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Roy A, Sahu PK, Das C, Bhattacharyya S, Raina A, Mondal S. Conventional and new-breeding technologies for improving disease resistance in lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1001682. [PMID: 36743558 PMCID: PMC9896981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1001682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lentil, an important cool season food legume, is a rich source of easily digestible protein, folic acid, bio-available iron, and zinc nutrients. Lentil grows mainly as a sole crop in the winter after harvesting rice in South Asia. However, the annual productivity is low due to its slow growth during the early phase, competitive weed infestation, and disease outbreaks during the crop growth period. Disease resistance breeding has been practiced for a long time to enhance resistance to various diseases. Often the sources of resistance are available in wild crop relatives. Thus, wide hybridization and the ovule rescue technique have helped to introgress the resistance trait into cultivated lentils. Besides hybridization, induced mutagenesis contributed immensely in creating variability for disease tolerance, and several disease-resistant mutant lines have been developed. However, to overcome the limitations of traditional breeding approaches, advancement in molecular marker technologies, and genomics has helped to develop disease-resistant and climate-resilient lentil varieties with more precision and efficiency. This review describes types of diseases, disease screening methods, the role of conventional and new breeding technologies in alleviating disease-incurred damage and progress toward making lentil varieties more resilient to disease outbreaks under the shadow of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Roy
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur West Bengal, India
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational & Research Institute (RKMVERI), Ramkrishna Mission Ashrama, Kolkata, India
| | - Parmeshwar K. Sahu
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Camellia Das
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Bhattacharyya
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur West Bengal, India
| | - Aamir Raina
- Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Botany Section, Women’s College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suvendu Mondal
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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Yield Perceptions, Determinants and Adoption Impact of on Farm Varietal Mixtures for Common Bean and Banana in Uganda. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9081321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Phytotoxic compounds produced by plant pathogens are often crucial determinants of plant disease. Knowledge of them provides insights into disease syndromes and may be exploited by conventional breeding and biotechnology to obtain resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Strange
- Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Slavov S. Phytotoxins and in Vitro Screening for Improved Disease Resistant Plants. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2005.10817285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Bettini P, Michelotti S, Bindi D, Giannini R, Capuana M, Buiatti M. Pleiotropic effect of the insertion of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolD gene in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2003; 107:831-6. [PMID: 12830385 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2003] [Accepted: 03/03/2003] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolD gene, coding for an ornithine cyclodeaminase involved in the biosynthesis of proline from ornithine, has been inserted in Lycopersicon esculentum cv Tondino with the aim of studying its effects on plant morphological characters including pathogen defense response. The analysis of plants transgenic for rolD did not show major morphological modifications. First generation transgenic plants however were found to flower earlier, and showed an increased number of inflorescences and higher fruit yield. Transformed plants were also analysed for parameters linked to pathogen defense response, i.e. ion leakage in the presence of the toxin produced by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and expression of the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene. All the plants harbouring the rolD gene were shown to be more tolerant to the toxin in ion leakage experiments, with respect to the untransformed regenerated controls and the cv Tondino. PR-1 gene expression was quantitated by means of real-time PCR both at the basal level and after treatment with salicylic acid, an inducer of Systemic Acquired Resistance. In both cases the amount of PR-1 mRNA was higher in the transgenic plants. It seems therefore that the transformation of tomato plants with rolD could lead to an increased competence for defense response, as shown by toxin tolerance and increased expression of the Systemic Acquired Resistance marker gene PR-1. The results are finally discussed in view of their possible economic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bettini
- Dipartimento di Biologia animale e Genetica "Leo Pardi", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Romana 17-19, 50125, Florence, Italy
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Abstract
Enzymatic inactivation of fungal toxins is an attractive strategy for the decontamination of agricultural commodities and for the protection of crops from phytotoxic effects of fungal metabolites. This review summarizes research on the biological detoxification of fungal toxins by microorganisms and plants and its practical applications. Some mycotoxins are detoxified during ensiling and other fermentation processes (aflatoxins, alternariol, mycophenolic acid, patulin, PR toxin) while others are transformed into toxic products or survive fermentation unchanged. Plants can detoxify fomannoxin, fusaric acid, HC-toxin, ochratoxin A and oxalate but the degradation of deoxynivalenol has yet to be proven. Microflora of the digestive tract of vertebrates and invertebrates exhibit detoxification activities towards aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, oxalate and trichothecenes. Some toxin-producing fungi are able to degrade or transform their own products under suitable conditions. Pure cultures of bacteria and fungi which detoxify mycotoxins have been isolated from complex microbial populations by screening and enrichment culture techniques. Genes responsible for some of the detoxification activities have been cloned and expressed in heterologous hosts. The detoxification of aflatoxins, cercosporin, fumonisins, fusaric acid, ochratoxin A, oxalic acid, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone by pure cultures is reviewed. Finally, current application of these results in food and feed production and plant breeding is summarized and expected future developments are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Karlovsky
