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Domínguez-Martín MA, López-Lozano A, Melero-Rubio Y, Gómez-Baena G, Jiménez-Estrada JA, Kukil K, Diez J, García-Fernández JM. Marine Synechococcus sp. Strain WH7803 Shows Specific Adaptative Responses to Assimilate Nanomolar Concentrations of Nitrate. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0018722. [PMID: 35852322 PMCID: PMC9430850 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00187-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine Synechococcus, together with Prochlorococcus, contribute to a significant proportion of the primary production on Earth. The spatial distribution of these two groups of marine picocyanobacteria depends on different factors such as nutrient availability and temperature. Some Synechococcus ecotypes thrive in mesotrophic and moderately oligotrophic waters, where they exploit both oxidized and reduced forms of nitrogen. Here, we present a comprehensive study, which includes transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the response of Synechococcus sp. strain WH7803 to nanomolar concentrations of nitrate, compared to micromolar ammonium or nitrogen starvation. We found that Synechococcus has a specific response to a nanomolar nitrate concentration that differs from the response shown under nitrogen starvation or the presence of standard concentrations of either ammonium or nitrate. This fact suggests that the particular response to the uptake of nanomolar concentrations of nitrate could be an evolutionary advantage for marine Synechococcus against Prochlorococcus in the natural environment. IMPORTANCE Marine Synechococcus are a very abundant group of photosynthetic organisms on our planet. Previous studies have shown blooms of these organisms when nanomolar concentrations of nitrate become available. We have assessed the effect of nanomolar nitrate concentrations by studying the transcriptome and proteome of Synechococcus sp. WH7803, together with some physiological parameters. We found evidence that Synechococcus sp. strain WH7803 does sense and react to nanomolar concentrations of nitrate, suggesting the occurrence of specific adaptive mechanisms to allow their utilization. Thus, very low concentrations of nitrate in the ocean seem to be a significant nitrogen source for marine picocyanobacteria.
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Grants
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Government of Spain (cofunded by the FEDER program, European Union)
- Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidad, Junta de Andalucia (Spain), cofunded by the FEDER program (European Union)
- Universidad de Cordoba (Spain), Programa Propio de Investigacion
- Junta de Andalucia (Spain), Programa Operativo de Empleo Juvenil, cofunded by the FEDER programme (European Union)
- Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucia (Spain), cofunded by the FEDER program (European Union)
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Affiliation(s)
- María Agustina Domínguez-Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Yesica Melero-Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Gómez-Baena
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Andrés Jiménez-Estrada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Kateryna Kukil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Diez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Nitrogen Availability Affects the Metabolic Profile in Cyanobacteria. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120867. [PMID: 34940625 PMCID: PMC8707274 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is essential for the biosynthesis of various molecules in cells, such as amino acids and nucleotides, as well as several types of lipids and sugars. Cyanobacteria can assimilate several forms of nitrogen, including nitrate, ammonium, and urea, and the physiological and genetic responses to these nitrogen sources have been studied previously. However, the metabolic changes in cyanobacteria caused by different nitrogen sources have not yet been characterized. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of nitrate and ammonium on the metabolic profiles of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. When supplemented with NaNO3 or NH4Cl as the nitrogen source, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 grew faster in NH4Cl medium than in NaNO3 medium. Metabolome analysis indicated that some metabolites in the CBB cycle, glycolysis, and TCA cycle, and amino acids were more abundant when grown in NH4Cl medium than NaNO3 medium. 15N turnover rate analysis revealed that the nitrogen assimilation rate in NH4Cl medium was higher than in NaNO3 medium. These results indicate that the mechanism of nitrogen assimilation in the GS-GOGAT cycle differs between NaNO3 and NH4Cl. We conclude that the amounts and biosynthetic rate of cyanobacterial metabolites varies depending on the type of nitrogen.
