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Carreira LM, Cota J, Alves J, Inácio F, Alexandre-Pires G, Azevedo P. A Pilot Study of the Clinical Effectiveness of a Single Intra-Articular Injection of Stanozolol in Canines with Knee Degenerative Joint Disease and Its Correlation with Serum Interleukin-1β Levels. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1351. [PMID: 38731355 PMCID: PMC11082967 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stanozolol shows promise as an anabolic and anti-catabolic agent for treating degenerative joint disease (DJD). This study assessed the clinical efficacy of a single intra-articular stanozolol injection in canine knees with DJD and its correlation with serum IL-1β levels. Thirty dogs (n = 30) were divided into a control group (CG, n = 10) and a study group (SG, n = 20) with DJD. Pain levels were assessed using the Brown query, and radiographs were taken at T0 and T3. IL-1β levels were quantified via ELISA. Apart from 2 patients, all showed reduced pain intensity, with 15 patients showing improvement at T1 and 3 patients at T2. A positive correlation (r = 0.84; p < 0.01) was found between pain level and IL-1β in 15 patients. No systemic effects were observed. Most patients (18/20) experienced reduced pain. This pilot study suggests stanozolol's potential in managing DJD in dogs. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and understand stanozolol's mechanism in DJD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Miguel Carreira
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre-CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9-9A, 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal (P.A.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (F.I.); (G.A.-P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of American Laser Study Club—ALSC, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714, USA
| | - João Cota
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre-CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9-9A, 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal (P.A.)
| | - Joao Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Filipa Inácio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (F.I.); (G.A.-P.)
| | - Graça Alexandre-Pires
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (F.I.); (G.A.-P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Azevedo
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre-CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9-9A, 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal (P.A.)
- Faculty of American Laser Study Club—ALSC, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714, USA
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Alves JC, Santos A, Jorge P, Lavrador C, Carreira LM. Effect of a single intra-articular administration of stanozolol in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model: a randomised trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5887. [PMID: 35393497 PMCID: PMC8989994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease with a high negative impact on patient’s quality of life and a high financial burden. It is a source of chronic pain and affects all mammals, including humans and dogs. As the dog is a common model for translation research of human OA, and exploring spontaneous dog OA can improve the health and well-being of both humans and dogs. To describe the effect of the intra-articular administration of stanozolol in a naturally occurring canine OA model, forty canine (N = 40) hip joints were randomly assigned to receive stanozolol or saline (control). On treatment day and at 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days post-treatment, several evaluations were conducted: weight distribution, joint range of motion, thigh girth, digital thermography, and radiographic signs. Also, synovial fluid C-reactive protein and interleukin-1 levels were evaluated. Results from four Clinical Metrology Instruments was also gathered. Results were compared with Repeated Measures ANOVA, with a Huynh–Feldt correction, paired-samples t-test, or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with p < 0.05. OA was graded as mild (90%), moderate (5%), and severe (5%), including both sexes. They had a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.4 years and a bodyweight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. No differences were found between groups at treatment day in all considered evaluations. Weight distribution showed significant improvements with stanozolol from 15 days (p < 0.05) up to 180 days (p < 0.01). Lower values during thermographic evaluation in both views taken and improved joint extension at 90 (p = 0.02) and 180 days (p < 0.01) were observed. Pain and function scores improved up to 180 days. In the control group, radiographic signs progressed, in contrast with stanozolol. The use of stanozolol was safe and produced significant improvements in weight-bearing, pain score, and clinical evaluations in a naturally occurring canine OA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal. .,MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal.
