Tarantino N, Santoro F, Guastafierro F, Di Martino LFM, Scarcia M, Ieva R, Ruggiero A, Cuculo A, Mariano E, Di Biase M, Brunetti ND. "Lambda-wave" ST-elevation is associated with severe prognosis in stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy.
Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2018;
23:e12581. [PMID:
29984535 DOI:
10.1111/anec.12581]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Persistent ST-segment elevation in acute coronary syndrome is associated with both short and long-term complications. By contrast, there is limited information about ST-elevation and its evolution during takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy (TTC).
AIM
To evaluate whether persistent downsloping ST-elevation in the early stages of TTC might correlate with short and long-term clinical events.
METHODS
One-hundred fifty-eight consecutive subjects with TTC were prospectively enrolled and assessed by electrocardiogram. Patients were classified in two groups according to the presence of downsloping ST-elevation ≥5 mm lasting at least 24 hr ("lambda-wave" ST-elevation group vs. without downsloping ST-elevation) in at least one/two contiguous leads.
RESULTS
Five (3.2%) patients, all female with a mean left ventricular ejection fraction 32 ± 5%, were included in the lambda-wave ST-elevation group. These patients were characterized by a higher prevalence of physical stressor (100% vs. 49%, p = 0.04) and higher admission and peak levels of troponin-I levels during hospitalization. Peak of ST-elevation in the lambda-wave ST-elevation group was reached 6 hr after admission and gradually decreased after 24 hr. In-hospital complications were observed in all the patients presenting lambda ST-elevation (100% vs. 23%, p = 0.03, OR: 29.1, p = 0.04); one patient presented endoventricular thrombosis and two died of cardiogenic shock. At long-term follow-up (mean 443 days), adverse events were observed in 80% of patients with lambda-wave ST-elevation (RR of adverse events at follow-up 32, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Persistent downsloping lambda-wave ST-elevation during the acute phase of stress cardiomyopathy may be associated with a higher risk of adverse events at short and long-term follow-up.
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