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Watzer B, Spät P, Neumann N, Koch M, Sobotka R, Macek B, Hennrich O, Forchhammer K. The Signal Transduction Protein P II Controls Ammonium, Nitrate and Urea Uptake in Cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1428. [PMID: 31293555 PMCID: PMC6603209 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PII signal transduction proteins are widely spread among all domains of life where they regulate a multitude of carbon and nitrogen metabolism related processes. Non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria can utilize a high variety of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. In recent years, several physiological studies indicated an involvement of the cyanobacterial PII protein in regulation of ammonium, nitrate/nitrite, and cyanate uptake. However, direct interaction of PII has not been demonstrated so far. In this study, we used biochemical, molecular genetic and physiological approaches to demonstrate that PII regulates all relevant nitrogen uptake systems in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803: PII controls ammonium uptake by interacting with the Amt1 ammonium permease, probably similar to the known regulation of E. coli ammonium permease AmtB by the PII homolog GlnK. We could further clarify that PII mediates the ammonium- and dark-induced inhibition of nitrate uptake by interacting with the NrtC and NrtD subunits of the nitrate/nitrite transporter NrtABCD. We further identified the ABC-type urea transporter UrtABCDE as novel PII target. PII interacts with the UrtE subunit without involving the standard interaction surface of PII interactions. The deregulation of urea uptake in a PII deletion mutant causes ammonium excretion when urea is provided as nitrogen source. Furthermore, the urea hydrolyzing urease enzyme complex appears to be coupled to urea uptake. Overall, this study underlines the great importance of the PII signal transduction protein in the regulation of nitrogen utilization in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Watzer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Department of Organismic Interactions, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spät
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Department of Organismic Interactions, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Quantitative Proteomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Neumann
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Department of Organismic Interactions, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Koch
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Department of Organismic Interactions, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Boris Macek
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Quantitative Proteomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hennrich
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Department of Organismic Interactions, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Department of Organismic Interactions, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Atkinson JT, Campbell I, Bennett GN, Silberg JJ. Cellular Assays for Ferredoxins: A Strategy for Understanding Electron Flow through Protein Carriers That Link Metabolic Pathways. Biochemistry 2016; 55:7047-7064. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Atkinson
- Systems,
Synthetic, and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, MS-180, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ian Campbell
- Biochemistry
and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, MS-140, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - George N. Bennett
- Department
of Biosciences, Rice University, MS-140, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, MS-362,
6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Silberg
- Department
of Biosciences, Rice University, MS-140, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Yadav S, Prajapati R, Atri N. Effects of UV-B and heavy metals on nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in three cyanobacteria. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:2-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Yadav
- Molecular Biology Section; Center of Advanced Study in Botany; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | | | - Neelam Atri
- MMV; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
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Singh V, Pandey KD, Mesapogu S, Singh DV. Influence of NaCl on photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of cyanobacterium Nostoc calcicola. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Zhao G, Yao Y, Chen W, Cao X. Comparison and analysis of the genomes of two Aspergillus oryzae strains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:7805-7809. [PMID: 23889147 DOI: 10.1021/jf400080g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A. oryzae 3.042 (China) and A. oryzae RIB40 (Japan) used for soy sauce fermentation show some regional differences. We sequenced the genome of A. oryzae 3.042 and compared it to A. oryzae RIB40 in an attempt to understand why different features are shown by these two A. oryzae strains. We predict 11,399 protein-coding genes in A. oryzae 3.042. The genomes of these two A. oryzae strains are collinear revealed by MUMmer analysis, indicating that the differences are not obvious between them. Several strain-specific genes of two strains are identified by genome sequences' comparison, and they are classified into some groups, which have the relationship with cell growth, cellular response and regulation, resistance, energy metabolism, salt tolerance, and flavor formation. A. oryzae 3.042 showed stronger potential for mycelial growth and environmental stress resistance, such as the genes of chitinase and quinone reductase. Some genes unique to A. oryzae RIB40 were related to energy metabolism and salt tolerance, especially genes for Na(+) and K(+) transport, while others were associated with signal transduction and flavor formation. The genome sequence of A. oryzae 3.042 will facilitate the identification of the genetic basis of traits in A. oryzae 3.042, and accelerate our understanding of the different genetic traits of the two A. oryzae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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López-Lozano A, Diez J, Alaoui S, Moreno-Vivián C, García-Fernández JM. Nitrate is reduced by heterotrophic bacteria but not transferred to Prochlorococcus in non-axenic cultures. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 41:151-60. [PMID: 19709249 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The ability to assimilate nitrate in non-axenic isolates of Prochlorococcus spp. was addressed in this work, particularly in three low-irradiance adapted strains originating from ocean depths with measurable nitrate concentrations. None of the studied strains was able to use nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. Nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.2) activity was, however, detected using the methyl viologen/dithionite assay in crude extracts from all studied Prochlorococcus strains. Characterization of this activity unambiguously demonstrated its enzymatic origin. We observed that NR activity did not decrease in vivo under darkness. Attempts to detect the narB gene (coding for NR in other cyanobacteria) by PCR with primers designed on the basis of the specific codon usage in Prochlorococcus were unsuccessful. However, when primers were designed considering the codon frequencies typical of other bacteria, we could amplify different fragments of nas genes, coding for bacterial assimilatory NRs. Similar amplification products were obtained using colonies of contaminant bacteria from Prochlorococcus cultures as PCR template. Furthermore, NR activity was found in cultures of these contaminants, demonstrating the non-cyanobacterial origin of the enzyme. These results strongly suggest that the studied strains of Prochlorococcus lack NR, in spite of inhabiting environments with nitrate as the main nitrogen source. In addition, they indicate that the nitrite produced by heterotrophic bacteria is not transferred to Prochlorococcus for growth, thus discarding a trophic nitrogen chain between heterotrophic bacteria and Prochlorococcus in the studied cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio López-Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1 planta, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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9
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Kshatriya K, Singh JS, Singh DP. Salt tolerant mutant of Anabaena doliolum exhibiting efficient ammonium uptake and assimilation. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 15:377-81. [PMID: 23572949 PMCID: PMC3550349 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-009-0043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Effect of salinity (NaCl, 100 mM) on growth, nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, and uptake of NH4 (+) was studied in the wild type (WT) and the NaCl-tolerant mutant type (MT) of cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum. Results obtained in the presence of salt showed significant reduction in the growth rate of both WT and MT cells of A. doliolum by about 77.8 and 40 %, respectively over without NaCl. Similarly rate of NR activity in both WT and MT strains was reduced by 45.5 and 44.5 %, respectively. On the contrary, rate of GS activity of both the WT and MT strains in the presence 100 mM of NaCl increased by 34 and 159 %, respectively. The results of this study indicate that tolerance to NaCl in A. doliolum is more dependent on NH4 (+) assimilation rather than on nitrate assimilation in relation to N-metabolism. The increased GS activity in MT cells of the cyanobacterium is possibly because of high rate of energy dependent NH4 (+) uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kshatriya
- />Department of Microbiology, Dr. RML Avadh University, Faizabad, 224 001 (U.P.) India
| | - Jay S. Singh
- />School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025 (U.P.) India
| | - D. P. Singh
- />School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025 (U.P.) India
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Glass JB, Wolfe-Simon F, Anbar AD. Coevolution of metal availability and nitrogen assimilation in cyanobacteria and algae. GEOBIOLOGY 2009; 7:100-23. [PMID: 19320747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine primary producers adapted over eons to the changing chemistry of the oceans. Because a number of metalloenzymes are necessary for N assimilation, changes in the availability of transition metals posed a particular challenge to the supply of this critical nutrient that regulates marine biomass and productivity. Integrating recently developed geochemical, biochemical, and genetic evidence, we infer that the use of metals in N assimilation - particularly Fe and Mo - can be understood in terms of the history of metal availability through time. Anoxic, Fe-rich Archean oceans were conducive to the evolution of Fe-using enzymes that assimilate abiogenic NH(4)(+) and NO(2)(-). The N demands of an expanding biosphere were satisfied by the evolution of biological N(2) fixation, possibly utilizing only Fe. Trace O(2) in late Archean environments, and the eventual 'Great Oxidation Event' c. 2.3 Ga, mobilized metals such as Mo, enabling the evolution of Mo (or V)-based N(2) fixation and the Mo-dependent enzymes for NO(3)(-) assimilation and denitrification by prokaryotes. However, the subsequent onset of deep-sea euxinia, an increasingly-accepted idea, may have kept ocean Mo inventories low and depressed Fe, limiting the rate of N(2) fixation and the supply of fixed N. Eukaryotic ecosystems may have been particularly disadvantaged by N scarcity and the high Mo requirement of eukaryotic NO(3)(-) assimilation. Thorough ocean oxygenation in the Neoproterozoic led to Mo-rich oceans, possibly contributing to the proliferation of eukaryotes and thus the Cambrian explosion of metazoan life. These ideas can be tested by more intensive study of the metal requirements in N assimilation and the biological strategies for metal uptake, regulation, and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Glass
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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11
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Khumanthem N, Syiem MB, Singh AK, Rai AN. Isolation and characterization of a Mastigocladus species capable of growth, N(2)-fixation and N-assimilation at elevated temperature. Indian J Microbiol 2007; 47:345-52. [PMID: 23100688 PMCID: PMC3450037 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-007-0062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A Mastigocladus species was isolated from the hot spring of Jakrem (Meghalaya) India. Uptake and utilization of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and amino acids (glutamine, asparagine, arginine, alanine) were studied in this cyanobacterium grown at different temperatures (25°C, 45°C). There was 2-3 fold increase in the heterocyst formation and nitrogenase activity in N-free medium at higher temperature (45°C). Growth and uptake and assimilation of various nitrogen sources were also 2-3 fold higher at 45°C indicating that it is a thermophile. The extent of induction and repression of nitrate uptake by NO(3) (-) and NH(4) (+), respectively, differed from that of nitrite. It appeared that Mastigocladus had two independent nitrate/nitrite transport systems. Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activitiy was not NO(3) (-)-inducible and ammonium or amino acids caused only partial repression. Presence of various amino acids in the media partially repressed glutamine synthetase activity. Ammonium (methylammonium) and amino acid uptake showed a biphasic pattern, was energy-dependent and the induction of uptake required de novo protein synthesis. Ammonium transport was substrate (NH(4) (+))-repressible, while the amino acid uptake was substrate inducible. When grown at 25°C, the cyanobacterium formed maximum akinetes that remained viable upto 5 years under dry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonibala Khumanthem