| | - A Santos
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Jorge
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Lavrador
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - L Miguel Carreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal.,Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), Barreiro, Portugal
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Alves JC, Santos A, Jorge P, Lavrador C, Carreira LM. Intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide, stanozolol, Hylan G-F 20 and platelet concentrate in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3118. [PMID: 33542412 PMCID: PMC7862601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease transversal to all mammals, a source of chronic pain and disability, a huge burden to societies, with a significant toll in healthcare cost, while reducing productivity and quality of life. The dog is considered a useful model for the translational study of the disease, closely matching human OA, with the advantage of a faster disease progression while maintaining the same life stages. In a prospective, longitudinal, double-blinded, negative controlled study, one hundred (N = 100) hip joints were selected and randomly assigned to five groups: control group (CG, n = 20, receiving a saline injection), triamcinolone hexacetonide group (THG, n = 20), platelet concentrate group (PCG, n = 20), stanozolol group (SG, n = 20) and hylan G-F 20 group (HG). Evaluations were conducted on days 0 (T0, treatment day), 8, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days post-treatment, consisting of weight distribution analysis and data from four Clinical Metrology Instruments (CMI). Kaplan-Meier estimators were generated and compared with the Breslow test. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of variables of interest on treatment survival. All results were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 and a significance level of p < 0.05 was set. Sample included joints of 100 pelvic limbs (of patients with a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.4 years and body weight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. Joints were graded as mild (n = 70), moderate (n = 20) and severe (n = 10) OA. No differences were found between groups at T0. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that all treatments produced longer periods with better results in the various evaluations compared to CG. Patients in HG and PCG took longer to return to baseline values and scores. A higher impact on pain interference was observed in THG, with a 95% improvement over CG. PCG and HG experienced 57-81% improvements in functional evaluation and impairments due to OA, and may be a better options for these cases. This study documented the efficacy of several approaches to relieve OA clinical signs. These approaches varied in intensity and duration. HG and PCG where the groups were more significant improvements were observed throughout the follow-up periods, with lower variation in results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal.
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal.
| | - A Santos
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Jorge
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Lavrador
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - L Miguel Carreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA) - University of Lisbon, (FMV/ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), Barreiro, Portugal
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Alves JC, Santos A, Jorge P, Lavrador C, Carreira LM. Intra-articular Injections With Either Triamcinolone Hexacetonide, Stanozolol, Hylan G-F 20, or a Platelet Concentrate Improve Clinical Signs in Police Working Dogs With Bilateral Hip Osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:609889. [PMID: 33537353 PMCID: PMC7849590 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.609889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the effect of intra-articular treatment with triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH), stanozolol, hyaluronan, and a platelet concentrate in police working dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis (OA). Study Design: Prospective, longitudinal, double-blinded, negative controlled study. Sample Population: Fifty police working dogs with naturally occurring hip OA. Methods: Animals were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n = 10), TH group (THG, n = 10), platelet concentrate group (PCG, n = 10), stanozolol group (SG, n = 10), and Hylan G-F 20 group (HG). On days 0 (T0), 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days post-treatment, weight-bearing distribution was evaluated. In those days, and on days 60, 120, and 150, four clinical metrology instruments were completed. Kaplan-Meier estimators were conducted and compared with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine treatment survival. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Patients had a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.4 years and body weight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. At T0, hips were classified as mild (n = 35), moderate (n = 10), and severe (n = 5), according to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals grading scheme. No differences were found between groups at that moment considering age, body weight, OFA hip score, and all assessments performed. All treatments improved clinical signs in various OA dimensions in some groups, with a broad effect interval. PCG showed a lower range of variation while maintaining a positive result for more extended periods (p < 0.01 for symmetry index and 0.01 < p < 0.04 in the majority of scores). Breed, age, sex, and OFA grade did not significantly influence response to treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: This is the first prospective, negative controlled, double-blinded study to compare the effect of a single administration of these IA treatments in dogs with hip OA. HG and PCG recorded more significant improvements throughout the 180-day follow-up. In particular, PCG also registered a lower variation in results, seemingly the best therapeutic option. Nevertheless, improvements were still observed in THG and SG, and these treatment options can be considered, mainly when the first two treatments are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C. Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Lisbon, Portugal,MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Forma Avana, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal,*Correspondence: João C. Alves
