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Laferrière F, Tixador P, Moudjou M, Chapuis J, Sibille P, Herzog L, Reine F, Jaumain E, Laude H, Rezaei H, Béringue V. Quaternary structure of pathological prion protein as a determining factor of strain-specific prion replication dynamics. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003702. [PMID: 24130496 PMCID: PMC3795044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions are proteinaceous infectious agents responsible for fatal neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans. They are essentially composed of PrP(Sc), an aggregated, misfolded conformer of the ubiquitously expressed host-encoded prion protein (PrP(C)). Stable variations in PrP(Sc) conformation are assumed to encode the phenotypically tangible prion strains diversity. However the direct contribution of PrP(Sc) quaternary structure to the strain biological information remains mostly unknown. Applying a sedimentation velocity fractionation technique to a panel of ovine prion strains, classified as fast and slow according to their incubation time in ovine PrP transgenic mice, has previously led to the observation that the relationship between prion infectivity and PrP(Sc) quaternary structure was not univocal. For the fast strains specifically, infectivity sedimented slowly and segregated from the bulk of proteinase-K resistant PrP(Sc). To carefully separate the respective contributions of size and density to this hydrodynamic behavior, we performed sedimentation at the equilibrium and varied the solubilization conditions. The density profile of prion infectivity and proteinase-K resistant PrP(Sc) tended to overlap whatever the strain, fast or slow, leaving only size as the main responsible factor for the specific velocity properties of the fast strain most infectious component. We further show that this velocity-isolable population of discrete assemblies perfectly resists limited proteolysis and that its templating activity, as assessed by protein misfolding cyclic amplification outcompetes by several orders of magnitude that of the bulk of larger size PrP(Sc) aggregates. Together, the tight correlation between small size, conversion efficiency and duration of disease establishes PrP(Sc) quaternary structure as a determining factor of prion replication dynamics. For certain strains, a subset of PrP assemblies appears to be the best template for prion replication. This has important implications for fundamental studies on prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Laferrière
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Tixador
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mohammed Moudjou
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jérôme Chapuis
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Sibille
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laetitia Herzog
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fabienne Reine
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emilie Jaumain
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hubert Laude
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Human Rezaei
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vincent Béringue
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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Campisi E, Cardone F, Graziano S, Galeno R, Pocchiari M. Role of proteomics in understanding prion infection. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 9:649-66. [PMID: 23256675 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative pathologies characterized by the autocatalytic misfolding and polymerization of a cellular glycoprotein (cellular prion protein [PrP(C)]) that accumulates in the CNS and leads to neurodegeneration. The detailed mechanics of PrP(C) conversion to its pathological isoform (PrP(TSE)) are unclear but one or more exogenous factors are likely involved in the process of PrP misfolding. In the last 20 years, proteomic investigations have identified several endogenous proteins that interact with PrP(C), PrP(TSE) or both, which are possibly involved in the prion pathogenetic process. However, current approaches have not yet produced convincing conclusions on the biological value of such PrP interactors. Future advancements in the comprehension of the molecular pathogenesis of prion diseases, in experimental techniques and in data analysis procedures, together with a boost in more productive international collaborations, are therefore needed to improve the understanding on the role of PrP interactors. Finally, the advancement of 'omics' techniques in prion diseases will contribute to the development of novel diagnostic tests and effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmondo Campisi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Tixador P, Herzog L, Reine F, Jaumain E, Chapuis J, Le Dur A, Laude H, Béringue V. The physical relationship between infectivity and prion protein aggregates is strain-dependent. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000859. [PMID: 20419156 PMCID: PMC2855332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions are unconventional infectious agents thought to be primarily composed of PrP(Sc), a multimeric misfolded conformer of the ubiquitously expressed host-encoded prion protein (PrP(C)). They cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases in both animals and humans. The disease phenotype is not uniform within species, and stable, self-propagating variations in PrP(Sc) conformation could encode this 'strain' diversity. However, much remains to be learned about the physical relationship between the infectious agent and PrP(Sc) aggregation state, and how this varies according to the strain. We applied a sedimentation velocity technique to a panel of natural, biologically cloned strains obtained by propagation of classical and atypical sheep scrapie and BSE infectious sources in transgenic mice expressing ovine PrP. Detergent-solubilized, infected brain homogenates were used as starting material. Solubilization conditions were optimized to separate PrP(Sc) aggregates from PrP(C). The distribution of PrP(Sc) and infectivity in the gradient was determined by immunoblotting and mouse bioassay, respectively. As a general feature, a major proteinase K-resistant PrP(Sc) peak was observed in the middle part of the gradient. This population approximately corresponds to multimers of 12-30 PrP molecules, if constituted of PrP only. For two strains, infectivity peaked in a markedly different region of the gradient. This most infectious component sedimented very slowly, suggesting small size oligomers and/or low density PrP(Sc) aggregates. Extending this study to hamster prions passaged in hamster PrP transgenic mice revealed that the highly infectious, slowly sedimenting particles could be a feature of strains able to induce a rapidly lethal disease. Our findings suggest that prion infectious particles are subjected to marked strain-dependent variations, which in turn could influence the strain biological phenotype, in particular the replication dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Tixador
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laëtitia Herzog
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fabienne Reine
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emilie Jaumain
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jérôme Chapuis
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Annick Le Dur
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hubert Laude
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail: (HL); (VB)
| | - Vincent Béringue
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UR892, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail: (HL); (VB)
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Abstract
Virtually all transmissible encephalopathies (TSEs), such as scrapie, CJD, and BSE, are caused by a type of infectious particle that remains enigmatic. The language of prion theory supersedes the reality of what is, and what is not known. This review questions the predictive value, consistency and accuracy of this now dominant assumption. Many people believe the normal cellular prion protein (PrP) self-converts into an infectious amyloid protein or prion. Although the amyloidogenic capacity of proteins is well established, the concept of an infectious protein without nucleic acid was "revolutionary." Diverse experiments have repeatedly shown, however, that this protein alone, in any form, is incapable of reproducing transmissible infection. In contrast, the infectious agent copurifies with many other molecules, including nucleic acids, while it separates from the majority of PrP. The infectious particle has a homogeneous viral size of ~25 nm, and infectivity is markedly reduced by conditions that disrupt viral core components but do not disrupt multimers of PrP amyloid. Additionally, the infectious agent replicates to high levels before any PrP abnormalities can be detected. Hence, we initially proposed that PrP changes are part of the host's pathologic response to high levels of infectious agent, but not the agent itself. Newer data clarifying a role for myeloid cells in the spread of infection, the unique character of two different agent strains propagated in a single animal, and the demonstration of long nucleic acids in a variety of simplified high titer preparations continue to raise serious questions for the prion hypothesis. Moreover, the epidemic spread of TSEs, and the activation of host innate immune mechanisms by infection, further indicate these agents are recognizably foreign, and probably viral.
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Taylor DM, Fernie K, Steele PJ, McConnell I, Somerville RA. Thermostability of mouse-passaged BSE and scrapie is independent of host PrP genotype: implications for the nature of the causal agents. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:3199-3204. [PMID: 12466498 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-12-3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Five experimentally maintained strains of scrapie and BSE agents have been passaged in two PrP genotypes of mice. Brain macerates were autoclaved at 126 degrees C and the levels of surviving infectivity were measured by titration. There was a large difference in the survival properties of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) infectivity between TSE strains. PrP genotype had little effect. Phenotypic properties of the TSE strains were not affected with the exception that with one strain (ME7), incubation periods of the heated sample were longer than the controls given equivalent doses. It is concluded that PrP is probably not responsible for differences in thermostability between strains. More likely, a host-independent molecule which differs in covalent structure between strains accounts for these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Taylor
- Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK1
| | - Karen Fernie
- Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK1
| | - Philip J Steele
- Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK1
| | - Irene McConnell
- Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK1
| | - Robert A Somerville
- Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK1