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
- Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796009 Mizoram India
| | - Mayashree B. Syiem
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
- Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796009 Mizoram India
| | - Arvind K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
- Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796009 Mizoram India
| | - Amar Nath Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
- Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796009 Mizoram India
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Cross-talk Between Iron and Nitrogen Regulatory Networks in Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. PCC 7120: Identification of Overlapping Genes in FurA and NtcA Regulons. J Mol Biol 2007; 374:267-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Thaivanich S, Incharoensakdi A. Purification and Characterization of Nitrate Reductase from the Halotolerant Cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-006-9196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kloft N, Forchhammer K. Signal transduction protein PII phosphatase PphA is required for light-dependent control of nitrate utilization in synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:6683-90. [PMID: 16166530 PMCID: PMC1251587 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.19.6683-6690.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction protein P(II) is dephosphorylated in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 by protein phosphatase PphA. To determine the impact of PphA-mediated P(II) dephosphorylation on physiology, the phenotype of a PphA-deficient mutant was analyzed. Mutants lacking either PphA or P(II) were impaired in efficient utilization of nitrate as the nitrogen source. Under conditions of limiting photosystem I (PSI)-reduced ferredoxin, excess reduction of nitrate along with impaired reduction of nitrite occurred in P(II) signaling mutants, resulting in excretion of nitrite to the medium. This effect could be reversed by increasing the level of PSI-reduced ferredoxin. We present evidence that nonphosphorylated P(II) controls the utilization of nitrate in response to low light intensity by tuning down nitrate uptake to meet the actual reduction capacity. This control mechanism can be bypassed by exposing cells to excess levels of nitrate. Uncontrolled nitrate uptake leads to light-dependent nitrite excretion even in wild-type cells, confirming that nitrate uptake controls nitrate utilization in response to limiting photon flux densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kloft
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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15
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Kang RJ, Shi DJ, Cong W, Cai ZL, Ouyang F. Regulation of CO on heterocyst differentiation and nitrate uptake in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 98:693-8. [PMID: 15715873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present investigation was to study the effects of different inorganic carbon and nitrogen sources on nitrate uptake and heterocyst differentiation in the culture of cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. METHODS AND RESULTS Anabaena was cultivated in media BG11 containing combined nitrogen and supplementary NaHCO3 or CO2. Cell growth, heterocyst differentiation, nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.7.7.2), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) and NO uptake were analysed. The cells cultivated in BG11(0) medium with aeration were taken as reference. Experimental results showed that the differentiation frequency of heterocysts when the cells were cultivated with elevated CO2 was higher than that of the cells grown with air or bicarbonate. Heterocysts appeared unexpectedly when CO2 was introduced into the medium containing nitrate. However, no heterocysts emerged when CO2 was added to medium containing NH or urea, or when NaHCO3 was supplied to the medium with nitrate. Both nitrate uptake rate and nitrate reduction enzyme activity were depressed by the supplement of CO2 to the culture. The activity of G6PDH was enhanced with the increase in heterocyst differentiation frequency. CONCLUSION CO2 might compete with NO for energy and electrons in the uptake process and CO2 appears favoured. This led to a high intracellular C/N ratio and a relative N limitation. So the process of heterocyst differentiation was activated to supplement nitrogen uptake. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provided an attractive possibility to form more heterocysts by rapid growth of Anabaena cells cultivated in the medium containing nitrate in order to increase nitrogen fixation and hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-J Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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16
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Flores E, Frías JE, Rubio LM, Herrero A. Photosynthetic nitrate assimilation in cyanobacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2005; 83:117-33. [PMID: 16143847 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-004-5830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate uptake and reduction to nitrite and ammonium are driven in cyanobacteria by photosynthetically generated assimilatory power, i.e., ATP and reduced ferredoxin. High-affinity nitrate and nitrite uptake takes place in different cyanobacteria through either an ABC-type transporter or a permease from the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase are ferredoxin-dependent metalloenzymes that carry as prosthetic groups a [4Fe-4S] center and Mo-bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (nitrate reductase) and [4Fe-4S] and siroheme centers (nitrite reductase). Nitrate assimilation genes are commonly found forming an operon with the structure: nir (nitrite reductase)-permease gene(s)-narB (nitrate reductase). When the cells perceive a high C to N ratio, this operon is transcribed from a complex promoter that includes binding sites for NtcA, a global nitrogen-control regulator that belongs to the CAP family of bacterial transcription factors, and NtcB, a pathway-specific regulator that belongs to the LysR family of bacterial transcription factors. Transcription is also affected by other factors such as CnaT, a putative glycosyl transferase, and the signal transduction protein P(II). The latter is also a key factor for regulation of the activity of the ABC-type nitrate/nitrite transporter, which is inhibited when the cells are incubated in the presence of ammonium or in the absence of CO(2). Notwithstanding significant advance in understanding the regulation of nitrate assimilation in cyanobacteria, further post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are likely to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Flores