| | - Ana Santos
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Jorge
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lavrador
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Forma Avana, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - L. Miguel Carreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal,Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal,Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), Barreiro, Portugal
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Mohan A, Agarwal S, Clauss M, Britt NS, Dhillon NK. Extracellular vesicles: novel communicators in lung diseases. Respir Res 2020; 21:175. [PMID: 32641036 PMCID: PMC7341477 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is the organ with the highest vascular density in the human body. It is therefore perceivable that the endothelium of the lung contributes significantly to the circulation of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. In addition to the endothelium, EVs may arise from alveolar macrophages, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Because EVs harbor cargo molecules, such as miRNA, mRNA, and proteins, these intercellular communicators provide important insight into the health and disease condition of donor cells and may serve as useful biomarkers of lung disease processes. This comprehensive review focuses on what is currently known about the role of EVs as markers and mediators of lung pathologies including COPD, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, lung cancer and ALI/ARDS. We also explore the role EVs can potentially serve as therapeutics for these lung diseases when released from healthy progenitor cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Mohan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Matthias Clauss
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nicholas S Britt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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Carson P, Hong CJ, Otero-Vinas M, Arsenault EF, Falanga V. Liver Enzymes and Lipid Levels in Patients With Lipodermatosclerosis and Venous Ulcers Treated With a Prototypic Anabolic Steroid (Stanozolol). INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2015; 14:11-18. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734614562276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Anabolic steroids have been used to treat lower extremity ulcerations, including venous and cryofibrinogenemic ulcers and lipodermatosclerosis (LDS). Yet there have been no studies to determine the severity and reversibility of side effects of anabolic steroids on liver enzymes and lipid profiles in elderly patients. We therefore evaluated, in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, the extent and reversibility of abnormal liver enzymes and lipid profiles in patients with LDS and venous leg ulcers treated with stanozolol at 2 mg twice daily for up to 6 months. Follow-up laboratory testing was done for 2 months after cessation of treatment. A total of 44 patients with LDS and venous ulcers were enrolled and treated with either leg compression alone (placebo) or leg compression plus oral stanozolol 2 mg twice daily (active). Baseline and follow-up laboratory testing of liver enzymes and lipid profiles were obtained. A total of 21 active and 23 placebo patients were treated and evaluated. We measured liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST/SGOT], alanine aminotransferase [ALT/SGPT], γ-glutamyl transferase [GGT]) and lipid profile components (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], total cholesterol) before, during, and after the treatment period. We found that AST/SGOT and ALT/SGPT became significantly elevated in 29% ( P = .0415 at 2 months) and 33% ( P = .0182 at 1 month) of patients treated with stanozolol or placebo, respectively, with return to baseline in the posttreatment period. Unexpectedly, 91% of patients on stanozolol developed a significant ( P < .0001) decrease in HDL levels, by as much as 37 U/L. All patients remained asymptomatic and levels returned to baseline after discontinuation of the drug. We conclude that low-dose stanozolol, 2 mg twice daily, produces asymptomatic and temporary elevation of liver transaminases and depression of the HDL level in a significant proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Carson
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Nair
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, INHS Sanjivani, Kochi, India
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Effects of intraarticular treatment with stanozolol on synovial membrane and cartilage in an ovine model of osteoarthritis. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:379-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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KONERDING MORITZA, ZIEBART THOMAS, WOLLOSCHECK TANJA, WELLMANN AXEL, ACKERMANN MAXIMILIAN. Impact of single-dose application of TGF-β, copper peptide, stanozolol and ascorbic acid in hydrogel on midline laparatomy wound healing in a diabetic mouse model. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:271-6. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Adamama-Moraitou KK, Pardali D, Athanasiou LV, Prassinos NN, Kritsepi M, Rallis TS. Conservative management of canine tracheal collapse with stanozolol: a double blinded, placebo control clinical trial. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:111-8. [PMID: 21496393 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of stanozolol in the treatment of tracheal collapse (TC) in dogs, which is the analogous disease to tracheomalacia (TM) in humans. Twenty-two dogs with endoscopically confirmed and graded TC were enrolled into five groups. Groups S1 (n=5), S2 (n=5) and S3 (n=4) with grade 1, 2 and 3 TC, respectively, received stanozolol orally for 75 days, while groups P1 (n=4) and P2 (n=4) with grade 1 and 2 TC, respectively, received placebo. The clinical score was evaluated every 15 days, whereas TC grade was reassessed at the end of the experiment. Clinical improvement was detected from the 30th day in S2 and S3 group dogs and from the 45th day in S1 group dogs and continued until the end of the experiment. Also, statistically significant differences were seen between S2 and P2 dogs from the 30th day, and between S1 and P1 dogs from the 60th day, and continued until the end of the study. Amelioration of the TC grade was seen in 13 of 14 (92.9%) dogs, which received stanozolol. Of the 14 dogs, 57.1% were cured and 35.8% demonstrated a less severe TC grade, while only one dog (7.1%) did not improve at all. Stanozolol seems to be an effective drug in the management of canine TC and it may have potential for use in humans with TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Adamama-Moraitou
