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Phimphan S, Aiumsumang S, Tanomtong A. Characterization of Chromosomal and Repetitive Elements in the Genome of “Rana nigrovittata” (Anura, Ranidae): Revealed by Classical and Molecular Techniques. CYTOL GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452721060104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Targueta CP, Krylov V, Nondilo TE, Lima J, Lourenço LB. Sex chromosome evolution in frogs-helpful insights from chromosome painting in the genus Engystomops. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 126:396-409. [PMID: 33184505 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-00385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of sex chromosomes is thought to be interrupted by relatively frequent sex chromosome turnover and/or occasional recombination between sex chromosomes (fountain-of-youth model) in some vertebrate groups as fishes, amphibians, and lizards. As a result, we observe the prevalence of homomorphic sex chromosomes in these groups. Here, we provide evidence for the loss of sex chromosome heteromorphism in the Amazonian frogs of the genus Engystomops, which harbors an intriguing history of sex chromosome evolution. In this species complex composed of two named species, two confirmed unnamed species, and up to three unconfirmed species, highly divergent karyotypes are present, and heteromorphic X and Y chromosomes were previously found in two species. We describe the karyotype of a lineage estimated to be the sister of all remaining Amazonian Engystomops (named Engystomops sp.) and perform chromosome painting techniques using one probe for the Y chromosome and one probe for the non-centromeric heterochromatic bands of the X chromosome of E. freibergi to compare three Engystomops karyotypes. The Y probe detected the Y chromosomes of E. freibergi and E. petersi and one homolog of chromosome pair 11 of Engystomops sp., suggesting their common evolutionary origin. The X probe showed no interspecific hybridization, revealing that X chromosome heterochromatin is strongly divergent among the studied species. In the light of the phylogenetic relationships, our data suggest that sex chromosome heteromorphism may have occurred early in the evolution of the Amazonian Engystomops and have been lost in two unnamed but confirmed candidate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia P Targueta
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-863, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, 74960-000, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Krylov
- Faculty of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Tobias E Nondilo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-863, Brazil
| | - Jucivaldo Lima
- Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of Amapá-IEPA, Nucleus of Biodiversity (NUBIO); Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, s/n, Distrito da Fazendinha, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Luciana B Lourenço
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-863, Brazil.
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Gatto KP, Mattos JV, Seger KR, Lourenço LB. Sex Chromosome Differentiation in the Frog Genus Pseudis Involves Satellite DNA and Chromosome Rearrangements. Front Genet 2018; 9:301. [PMID: 30147705 PMCID: PMC6096759 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Pseudis comprises six frogs of the family Hylidae and only P. tocantins had heteromorphic sex chromosomes detected by classical cytogenetics. In this species, the W chromosome is larger than the Z chromosome and has a large heterochromatic block located between the centromere and the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) in the long arm. This large heterochromatic band is enriched for the PcP190 satellite DNA (satDNA), whereas the Z chromosome bears a smaller C-band adjacent to the centromere in the long arm that is not detected by PcP190 probes. To assess sex chromosome differentiation in the genus Pseudis, we investigated the PcP190 satDNA in P. bolbodactyla, P. cardosoi, P. minuta, and P. paradoxa and in one species of Lysapsus, which is the sister genus of Pseudis. PcP190 sequences were isolated, sequenced, and the diversity of this class of satDNA was analyzed. To evaluate whether sex-related variations in PcP190 satDNA were present, we used in situ hybridization (for P. bolbodactyla, P. paradoxa, P. cardosoi, and P. minuta) and Southern blotting analysis (for all species). We found a low level of sex chromosome heteromorphism in P. bolbodactyla, as a PcP190 cluster was detected in the short arm of one of the homologs of pair 7 exclusively in females. In P. paradoxa, P. minuta, and P. cardosoi, PcP190 satDNA is not sex-related, although a cluster of PcP190 sequences could be recognized in the NOR-bearing chromosomes 7 of P. paradoxa and P. minuta and their homologous chromosome 5 of P. cardosoi. By tracking cytogenetic data in a species tree, we may hypothesize that the positioning of the PcP190 site adjacently to the NOR (as observed in the long arm of the W chromosome of P. tocantins) is a derived condition with respect to the location of the PcP190 site apart from the NOR, in the short arm of the NOR-bearing chromosomes 7 (as present in P. bolbodactyla, P. paradoxa, and P. minuta) or 5 (as present in P. cardosoi) and we discuss about the emergence of PcP190 satDNA as a sex-related trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleb P Gatto