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, C.S.I.C.-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
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Hirasawa M, Rubio LM, Griffin JL, Flores E, Herrero A, Li J, Kim SK, Hurley JK, Tollin G, Knaff DB. Complex formation between ferredoxin and Synechococcus ferredoxin:nitrate oxidoreductase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2004; 1608:155-62. [PMID: 14871493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2003] [Revised: 11/07/2003] [Accepted: 11/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ferredoxin-dependent nitrate reductase from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 has been shown to form a high-affinity complex with ferredoxin at low ionic strength. This complex, detected by changes in both the absorbance and circular dichroism (CD) spectra, did not form at high ionic strength. When reduced ferredoxin served as the electron donor for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, the activity of the enzyme declined markedly as the ionic strength increased. In contrast, the activity of the enzyme with reduced methyl viologen (a non-physiological electron donor) was independent of ionic strength. These results suggest that an electrostatically stabilized complex between Synechococcus nitrate reductase and ferredoxin plays an important role in the mechanism of nitrate reduction catalyzed by this enzyme. Treatment of Synechococcus nitrate reductase with either an arginine-modifying reagent or a lysine-modifying reagent inhibited the ferredoxin-dependent activity of the enzyme but did not affect the methyl viologen-dependent activity. Treatment with these reagents also resulted in a large decrease in the affinity of the enzyme for ferredoxin. Formation of a nitrate reductase complex with ferredoxin prior to treatment with either reagent protected the enzyme against loss of ferredoxin-dependent activity. These results suggest that lysine and arginine residues are present at the ferredoxin-binding site of Synechococcus nitrate reductase. Results of experiments using site-specific, charge reversal variants of the ferredoxin from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7119 as an electron donor to nitrate reductase were consistent with a role for negatively charged residues on ferredoxin in the interaction with Synechococcus nitrate reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hirasawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
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Mino Y, Shirakawa M, Harada Y, Kuroda K. Comparison of the Nucleotide Sequences of Ferredoxin-cDNAs among some Datura Plants. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:2038-41. [PMID: 15577229 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of partial ferredoxin (Fd)-cDNAs (corresponding to the amino acid sequence of 22-87 in the total 97 amino acids of ferredoxin) were determined for Datura arborea, D. stramonium, D. metel, and related Datura plants. Non-synonymous substitutions were noted at 4 positions and a synonymous substitution was seen at position 82 (Gln [CAA] (arborea) vs. Gln [CAG] (stramonium and metel)). The nucleotide sequence of Fd-cDNA may provide more detailed information regarding the relative taxonomic positions of plants than the amino acid sequence. However, Datura plants in the same section (metel, fastuosa, and innoxia) and of different varieties (stramonium var. stramonium and stramonium var. tatula) showed identical Fd-cDNA nucleotide sequences. This result suggests that there are very close relationships among the plants in each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Mino
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka, Japan.
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19
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Madueño F, Vega-Palas MA, Flores E, Herrero A. A cytoplasmic-membrane protein repressible by ammonium inSynechococcusR2: altered expression in nitrate-assimilation mutants. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Kumar A, Rai A, Singh H. Nitrate reductase activity in isolated heterocysts of the cyanobacteriumNostoc muscorum. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Miller SR, Castenholz RW. Ecological physiology of Synechococcus sp. strain SH-94-5, a naturally occurring cyanobacterium deficient in nitrate assimilation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:3002-9. [PMID: 11425713 PMCID: PMC92972 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.7.3002-3009.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2001] [Accepted: 04/11/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synechococcus sp. strain SH-94-5 is a nitrate assimilation-deficient cyanobacterium which was isolated from an ammonium-replete hot spring in central Oregon. While this clone could grow on ammonium and some forms of organic nitrogen as sole nitrogen sources, it could not grow on either nitrate or nitrite, even under conditions favoring passive diffusion. It was determined that this clone does not express functional nitrate reductase or nitrite reductase and that the lack of activity of either enzyme is not due to inactivation of the cyanobacterial nitrogen control protein NtcA. A few other naturally occurring cyanobacterial strains are also nitrate assimilation deficient, and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the ability to utilize nitrate has been independently lost at least four times during the evolutionary history of the cyanobacteria. This phenotype is associated with the presence of environmental ammonium, a negative regulator of nitrate assimilation gene expression, which may indicate that natural selection to maintain functional copies of nitrate assimilation genes has been relaxed in these habitats. These results suggest how the evolutionary fates of conditionally expressed genes might differ between environments and thereby effect ecological divergence and biogeographical structure in the microbial world.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Miller
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
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22
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Pinar G, Duque E, Haidour A, Oliva J, Sanchez-Barbero L, Calvo V, Ramos JL. Removal of high concentrations of nitrate from industrial wastewaters by bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:2071-3. [PMID: 16535614 PMCID: PMC1389169 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.5.2071-2073.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella oxytoca isolate 15 was isolated from the grounds of a nitration factory and was found to be tolerant to nitrate at concentrations up to 0.5 to 1 M. Physicochemical parameters for optimal growth conditions for K. oxytoca isolate 15 were established. Growth took place when the nitrate concentration in the medium was less than 150 mM, and full nitrate consumption required about 14 g of C per g of N. This strain was able to remove nitrate without accumulating nitrite. The system was scaled up to a 40-liter pilot plant and was operated on-site satisfactorily.