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Fernandes DJ, Xu KF, Stewart AG. Anti-remodelling drugs for the treatment of asthma: requirement for animal models of airway wall remodelling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2001; 28:619-29. [PMID: 11473527 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Airway wall remodelling (AWR), the structural change induced by acute and chronic inflammation in the airways, may be one of the most significant and difficult to reverse components of progressive asthma. 2. The mechanisms underlying the development of AWR are not known. Studies of only the most superficial wall structures of large airways can be conducted in living humans because of the degree of invasiveness required to measure airway structural changes. These studies reveal that currently available agents do not fully prevent or reverse AWR. Thus, animal models of asthma pathology may be used to assess the contribution of particular mediators and cells to the development of remodelling and may also prove to be useful in the initial screening of potential anti-remodelling agents. 3. Airway hyperresponsiveness and AWR stimulated by chronic antigen challenge in previously disease-free animals is the most popular of the currently used models of remodelling. Other animal models include the use of specially bred strains with intrinsic airway hyperresponsiveness or animals that have a naturally occurring asthma-like disease, such as cats with feline asthma or horses with heaves. The further development of animal models of AWR will facilitate the development of novel anti-asthma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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12
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Falanga V, Greenberg AS, Zhou L, Ochoa SM, Roberts AB, Falabella A, Yamaguchi Y. Stimulation of collagen synthesis by the anabolic steroid stanozolol. J Invest Dermatol 1998; 111:1193-7. [PMID: 9856839 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that anabolic steroids, which are derived from testosterone and have markedly less androgenic activity, promote tissue growth and enhance tissue repair; however, the mechanisms involved in their anabolic activities remain unclear. In this report, we measured the effect of the anabolic steroid stanozolol on cell replication and collagen synthesis in cultures of adult human dermal fibroblasts. Stanozolol (0.625-5 microg per ml) had no effect on fibroblast replication and cell viability (p = 0.764) but enhanced collagen synthesis (p < 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.907). Stanozolol also increased (by 2-fold) the mRNA levels of alpha1 (I) and alpha1 (III) procollagen and, to a similar extent, upregulated transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA and peptide levels (p < 0.001). There was no stimulation of collagen synthesis by testosterone. The stimulatory effects of stanozolol on collagen synthesis were blocked by a TGF-beta1 anti-sense oligonucleotide, by antibodies to TGF-beta, and in dermal fibroblast cultures derived from TGF-beta1 knockout mice. We conclude that collagen synthesis is increased by the anabolic steroid stanozolol and that, for the most part, this effect is due to TGF-beta1. These findings point to a novel mechanism of action of anabolic steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Falanga
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Florida, USA
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Abstract
Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that were developed in the 1950s in an attempt to dissociate the anabolic and androgenic effects of testosterone. The anabolic steroid stanozolol has been particularly helpful because it has one of the largest anabolic/androgenic ratios. In addition, stanozolol has substantial fibrinolytic properties. We discuss the safety profile and the use of stanozolol for a variety of clinical applications. Stanozolol is approved for use in the treatment of hereditary angioedema, but numerous reports have detailed the effectiveness of this agent in the treatment of urticaria, Raynaud's phenomenon, and, more recently, cryofibrinogenemia and lipodermatosclerosis. Side effects are mostly dose related and are preventable with appropriate follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Helfman
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33101, USA
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Ellis AJ, Wright JK, Cawston TE, Hazleman BL. The differential responses of human skin and synovial fibroblasts to stanozolol in vitro: production of prostaglandin E2 and matrix metalloproteinases. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1992; 35:232-7. [PMID: 1529798 DOI: 10.1007/bf01997505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The anabolic steroid, stanozolol, is used therapeutically to treat a number of pathological conditions and its clinical effects suggest that it can modulate connective tissue breakdown. The ability of this compound to stimulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), collagenase, gelatinase and stromelysin production by human synovial and skin fibroblasts in vitro was examined. The results showed that stanozolol significantly stimulated, in a dose dependent manner, PGE2, collagenase and stromelysin production by skin fibroblasts. However, no stimulation was seen in the synovial cell lines. In contrast, no effect on gelatinase production was seen in either cell type, following exposure to stanozolol. The synovial and skin lines both exhibited a significant stimulation of PGE2 and all three metalloproteinases in response to interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). The anabolic steroids nortestosterone and oxymetholone demonstrated no ability to stimulate PGE2 or collagenase production in either skin or synovial fibroblasts. These results suggest that stanozolol exerts differential effects on skin and synovial fibroblasts in vitro which may enable the elucidation of the mechanism of action of the compound in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Ellis
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
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