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Abente EJ, Kitikoon P, Lager KM, Gauger PC, Anderson TK, Vincent AL. A highly pathogenic avian-derived influenza virus H5N1 with 2009 pandemic H1N1 internal genes demonstrates increased replication and transmission in pigs. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:18-30. [PMID: 28206909 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the pathogenicity and transmissibility of a reverse-genetics-derived highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 lineage influenza A virus that was isolated from a human, A/Iraq/755/06. We also examined surface gene reassortant viruses composed of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase from A/Iraq/755/06 and the internal genes of a 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, A/New York/18/2009 (2Iraq/06 : 6NY/09 H5N1), and haemagglutinin and neuraminidase from A/New York/18/2009 with the internal genes of A/Iraq/755/06 (2NY/09 : 6Iraq/06 H1N1). The parental A/Iraq/755/06 caused little to no lesions in swine, limited virus replication was observed in the upper respiratory and lower respiratory tracts and transmission was detected in 3/5 direct-contact pigs based on seroconversion, detection of viral RNA or virus isolation. In contrast, the 2Iraq/06 : 6NY/09 H5N1 reassortant caused mild lung lesions, demonstrated sustained virus replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and transmitted to all contacts (5/5). The 2NY/09 : 6Iraq/06 H1N1 reassortant also caused mild lung lesions, there was evidence of virus replication in the upper respiratory and lower respiratory tracts and transmission was detected in all contacts (5/5). These studies indicate that an HPAI-derived H5N1 reassortant with pandemic internal genes may be more successful in sustaining infection in swine and that HPAI-derived internal genes were marginally compatible with pandemic 2009 H1N1 surface genes. Comprehensive surveillance in swine is critical to identify a possible emerging HPAI reassortant in all regions with HPAI in wild birds and poultry and H1N1pdm09 in pigs or other susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio J Abente
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Pravina Kitikoon
- Present address: Merck Animal Health, De Soto, Kansas, USA.,Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kelly M Lager
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Phillip C Gauger
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Tavis K Anderson
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Amy L Vincent
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, USA
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2
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Yoon A, Yi KS, Chang SY, Kim SH, Song M, Choi JA, Bourgeois M, Hossain MJ, Chen LM, Donis RO, Kim H, Lee Y, Hwang DB, Min JY, Chang SJ, Chung J. An Anti-Influenza Virus Antibody Inhibits Viral Infection by Reducing Nucleus Entry of Influenza Nucleoprotein. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141312. [PMID: 26512723 PMCID: PMC4626144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, four main mechanisms mediating inhibition of influenza infection by anti-hemagglutinin antibodies have been reported. Anti-globular-head-domain antibodies block either influenza virus receptor binding to the host cell or progeny virion release from the host cell. Anti-stem region antibodies hinder the membrane fusion process or induce antibody-dependent cytotoxicity to infected cells. In this study we identified a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody (CT302), which does not inhibit both the receptor binding and the membrane fusion process but efficiently reduced the nucleus entry of viral nucleoprotein suggesting a novel inhibition mechanism of viral infection by antibody. This antibody binds to the subtype-H3 hemagglutinin globular head domain of group-2 influenza viruses circulating throughout the population between 1997 and 2007.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Affinity/immunology
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitope Mapping/methods
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/immunology
- Ferrets
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neutralization Tests
- Nucleoproteins/metabolism
- Orthomyxoviridae/physiology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Sequence Alignment
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Aerin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kye Sook Yi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc., Incheon, South Korea
| | | | - Sung Hwan Kim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc., Incheon, South Korea
| | - Manki Song
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Ah Choi
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Melissa Bourgeois
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - M. Jaber Hossain
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Li-Mei Chen
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ruben O. Donis
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Hyori Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujean Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Been Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Min
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JC); (SJC); (JYM)
| | - Shin Jae Chang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc., Incheon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JC); (SJC); (JYM)
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JC); (SJC); (JYM)
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3
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Schmidt C, Cibulski SP, Andrade CP, Teixeira TF, Varela APM, Scheffer CM, Franco AC, de Almeida LL, Roehe PM. Swine Influenza Virus and Association with the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex in Pig Farms in Southern Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health 2015; 63:234-40. [PMID: 26302164 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the putative endemic status of swine influenza A virus (swIAV) infections, data on the occurrence of swine influenza outbreaks are scarce in Brazil. The aim of this study was to detect and subtype swIAVs from six outbreaks of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) in southern Brazil. Nasal swabs were collected from 66 piglets with signs of respiratory disease in six herds. Lung tissue samples were collected from six necropsied animals. Virus detection was performed by PCR screening and confirmed by virus isolation and hemagglutination (HA). Influenza A subtyping was performed by a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) to detect the A(H1N1)pdm09; other swIAV subtypes were determined by multiplex RT-PCR. In lung tissues, the major bacterial and viral pathogens associated with PRDC (Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis and PCV2) were investigated. In some affected pigs, clinico-pathological evaluations were conducted. Influenza A was detected by screening PCR in 46 of 66 swab samples and from five of six lungs. Virus was recovered from pigs of all six herds. Subtype A(H1N1)pdm09 was detected in four of six herds and H1N2 in the other two herds. In lung tissues, further agents involved in PRDC were detected in all cases; Pasteurella multocida was identified in five of six samples and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in three of six. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (1/6), Haemophilus parasuis (1/6) and PCV2 (1/6) were also detected. These findings indicate that subtypes A(H1N1)pdm09 and H1N2 were present in pigs in southern Brazil and were associated with PRDC outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schmidt