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Andréoletti O, Lacroux C, Chabert A, Monnereau L, Tabouret G, Lantier F, Berthon P, Eychenne F, Lafond-Benestad S, Elsen JM, Schelcher F. PrP(Sc) accumulation in placentas of ewes exposed to natural scrapie: influence of foetal PrP genotype and effect on ewe-to-lamb transmission. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2607-2616. [PMID: 12237445 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-10-2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Placentas from scrapie-affected ewes are known to be infectious. Nevertheless, placenta infectivity in such ewes is not systematic. Maternal transmission to lambs is highly suspected but contamination of the foetus in utero has not been demonstrated. Using ewes from a naturally scrapie-infected flock, it was demonstrated that abnormal prion protein (PrP(Sc)) accumulation in the placenta (i) is controlled by polymorphisms at codons 136, 154 and 171 of the foetal PrP gene and (ii) is restricted mainly to placentome foetal trophoblastic cells. In order to go deeper into the role of the placenta in scrapie transmission, the pattern of PrP(Sc) dissemination was established in susceptible lambs (genotype VRQ/VRQ) sampled from 140 days post-insemination to the age of 4 months from either VRQ/VRQ ewes with PrP(Sc)-positive placentas or ARR/VRQ ewes with PrP(Sc)-negative placentas. In both VRQ/VRQ lamb groups, PrP(Sc) spatial and temporal accumulation patterns were similar, suggesting post-natal rather than in utero contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR 959 INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France1
| | - Caroline Lacroux
- UMR 959 INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France1
| | - Armelle Chabert
- UMR 959 INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France1
| | - Laurent Monnereau
- UMR 959 INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France1
| | - Guillaume Tabouret
- UMR 959 INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France1
| | - Frédéric Lantier
- INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, Nouzilly, France2
| | - Patricia Berthon
- INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, Nouzilly, France2
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Elsen
- INRA, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, Auzeville, France5
| | - François Schelcher
- UMR 959 INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France1
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Somerville RA, Oberthur RC, Havekost U, MacDonald F, Taylor DM, Dickinson AG. Characterization of thermodynamic diversity between transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agent strains and its theoretical implications. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:11084-9. [PMID: 11792707 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111766200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Some transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) (or "prion") strains, notably those derived from bovine spongiform encephalopathy, are highly resistant to total inactivation by heat. When three TSE strains derived from sheep with scrapie were heated, little inactivation took place at low temperatures, but at higher temperatures, considerable inactivation occurred. The temperature at which substantial inactivation first occurred varied according to TSE strain, and it was calculated to be 70 degrees C for the 22C strain, 84 degrees C for ME7, and 97 degrees C for 22A by fitting the data to a model based on competition between a destructive and a protective reaction. However, PrP(Sc) from mice infected with a range of TSE strains retained similar resistance to proteinase K digestion after heating to below or above these temperatures, showing that the properties of PrP(Sc) responsible for proteinase resistance do not correlate with those conferring thermostability on the TSE agent. The simplest explanation of these data is that the causal agent contains a macromolecular component that is structurally independent of the host, that it varies covalently between TSE strains, and that it is protected by other macromolecular components. The model is in accord with the virino hypothesis, which proposes a host-independent informational molecule protected by the host protein PrP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Somerville
- Neuropathogenesis Unit, Institute for Animal Health, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, United Kingdom.
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Masel J, Jansen VA. The measured level of prion infectivity varies in a predictable way according to the aggregation state of the infectious agent. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1535:164-73. [PMID: 11342005 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(00)00095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are believed to be caused by an infectious form of the prion protein, designated PrP(Sc). The concentration of PrP(Sc) is often poorly correlated to the level of infectivity. Infectivity can be measured in two ways, namely endpoint titration and the incubation time assay, but patterns of infectivity vary depending on which method is used. These discrepancies can be explained by variation in the aggregation state of PrP(Sc). Both methods of measuring infectivity are modelled mathematically, and the theoretical results are in agreement with published data. It was found to be theoretically impossible to characterise prion infectivity by a multiple of a single quantity representing 'one prion', no matter how it is measured. Infectivity is instead characterised by both the number and sizes of the PrP(Sc) aggregates. Apparent discrepancies arise when these complexities are reduced to a single number.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Masel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK.