- University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Zhang L, Birch RG. The gene for albicidin detoxification from Pantoea dispersa encodes an esterase and attenuates pathogenicity of Xanthomonas albilineans to sugarcane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:9984-9. [PMID: 9275238 PMCID: PMC23319 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.18.9984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/1997] [Accepted: 06/16/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Albicidin phytotoxins are pathogenicity factors in a devastating disease of sugarcane known as leaf scald, caused by Xanthomonas albilineans. A gene (albD) from Pantoea dispersa has been cloned and sequenced and been shown to code for a peptide of 235 amino acids that detoxifies albicidin. The gene shows no significant homology at the DNA or protein level to any known sequence, but the gene product contains a GxSxG motif that is conserved in serine hydrolases. The AlbD protein, purified to homogeneity by means of a glutathione S-transferase gene fusion system, showed strong esterase activity on p-nitrophenyl butyrate and released hydrophilic products during detoxification of albicidins. AlbD hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate and detoxification of albicidins required no complex cofactors. Both processes were strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, a serine enzyme inhibitor. These data strongly suggest that AlbD is an albicidin hydrolase. The enzyme detoxifies albicidins efficiently over a pH range from 5.8 to 8.0, with a broad temperature optimum from 15 to 35 degrees C. Expression of albD in transformed X. albilineans strains abolished the capacity to release albicidin toxins and to incite disease symptoms in sugarcane. The gene is a promising candidate for transfer into sugarcane to confer a form of disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Botany, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Orlando R, Magro P, Rugini E. Pectic enzymes as a selective pressure tool forin vitro recovery of strawberry plants with fungal disease resistance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1997; 16:272-276. [PMID: 30727661 DOI: 10.1007/bf01088279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/1996] [Revised: 07/24/1996] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy in selecting strawberry (Fragaria xananassa L.) plants with resistance toRhizoctonia fragariae andBotrytis cinerea was developed. Purified pectic enzymes produced byR. fragariae were usedin vitro to select morphogenetic calluses. Both regenerated shoots and plants were testedin vitro andin vivo withR. fragariae andB. cinerea. Thein vitro resistance of shoots regenerated under selection pressure was confirmed byin vivo tests with runner plants either by root immersion in a suspension ofR. fragariae mycelium before potting the plants in sterile soil, or by spraying the leaves with several strains ofB. cinerea spores. The increase of resistance against pathogens was correlated to the increase of phenolic compounds, particularly orthodibydroxyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Orlando
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, sez. Ortofloroarboricoltura, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, I-01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Paolo Magro
- Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante, sez. Patologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, I-01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Eddo Rugini
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, sez. Ortofloroarboricoltura, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, I-01100, Viterbo, Italy
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Screening techniques and sources of resistance to foliar diseases caused by fungi and bacteria in cool season food legumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0798-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Storti E, Latil C, Salti S, Bettini P, Bogani P, Pellegrini MG, Simeti C, Molnar A, Buiatti M. The in vitro physiological phenotype of tomato resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 84:123-128. [PMID: 24203038 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/1991] [Accepted: 10/17/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of dissecting host-parasite interaction processes in the system Lycopersicon aesculentum-Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici we have isolated plant cell mutants having single-step alterations in their defense response. A previous analysis of the physiological phenotypes of mutant cell clones suggested that recognition is the crucial event for active defence, and that polysaccharide content, fungal growth inhibition, peroxidase induction in in vitro dual culture and ion leakage induced by cultural filtrates of the pathogen can be markers of resistance. In this paper we present the results of a similar analysis carried out on cell cultures from one susceptible ('Red River'), one tolerant ('UC 105') and three resistant ('Davis UC 82', 'Heinz', 'UC 90') tomato cultivars. Our data confirm that the differences in the parameters considered are correlated with resistance versus susceptibility in vivo. Therefore, these parameters can be used for early screening in selection programmes. These data, together with those obtained on isolated cell mutants, suggest that the selection in vitro for altered fungal recognition and/or polysaccharide or callose content may lead to in vivo - resistant genotypes. The data are thoroughly discussed with particular attention paid to the importance of polysaccharides in active defense initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Storti
- Department of Animal Biology and Genetics, Via Romana 17, I-50125, Firenze, Italy
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