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23
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Kuritz T, Bocanera LV, Rivera NS. Dechlorination of lindane by the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120 depends on the function of the nir operon. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:3368-70. [PMID: 9150239 PMCID: PMC179122 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.10.3368-3370.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate is essential for lindane dechlorination by the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120 and Nostoc ellipsosporum, as it is for dechlorination of other organic compounds by heterotrophic microorganisms. Based on analyses of mutants and effects of environmental factors, we conclude that lindane dechlorination by Anabaena sp. requires a functional nir operon that encodes the enzymes for nitrate utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuritz
- Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee 37830, USA.
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24
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Evidence for the nitrate assimilation-dependent nitrite excretion in cyanobacterium Nostoc MAC. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1996; 12:285-7. [PMID: 24415239 DOI: 10.1007/bf00360929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/09/1996] [Accepted: 01/13/1996] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate uptake and nitrite efflux patterns in Nostoc MAC showed a rapid phase followed by their saturation. Nitrite efflux was maximum in nitrate medium whereas the cells incubated in N2 and NH 4 (+) media exhibited a decreased nitrite efflux activity. The simultaneous presence of NH 4 (+) and nitrate significantly decreased nitrite efflux. L-Methionine-DL-sulphoximine (MSX) prevented inhibition of nitrite efflux by NH 4 (+) . In the dark there was negligible nitrite efflux, whereas illumination increased the rate of nitrite efflux significantly. The nitrite efflux system was maximally operative at pH 8.0, 30°C and a photon fluence rate of 50 μmol m(-2). s(-1). These results confirm that (i) the nitrite efflux system in Nostoc MAC is dependent upon nitrate uptake and assimilation and is repressible by NH 4 (+) ; (ii) NH 4 (+) itself is not the actual repressor of nitrite efflux; a product of NH 4 (+) assimilation via glutamine synthetase (GS) is required for repression to occur; (iii) the catalytic function of GS does not appear to be involved in nitrate assimilation-dependent nitrite efflux, and (iv) the optimum pH, temperature and illumination for maximum nitrite efflux were found to be 8.0, 30°C and 50μmol m(-2). s respectively.
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25
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Unthan M, Klipp W, Schmid GH. Nucleotide sequence of the nar beta gene encoding assimilatory nitrate reductase from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria chalybea. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1305:19-24. [PMID: 8605243 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the structural gene of nitrate reductase (n ar beta) has been determined from the filamentous, non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria chalybea. The nar beta gene encodes a protein of 737 amino acid residues, which shows 61% identity to nitrate reductase of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 and only weak homologies to different bacterial molybdoenzymes, such as nitrate reductases or formate dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Unthan
- Biologie VIII: Zellphsiologie, Universitat Bielefeld, Germany
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26
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Rubio LM, Herrero A, Flores E. A cyanobacterial narB gene encodes a ferredoxin-dependent nitrate reductase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 30:845-850. [PMID: 8624415 DOI: 10.1007/bf00019017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The narB gene from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 was cloned downstream from the LacI-regulated promoter Ptrc in the Escherichia coli vector pTrc99A, rendering plasmid pCSLM1. Addition of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside to E. coli (pCSLM1) resulted in the parallel expression of a 76 kDa polypeptide and a nitrate reductase activity with properties identical to those known for nitrate reductase isolated from Synechococcus cells. As is the case for nitrate reductase from Synechococcus cells, either reduced methyl viologen or reduced ferredoxin could be used as an electron donor for the reduction of nitrate catalyzed by E. coli (pCSLM1) extracts. This data shows that narB is a cyanobacterial structural gene for nitrate reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Rubio
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Spain
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27
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Singh S, Bisen PS. Glutamine synthetase and arginine inhibition of nitrate reductase activity in Anabaena cycadeae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1994; 10:191-3. [PMID: 24420945 DOI: 10.1007/bf00360885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/1993] [Accepted: 08/08/1993] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type Anabaena cycadeae with normal glutamine synthetase (GS) activity utilized arginine as sole N source whereas a mutant strain lacking GS activity did not. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity, higher in the mutant strain than the wild-type strain, was inhibited by arginine though arginine-dependent NH 4 (+) generation was higher in the mutant strain than in the wild-type. This suggests that (1) NR activity is NO inf3 (sup-) -inducible and arginine-repressible; and (2) while GS activity is required for the assimilation of arginine as sole N-source, it is not required for arginine inhibition of NR activity.