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Andréoletti O, Berthon P, Marc D, Sarradin P, Grosclaude J, van Keulen L, Schelcher F, Elsen JM, Lantier F. Early accumulation of PrP(Sc) in gut-associated lymphoid and nervous tissues of susceptible sheep from a Romanov flock with natural scrapie. J Gen Virol 2000; 81:3115-3126. [PMID: 11086143 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-81-12-3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is known to be involved in the early phase of scrapie pathogenesis. However, the infection route of naturally occurring scrapie and its spread within the host are not entirely known. In this study, the pathogenesis of scrapie was investigated in sheep of three PrP genotypes, from 2 to 9 months of age, which were born and raised together in a naturally scrapie-affected Romanov flock. The kinetics of PrP(Sc) accumulation in sheep organs were determined by immunohistochemistry. PrP(Sc) was detected only in susceptible VRQ/VRQ sheep, from 2 months of age, with an apparent entry site at the ileal Peyer's patch as well as its draining mesenteric lymph node. At the cellular level, PrP(Sc) deposits were associated with CD68-positive cells of the dome area and B follicles before being detected in follicular dendritic cells. In 3- to 6-month-old sheep, PrP(Sc) was detected in most of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and to a lesser extent in more systemic lymphoid formations such as the spleen or the mediastinal lymph node. All secondary lymphoid organs showed a similar intensity of PrP(Sc)-immunolabelling at 9 months of age. At this time-point, PrP(Sc) was also detected in the autonomic myenteric nervous plexus and in the nucleus parasympathicus nervi X of the brain stem. These data suggest that natural scrapie infection occurs by the oral route via infection of the Peyer's patches followed by replication in the GALT. It may then spread to the central nervous system through the autonomic nervous fibres innervating the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France1
| | - Patricia Berthon
- INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, F-37380 Nouzilly, France2
| | - Daniel Marc
- INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, F-37380 Nouzilly, France2
| | - Pierre Sarradin
- INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, F-37380 Nouzilly, France2
| | | | - Lucien van Keulen
- Department of Immunology, Pathobiology and Epidemiology, Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-Lelystad), Lelystad, The Netherlands4
| | - François Schelcher
- UMR INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France1
| | - Jean-Michel Elsen
- INRA, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, Auzeville, France5
| | - Frédéric Lantier
- INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, F-37380 Nouzilly, France2
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Manousis T, Verghese-Nikolakaki S, Keyes P, Sachsamanoglou M, Dawson M, Papadopoulos O, Sklaviadis TK. Characterization of the murine BSE infectious agent. J Gen Virol 2000; 81:1615-20. [PMID: 10811946 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-81-6-1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a prion-associated disease where the infectious agent is thought to be a host-encoded protein with a protease-resistant conformation (PrP(Sc)). Here, data are presented on the solubilization of purified murine BSE material, using guanidine-HCl as a denaturing agent. This treatment led to loss of infectivity, which was partially recovered on renaturation after dialysis to remove the chaotropic agent. The renatured product was then fractionated on an isopycnic sucrose-density gradient and the fractions were analysed for the presence of PrP(Sc), nucleic acids and infectivity. It was found that the major part of PrP(Sc) (>90%) and the endogenous nucleic acids did not contribute towards the formation of infectious particles on renaturation. Infectivity was distributed in the top three, low-density fractions. Among these, the presence of considerable infectivity in the fraction of lowest density, with barely detectable PrP(Sc), is of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Manousis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 540 06, Greece
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Foster J, Farquhar C, Fraser J, Somerville R. Immunolocalization of the prion protein in scrapie affected rodent retinas. Neurosci Lett 1999; 260:1-4. [PMID: 10027685 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Some mouse and hamster scrapie models are known to replicate infectivity in the retina, and this can be associated with photoreceptor atrophy. We used immuno-labelling to identify the cellular localization of the prion protein (PrP) in the retina and correlated this with infectivity titre. It is only with the 263K scrapie strain in hamsters that disease-associated PrP (PrP(Sc)) staining was always easily detectable. Very little PrP(Sc) immunolabelling was observed in any of the mouse models, even in those demonstrating scrapie-induced retinopathy in which high titres of infective agent are known to occur in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Foster
- Institute for Animal Health, BBSRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK.
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ONODERA T. Prion Disease. Biosci Microflora 1998. [DOI: 10.12938/bifidus1996.17.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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