Pathologic study of the African baboon (Papio sp.) in his native habitat

The Pathoparasitology of the Alimentary Tract and Pancreas of Nonhuman Primates: A Review

A review of the literature concerning the gross and histologic lesions associated with protozoal and metazoal parasitism in the alimentary tract and pancreas of nonhuman primates is presented. In addition, the natural history, morphology, life cycle, methods for diagnosis, and potential for zoonotic disease are reviewed briefly for each parasite discussed. The parasite species reviewed in detail are those most common or most likely to produce lesions in the alimentary tract and pancreas of the nonhuman primate host. All parasites, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic, in each major group (protozoa: flagellates, sarcodines, sporozoans, neosporans, and ciliates; and metazoa: trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, acanthocephalans, and pentastomids) that have been reported in the nonhuman primate alimentary tract and pancreas are presented in tables.

Clinical correlations between long-term (IgE) and short-term (IgG S-TS) anaphylactic antibodies in atopic and 'non-atopic' subjects with respiratory allergic disease

The sera of atopic and non-atopic persons with allergic pulmonary disorders were examined for long-term sensitizing, IgE and short-term sensitizing heat-stable (S-TS) antibodies which were present separately or together in the sera of some patients sensitive to antigens such as budgerigar serum proteins and Aspergillus funigatus. In fourteen atopic patients with extrinsic asthma, six had both types of antibody to common allergens, and of nine non-atopic patients with crytogenic (intrinsic) asthma, four had only heat-stable short-term sensitizing antibodies. The sera of atopic subjects with type I prick test reactions and positive RAST's, showed specific IgE antibody by baboon PCA tests to budgerigar serum proteins, A. funigatus, Timothy grass pollen extract and hen egg extract, and not to Dermatophagoides farinae, possibly because of naturally occurring mite antibodies in the baboon. The sera of non-atopic asthmatics, who had given negative prick test but positive immediate, dual or late intracutaneous tests, and only late asthmatic reactions, contained precipitins in most cases and gave little or no RAST reaction. On baboon PCA these sera contained either, S-TS antibody alone, or S-TS plus long-term sensitizing antibody, or long-term sensitizing antibody alone. Some of the sera with long-term sensitizing antibody contained blocking antibody which could diffuse away in the 24 hr delay for the baboon PCA test and could also be responsible for the negative RAST. Tests with insoluble anti-IgE immuno-adsorbents on two sera from persons sensitive to aspergillus confirmed that the S-TS activity was not due to IgE, and on two sera with negative RAST and negative prick tests to budgerigar serum antigens confirmed that the 24 hr monkey PCA responses were due to IgE.

Light and electron microscopical study on sarcocysts from muscles of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), Baboon (Papio cynocephalus) and Tamarin (Saguinus(=Oedipomidas) oedipus)

Sarcocystis cysts from muscles of monkeys (baboon, tamarin and rhesus monkey) were studied by means of light and electron microscopy. The differences in the morphology of the cyst wall and parasites clearly indicate that the three monkey species examined were each parasitized by at least a specific Sarcocystis species being not identical with S. nesbitti or S. kortei. The large numbers of cysts found within the muscle fibres point out the important role that have these monkeys as intermediate hosts in the life cycle of Sarcocystis species, where the final hosts are still unknown.

Hemagglutination assay of antibodies associated with pulmonary acariasis in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Antibodies associated with infection by lung mites (Pneumonyssus simicola) in rhesus monkeys were measured by passive hemagglutination methods. Tanned human Rh negative O red blood cells or sheep red blood cells coated with soluble acarine antigens were used to detect mite-specific antibodies. Large quantities of host-specific mite antigens (P. simicola) were difficult to obtain, so free-living mite species such as Dermatophagoides farina, Acarina sheldonii, and Tyrophagus putrificiensis were also utilized. Although the best serological specificity and sensitivity were obtained with P. simicola and its derivatives (1:640), several free-living acarine species were useful in detecting antibodies to mites. Skin tests carried out on a limited number of animals were positive for both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity.

Nasal mites parasitic in nasal and upper skull tissues in the baboon (Papio sp.)

Nasal mites (Rhinophagus sp.) were found within the mucosal and submucosal nasal tissues and bone marrow of the upper skull in two of five adult baboons (Papio sp.).