- Laboratory of Chromosome Studies, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - João V Mattos
- Laboratory of Chromosome Studies, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Karin R Seger
- Laboratory of Chromosome Studies, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luciana B Lourenço
- Laboratory of Chromosome Studies, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Grossen C, Neuenschwander S, Perrin N. The Balanced Lethal System of Crested Newts: A Ghost of Sex Chromosomes Past? Am Nat 2012; 180:E174-83. [DOI: 10.1086/668076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Duarte TC, Veiga-Menoncello ACP, Lima JFR, Strüssmann C, Del-Grande ML, Giaretta AA, Pereira EG, Rossa-Feres DC, Recco-Pimentel SM. Chromosome analysis in Pseudopaludicola (Anura, Leiuperidae), with description of sex chromosomes XX/XY in P. saltica. Hereditas 2010; 147:43-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2009.02153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Siripiyasing P, Chulalaksananukul W, Pariyanonth P, Kaewsri S, Sittigul S, Seatung N, Tanomtong A. The Identification of the Sex Chromosome and Karyotype of Four Toad Species (Genus Bufo) in Thailand by T-lymphocyte Cell Culture. CYTOLOGIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.73.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarawut Kaewsri
- Program in Applied Biology, Department of Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University
| | - Sarawut Sittigul
- Program in Biology, Department of Science and technology, Faculty of Science, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University
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Ananias F, Modesto ADS, Mendes SC, Napoli MF. Unusual primitive heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes in Proceratophrys boiei (Anura, Cycloramphidae, Alsodinae), with description of C-Band interpopulational polymorphism. Hereditas 2007; 144:206-12. [PMID: 18031355 DOI: 10.1111/j.2007.0018-0661.02026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed cytogenetic analyses on specimens from three population samples of Proceratophrys boiei from southeastern and northeastern Brazil. We stained chromosomes of mitotic and meiotic cells with Giemsa, C-banding and Ag-NOR methods. All specimens of P. boiei presented a karyotype with a full chromosome complement of 2n=22, metacentric and submetacentric. We observed the secondary constriction within the short arm of pair 8, which was in the same position of the nucleolus organizer region (NOR). NOR heteromorphism was observed within two specimens from the municipality of Mata de São João (northeastern Bahia State). The C-banding evidenced an unusual heterochromatic pattern in the genome of P. boiei. In the southern most population samples (São Paulo State), we observed large blocks of heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of all chromosomes, whereas the northernmost samples (Bahia State) presented a small amount of constitutive heterochromatin. We suppose that this geographic variation in heterochromatin quantities could be due to heterochromatinization of some chromosome regions in the genome of the São Paulo samples. Furthermore, females from São Paulo presented, within chromosome pair 1 from C-banded karyotypes, one homologous chromosome almost heterochromatic, whereas males had heterochromatin restricted to the centromeric region. This unusual heterochromatic arrangement led us to assume that P. boiei owns a ZZ/ZW type of sexual determination system. This finding is very important, as this is the first record of ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes within Cycloramphidae. We believe that the cytogenetic differences found between southeastern and northeastern Brazilian population samples of P. boiei strongly supports the existence of a species complex under the name P. boiei, and the requirement of taxonomic and systematic reviews by morphological, bioacoustical, molecular, and cytogenetic data could define this taxonomic issue in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ananias
- Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Siqueira-Jr. S, Ananias F, Recco-Pimentel SM. Cytogenetics of three Brazilian species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) with 22 chromosomes and re-analysis of multiple translocations in E. binotatus. Genet Mol Biol 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572004000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Lourenço LB, De Anchietta Garcia PC, Recco‐Pimentel SM. Intrageneric karyotypic divergence inScythrophrysand new insights into the relationship withParatelmatobius(Anura, Leptodactylidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/11250000309356514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hanada H. G and C banding show structural differences between the Z and W chromosomes in the frog Buergeria buergeri. Hereditas 2002; 136:151-4. [PMID: 12369101 DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-5223.2002.1360210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