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28
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Jones MC, Jenkins JM, Smith AG, Howe CJ. Cloning and characterisation of genes for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 24:435-448. [PMID: 8123787 DOI: 10.1007/bf00024112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The genes for 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS), two enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway for tetrapyrroles, were independently isolated from a plasmid-based genomic library of Anacystis nidulans R2 (also called Synechococcus sp. PCC7942), by their ability to complement Escherichia coli strains carrying mutations in the equivalent genes (hemB and hemD respectively). The identity of the genes was confirmed by comparing the appropriate enzyme activities in complemented and mutant strains. Subclones of the original plasmids that were also capable of complementing the mutants were sequenced. The inferred amino acid sequence of the cyanobacterial HemB protein indicates a significant difference in the metal cofactor requirement from the higher-plant enzymes, which was confirmed by overexpression and biochemical analysis. The organisation of the cyanobacterial hemD locus differs markedly from other prokaryotes. Two open reading frames were found immediately upstream of hemD. The product of one shows considerable similarity to published sequences from other organisms for uroporphyrinogen III methylase (UROM), an enzyme involved in the production of sirohaem and cobalamins (including vitamin B-12). The product of the other shows motifs which are similar to those found in proteins responsible for metabolic regulation in yeast and indicates that this family of transcription control proteins, which has previously been reported only from eukaryotes, is also represented in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, UK
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29
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Luque I, Flores E, Herrero A. Nitrite reductase gene from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942: homology between cyanobacterial and higher-plant nitrite reductases. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 21:1201-1205. [PMID: 8490140 DOI: 10.1007/bf00023618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding nitrite reductase (nir) from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 has been identified and sequenced. This gene comprises 1536 nucleotides and would encode a polypeptide of 56,506 Da that shows similarity to nitrite reductase from higher plants and to the sulfite reductase hemoprotein from enteric bacteria. Identities found at positions corresponding to those amino acids which in the above-mentioned proteins hold the Fe4S4-siroheme active center suggest that nitrite reductase from Synechococcus bears an active site much alike that present in those reductases. The fact that the Synechococcus and higher-plant nitrite reductases are homologous proteins gives support to the endosymbiont theory for the origin of chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Luque
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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30
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Bisen PS, Shanthy S. Physiological and biochemical characterization of chlorate-resistant mutants ofAnabaena doliolum. Curr Microbiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01577234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Singh S. Nitrite metabolism in the cyanobacteriumAnabaena cycadeae: Regulation of nitrite uptake and nitrite reductase by ammonia. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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32
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Singh P, Singh D, Singh R. Growth, Acetylene Reduction Activity, Nitrate Uptake and Nitrate Reductase Activity of Azolla caroliniana and Azolla pinnata at Varying Nitrate Levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(11)80019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Bisen PS, Shanthy S. Regulation of assimilatory nitrate reductase in the cyanobacteriumAnabaena doliolum. Curr Microbiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02092024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Mallick N, Rai LC. Effects of heavy metals on the biology of a N2-fixing cyanobacteriumAnabaena doliolum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/tox.2540050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Bagchi SN, Chauhan VS, Palod A. Heterotrophy and nitrate metabolism in a cyanobacteriumPhormidium uncinatum. Curr Microbiol 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02090100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Isolation and characterization of Anacystis nidulans R2 mutants affected in nitrate assimilation: Establishment of two new mutant types. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00339585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Bagchi SN, Kaloya P, Bisen PS. Effect of cyanophage N-1 infection on the synthesis and stability ofNostoc muscorum nitrate reductase. Curr Microbiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01589362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Madueño F, Flores E, Guerrero MG. Competition between nitrate and nitrite uptake in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(87)90362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Reith ME, Laudenbach DE, Straus NA. Isolation and nucleotide sequence analysis of the ferredoxin I gene from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2. J Bacteriol 1986; 168:1319-24. [PMID: 3096975 PMCID: PMC213640 DOI: 10.1128/jb.168.3.1319-1324.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two mixed oligonucleotide probes derived from conserved regions of the Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6714 ferredoxin amino acid sequence were utilized to isolate an Anacystis nidulans R2 clone containing the ferredoxin I gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a 297-base-pair (bp) open reading frame with a deduced amino acid sequence having high homology to other cyanobacterial ferredoxins. Assuming proteolytic cleavage of the initial methionine residue, the molecular weight of the mature A. nidulans R2 ferredoxin was 10,370. The initial methionine residue was preceded by a probable ribosome-binding site sequence, AGGA. Northern hybridization analysis with the cloned ferredoxin gene indicated an RNA transcript of approximately 450 bp. S1 nuclease mapping localized the transcription start site to a position 64 bases upstream from the initial methionine residue. The nucleotide sequence 14 to 8 bp preceding the transcription start site resembled a typical Escherichia coli promoter, but the sequence in the -35 region did not. Southern hybridization detected only a single copy of the ferredoxin sequence in the A. nidulans R2 genome.