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Fepagro Animal Health -Institute of Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S P Cibulski
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Fepagro Animal Health -Institute of Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C P Andrade
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - T F Teixeira
- Fepagro Animal Health -Institute of Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A P M Varela
- Fepagro Animal Health -Institute of Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C M Scheffer
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Fepagro Animal Health -Institute of Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A C Franco
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L L de Almeida
- Fepagro Animal Health -Institute of Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - P M Roehe
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Impact of the segment-specific region of the 3'-untranslated region of the influenza A virus PB1 segment on protein expression. Virus Genes 2013; 47:429-38. [PMID: 23949786 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The 12 and 13 terminal nucleotides in the 3'- and 5'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of the influenza A virus genome, respectively, are important for the transcription of the viral RNA and the translation of mRNA. However, the functions of the segment-specific regions of the UTRs are not well known. We utilized an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) flanked at both ends by different UTRs (from the eight segments of H1N1 PR8/34) as a reporter gene to evaluate the effects of these UTRs on protein expression in vitro. The results showed that the protein expression levels of NP-eGFP, NS-eGFP, and HA-eGFP were higher than those of the other reporters and that the protein level of PB1-eGFP remained at a relatively low amount 48-h post-transfection. The results revealed that the UTRs of all segments differently affected the protein expression levels and that the effect of the UTRs of PB1 segment on protein expression was significant. The deletion of "UAAA" and "UAAACU" motifs in the PB1-3'-UTR significantly increased the protein expression level by 49.8 and 142.6%, respectively. This finding suggests that the "UAAACU" motif in the PB1-3'-UTR is at least partly responsible for the low protein expression level. By introducing the "UAAACU" motif into other 3'-UTRs (PA, NS, NP, and HA) at similar locations, the eGFP expression was reduced as expected by 56, 61, 22, and 22%, respectively. This result further confirmed that the "UAAACU" motif of the PB1-3'-UTR can inhibit protein expression. Our findings suggest that the segment-specific regions in the UTRs and not just the conserved regions of the UTRs play an important role in the viral protein expression. Additionally, the reported findings may also shed light on novel regulatory mechanism for the influenza A virus genome.
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Guo CT, Wong CH, Kajimoto T, Miura T, Ida Y, Juneja LR, Kim MJ, Masuda H, Suzuki T, Suzuki Y. Synthetic sialylphosphatidylethanolamine derivatives bind to human influenza A viruses and inhibit viral infection. Glycoconj J 1998; 15:1099-108. [PMID: 10386895 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006961912465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized the sialylphosphatidylethanolamine (sialyl PE) derivatives Neu5Ac-PE, (Neu5Ac)2-PE, Neu5Ac-PE (amide) and Neu5Ac-PE (methyl). We examined the anti-viral effects of the derivatives on human influenza A virus infection by ELISA/virus-binding, hemagglutination inhibition, hemolysis inhibition and neutralization assays. The sialyl PE derivatives that we examined bound to A/Aichi/2/68, A/Singapore/1/57 and A/Memphis/1/71 strains of H3N2 subtype, but not to A/PR/8/34 strain of H1N1 subtype. The derivatives inhibited viral hemagglutination and hemolysis of human erythrocytes with A/Aichi/2/68 and A/Singapore/1/57 (H3N2), but not with A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). The inhibitory activity of the (Neu5Ac)2-PE derivative was the strongest of all sialyl PE derivatives (IC50, 35 microM to 40 microM). Sialyl PE derivatives also inhibited the infection of A/Aichi/2/68 in MDCK cells. Complete inhibition was observed at a concentration between 0.3 to 1.3 mM. IC50 of (Neu5Ac)2-PE was 15 microM in A/Aichi/2/68 strain. Taken together, the synthetic sialyl PE derivatives may be effective reagents against infection of some types of influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
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6
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Tobita K, Tanaka T, Hayase Y. Rescue of a viral gene from VERO cells latently infected with influenza virus B/Lee/40. Virology 1997; 236:130-6. [PMID: 9299625 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
By growing VERO cells infected with 5 PFU/cell of influenza virus B/Lee/40, a latently infected culture was readily established (L/V cells). The cells continued to multiply stably, excreting a small amount of virus in the beginning, which sharply declined according to cell division to undetectable level by day 9. However, nucleotide sequences for all the 8 genes of B/Lee/40 as well as their mRNAs were amplified from L/V cells on day 50 or later by RT-PCR. Moreover, from the 95-day-old L/V cells, a persisting NP gene of B/Lee/40 was rescued into infectious virus particles upon superinfection with homotypic influenza virus B/Yamagata/1/73.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tobita
- Department of Virology, Jichi Medical School, Minami-Kawachi-Machi, Tochigi-Ken, 329-04, Japan.
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