermentation.
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Silva LCF, Lima HS, Mendes TADO, Sartoratto A, Sousa MP, de Souza RS, de Paula SO, de Oliveira VM, Silva CC. Physicochemical characterization of Pseudomonas stutzeri UFV5 and analysis of its transcriptome under heterotrophic nitrification/aerobic denitrification pathway induction condition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2215. [PMID: 32042029 PMCID: PMC7010759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological ammonium removal via heterotrophic nitrification/aerobic denitrification (HN/AD) presents several advantages in relation to conventional removal processes, but little is known about the microorganisms and metabolic pathways involved in this process. In this study, Pseudomonas stutzeri UFV5 was isolated from an activated sludge sample from oil wastewater treatment station and its ammonium removal via HN/AD was investigated by physicochemical and molecular approaches to better understand this process and optimize the biological ammonium removal in wastewater treatment plants. Results showed that P. stutzeri UFV5 removed all the ammonium in 48–72 hours using pyruvate, acetate, citrate or sodium succinate as carbon sources, C/N ratios 6, 8, 10 and 12, 3–6% salinities, pH 7–9 and temperatures of 20–40 °C. Comparative genomics and PCR revealed that genes encoding the enzymes involved in anaerobic denitrification process are present in P. stutzeri genome, but no gene that encodes enzymes involved in autotrophic nitrification was found. Furthermore, transcriptomics showed that none of the known enzymes of autotrophic nitrification and anaerobic denitrification had their expression differentiated and an upregulation of the biosynthesis machinery and protein translation was observed, besides several genes with unknown function, indicating a non-conventional mechanism involved in HN/AD process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Santiago Lima
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Adilson Sartoratto
- Pluridisciplinary Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Research, Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Maira Paula Sousa
- Petrobras - Research and Development Center (CENPES), Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-915, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Suhett de Souza
- Petrobras - Research and Development Center (CENPES), Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-915, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Oliveira de Paula
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Valéria Maia de Oliveira
- Pluridisciplinary Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Research, Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Canedo Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Yang Y, Lin E, Huang S. Heterotrophic nitrogen removal in Bacillus sp. K5: involvement of a novel hydroxylamine oxidase. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:3461-3467. [PMID: 29236024 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An aerobic denitrifying bacterium isolated from a bio-trickling filter treating NOx, Bacillus sp. K5, is able to convert ammonium to nitrite, in which hydroxylamine oxidase (HAO) plays a critical role. In the present study, the performance for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was investigated with batch experiments and an HAO was purified by an anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography from strain K5. The purified HAO's molecular mass was determined by SDS-PAGE and its activity by measuring the change in the concentration of ferricyanide, the electron acceptor. Results showed that as much as 87.8 mg L-1 ammonium-N was removed without nitrite accumulation within 24 hours in the sodium citrate medium at C/N of 15. The HAO isolated from the strain K5 was approximately 71 KDa. With hydroxylamine (NH2OH) as a substrate and potassium ferricyanide as an electron acceptor, the enzyme was capable of oxidizing NH2OH to nitrite in vitro when the pH varied from 7 to 9 and temperature ranged from 25 °C to 40 °C. This is the first time that an HAO has been purified from the Bacillus genus, and the findings revealed that it is distinctive in its molecular mass and enzyme properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ershu Lin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaobin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510006, China and School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China E-mail:
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Velusamy K, Krishnani KK. Heterotrophic Nitrifying and Oxygen Tolerant Denitrifying Bacteria from Greenwater System of Coastal Aquaculture. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1978-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chen Q, Ni J. Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification by novel isolated bacteria. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:1305-10. [PMID: 21113643 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Three novel strains capable of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification were isolated from the landfill leachate treatment system. Based on their phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the isolates were identified as Agrobacterium sp. LAD9, Achromobacter sp. GAD3 and Comamonas sp. GAD4, respectively. Batch tests were carried out to evaluate the growth and the ammonia removal patterns. The maximum growth rates as determined from the growth curve were 0.286, 0.228, and 0.433 h(-1) for LAD9, GAD3 and GAD4, respectively. The maximum aerobic nitrification-denitrification rate was achieved by the strain GAD4 of 0.381 mmol/l h, followed by LAD9 of 0.374 mmol/l h and GAD3 of 0.346 mmol/l h. Moreover, hydroxylamine oxidase and periplasmic nitrate reductase were successfully expressed in all the isolates. The relationship between the enzyme activities and the aerobic nitrification-denitrification rates revealed that hydroxylamine oxidation may be the rate-limiting step in the heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification process. The study results are of great significance to the wastewater treatment systems where simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, China
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Quinoline biodegradation and its nitrogen transformation pathway by a Pseudomonas sp. strain. Biodegradation 2009; 21:335-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-009-9304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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