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41
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Rai AN, Bergman B. Modification of NO â3metabolism in heterocysts of the N 2-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena7120 (ATCC27893). FEMS Microbiol Lett 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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42
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43
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Kumar H, Jha M, Kumar A. Stimulation of nitrate reductase activity by blue light in a thermophilic cyanobacterium,Oscillatoria princeps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1080/00071618600650191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Bagchi SN, Singh DT, Singh HN. REGULATION BY AZIDE OF HETEROCYST AND NITROGENASE IN AZIDE-RESISTANT MUTANTS OF THE CYANOBACTERIUM, NOSTOC MUSCORUM. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 1986; 102:51-64. [PMID: 33873886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of azide-resistant mutants of N, muscorum is described in which azide caused inhibition of heterocyst differentiation and nitrogen fixation without causing inhibition of growth. The results indicate the utilization of azide, as a fixed nitrogen source, by the mutant strain. An increase in the ability to take up azide and in the phycocyanin/chlorophyll ratio following growth of the mutant in azide-containing medium are additional findings which support the conclusion that the mutant utilizes azide as a source of nitrogen. In the parental strain, Ca2+ -dependent and Mg2+ -dependent ATPases, and cellular nitrate reductase were inhibited by azide. The corresponding ATPases from the mutant strain were not inhibited by azide. There was evidence, in cell-free extracts, for an enzyme system which utilized azide as an electron acceptor and NADPH-ferredoxin as electron donor. The activity of this system was significantly higher (on a protein basis) in cells of the mutant grown on azide than in cells of either the parent or the mutant when grown on nitrate. It is suggested that the azide resistance of this class of mutant is due to a mutation which leads to azide resistant Ca2+ - and Mg2+ - ATPases. Such a mutation may allow an azide utilizing system, inherently present in both parent and mutant strains, to be expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Bagchi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Jabalpur, Jabalpur, India
| | - D T Singh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500134, India
| | - H N Singh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500134, India
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45
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Smeekens S, van Binsbergen J, Weisbeek P. The plant ferredoxin precursor: nucleotide sequence of a full length cDNA clone. Nucleic Acids Res 1985; 13:3179-94. [PMID: 2987875 PMCID: PMC341228 DOI: 10.1093/nar/13.9.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A cDNA clone (pFD1) derived from Silene pratensis ferredoxin mRNA was selected from a cDNA-library using the hybrid released translation technique. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed the cDNA insert to contain the complete coding region of the ferredoxin precursor protein. The ferredoxin precursor has a mol.wt. of 15 300, the transit-peptide has a mol.wt. of 5600. The length of the ferredoxin mRNA was found to be 700 nucleotides whereas the cDNA insert was about 1200 basepairs. S1 nuclease protection experiments showed the ferredoxin-specific DNA to be 660 basepairs in length and to start 39 nucleotides upstream of the ferredoxin coding sequence. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA revealed the presence of only one fragment with homology to the ferredoxin cDNA probe, so it is probably a single-copy gene. Comparison of the ferredoxin transit-sequence with transit sequences of another stromal protein, the small subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase showed no apparent homology, except for a stretch of three amino acids near the processing site.
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Bagchi S, Rai A, Singh H. Regulation of nitrate reductase in cyanobacteria. Repression-derepression control of nitrate reductase apoprotein in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(85)90236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Mikami B, Ida S. Purification and properties of ferredoxin—nitrate reductase from the cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(84)90340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Herrero A, Flores E, Guerrero MG. Regulation of the nitrate reductase level in anacystis nidulans: activity decay under nitrogen stress. Arch Biochem Biophys 1984; 234:454-9. [PMID: 6437330 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo stability of ferredoxin-nitrate reductase from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans under conditions of inhibited protein synthesis has been studied in nitrate-grown cells. A light-promoted rapid decay in cellular nitrate reductase activity took place in the absence of any added nitrogen source, but not in the presence of nitrate, nitrite, or ammonium. The inactivation process seemed to proceed in two sequential steps. The first step required both light and oxygen, and was inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) or, to a lesser extent, by sulfhydryl-containing compounds. The resulting inactive form of nitrate reductase, apparently suffering from an oxidative modification, could be reactivated in vivo either by switching-off the light or by addition of inorganic nitrogenous compounds. Prolonged illumination of the cells in the absence of a nitrogen source led to further modification of the enzyme, which could not be reversed. Stability of the active enzyme appears to be a decisive factor contributing to the determination of the actual level of nitrate reductase in A. nidulans cells.
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Kuhlemeier CJ, Logtenberg T, Stoorvogel W, van Heugten HA, Borrias WE, van Arkel GA. Cloning of nitrate reductase genes from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. J Bacteriol 1984; 159:36-41. [PMID: 6330039 PMCID: PMC215588 DOI: 10.1128/jb.159.1.36-41.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Anacystis nidulans, a non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, can fulfill its nitrogen requirement by the assimilation of nitrate. The first step in the pathway, the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, is catalyzed by the molybdo-protein nitrate reductase. In this study, newly developed techniques for gene cloning in A. nidulans R2 were used for the isolation of two genes involved in nitrate reduction. One gene was cloned by complementation of the corresponding mutant; the other gene was picked up from a cosmid gene library by using a restriction fragment containing the transposon-inactivated gene as a probe. Both genes were unlinked single-copy chromosomal genes. Transformation studies provided evidence for the existence of a third locus involved in nitrate reduction.
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50
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Isolation and characterisation of nitrate reductase mutants and regulation of nitrate reductase and nitrogenase in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00332743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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