G and C banding studies were made on cultured blood cells of matured male and female Buergeria (B.) buergeri frogs. The Z is subtelocentric and the W is submetacentric. There is a satellite near the end of the long arm of the Z. Constitutive heterochromatin is seen near the proximal and distal portions of the long arms of both Z and W. A single heavily stained G band is seen in the short arm of Z, while one or two heavily stained G bands are observed in the short arm of W. The Z may have originated through a process, in the course of which parts of W have been translocated to Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hanada
- Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
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Aguiar O, Lima AP, Giaretta AA, Recco-Pimentel SM. CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF FOUR POISON FROGS OF THE EPIPEDOBATES GENUS (ANURA: DENDROBATIDAE). HERPETOLOGICA 2002. [DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831(2002)058[0293:caofpf]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schmid M, Steinlein C. Sex chromosomes, sex-linked genes, and sex determination in the vertebrate class amphibia. EXS 2001:143-76. [PMID: 11301597 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7781-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter the different categories of homomorphic and heteromorphic sex chromosomes, types of sex-determining mechanisms, known sex-linked genes, and data about sex-determining genes in the Amphibia have been compiled. Thorough cytogenetic analyses have shown that both XY/XX and ZW/ZZ sex chromosomes exist in the order Anura and Urodela. In some species quite unusual systems of sex determination have evolved (e.g. 0W-females/00-males or the co-existence of XY/XX and ZW/ZZ sex chromosomes within the same species). In the third order of the Amphibia, the Gymnophiona (or Apoda) there is still no information regarding any aspect of sex determination. Whereas most species of Anura and Urodela present undifferentiated, homomorphic sex chromosomes, there is also a considerable number of species in which an increasing structural complexity of the Y and W chromosomes exists. In various cases, the morphological differentiation of the sex chromosomes occurred as a result of quantitative and/or qualitative changes to the repetitive DNA sequences in the constitutive heterochromatin of the Y and W chromosomes. The greater the structural differences between the sex chromosomes, the lesser the extent of pairing in meiosis. No dosage compensation of the sex-linked genes in the somatic cells of the homogametic (XX or ZZ) individuals have been detected. The genes located to date on the amphibian sex chromosomes lead to the conclusion that there is no common ancestral or conserved sex-linkage group. In all amphibians, genetic sex determination (GSD) seems to operate, although environmental factors may influence sex determination and differentiation. Despite the accumulated evidence that GSD is operating in Anura and Urodela, there is little substantial information about how it functions. Although several DNA sequences homologous to the mammalian ZFY, SRY and SOX genes have been detected in the Anura or Urodela, none of these genes is an appropriate candidate to explain sex determination in these vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmid
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Cuevas CC, Formas JR. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes in Eupsophus insularis (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae). Chromosome Res 1996; 4:467-70. [PMID: 8889246 DOI: 10.1007/bf02265054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The chromosomes of the Chilean frog Eupsophus insularis are described for the first time. This species has a chromosome number of 2n = 30, and based on the karyotype it is concluded that E. insularis is closely related to E. migueli. E. insularis has an XX/XY system of sex determination, and pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin is present in all chromosomes except in the Y chromosome. It is postulated that the Y chromosome is derived from a small ancestral metacentric chromosome that lost its heterochromatic segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Cuevas
- Institute of Zoology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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A comparative study of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of the Montandon's newt,Triturus montandoni (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Poland and Rumania. Genetica 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02424453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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