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Leahy DE, Duncan R, Ahr HJ, Bayliss MK, de Boer A(BG, Darvas F, Fentem JH, Fry JR, Hopkins R, Houston JB, Karlsson J, Kedderis GL, Pratten MK, Prieto P, Smith DA, Straughan DW. Pharmacokinetics in Early Drug Research. Altern Lab Anim 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299702500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Leahy
- Lead Discovery Department, ZENECA Pharmaceuticals, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Ruth Duncan
- Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Hans J. Ahr
- PH-PD-T Research Toxicology, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Martin K. Bayliss
- Bioanalysis and Drug Metabolism, Glaxo Wellcome, Park Road, Ware, Herts. SG12 ODP, UK
| | - A. (Bert) G. de Boer
- Division of Pharmacology, LACDR, Sylvius Laboratories, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jeffrey R. Fry
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Robert Hopkins
- Corning Hazleton, Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG3 1PY, UK
| | - J. Brian Houston
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Johan Karlsson
- Elan Corporation Research Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Margaret K. Pratten
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Pilar Prieto
- ECVAM, JRC Environment Institute, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Dennis A. Smith
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK
| | - Donald W. Straughan
- FRAME, Russell & Burch House, 96–98 North Sherwood Street, Nottingham NG1 4EE, UK
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Brain penetration of colistin in mice assessed by a novel high-performance liquid chromatographic technique. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:4247-51. [PMID: 19667287 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00485-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of colistin concentrations in mouse brain homogenate. With a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-water (50:25:25 [vol/vol]) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, a linear correlation between peak area and colistin concentration was observed over the concentration range of 93.8 to 3,000 ng/g in brain tissue (R2 > 0.994). Intra- and interday coefficients of variation were 5.1 to 8.3% and 5.8 to 8.5%, respectively, and the recovery ranged from 85% to 94%. This assay was then utilized to determine the amount of colistin that permeated the blood-brain barrier over a 2-h period following bolus intravenous administration of colistin sulfate to mice. After a single dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight to mice, brain homogenate concentrations of colistin were very low, relative to plasma colistin concentrations, suggesting that colistin permeability across the healthy blood-brain barrier is negligible during this experimental period.
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Aigner A, Wolf S, Gassen HG. Transport und Entgiftung: Grundlagen, Ansätze und Perspektiven für die Erforschung der Blut-Hirn-Schranke. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971090105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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de Boer A, Breimer D. Reconstitution of the blood-brain barrier in cell culture for studies of drug transport and metabolism. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(96)00421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Poduslo JF, Curran GL, Berg CT. Macromolecular permeability across the blood-nerve and blood-brain barriers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:5705-9. [PMID: 8202551 PMCID: PMC44065 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.12.5705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The permeability of insulin (Ins), nerve growth factor (NGF), albumin (Alb), transferrin (Trf), and IgG across the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) in normal adult rats was quantified by measuring the (permeability coefficient x surface area) product (PS) with the i.v. bolus-injection technique in the cannulated brachial vein and artery using radioiodinated proteins. The PS values of the BNB for IgG and Alb were low: 0.079 +/- 0.029 x 10(-6) and 0.101 +/- 0.088 x 10(-6) ml.g-1.s-1, (mean +/- SD, respectively). The PS values for NGF and Trf were 16.1-fold and 25.5-fold higher than for Alb. The PS for Ins across the BNB was 33.190 +/- 2.053 x 10(-6) ml.g-1.s-1--a remarkable 329-fold increase compared with Alb. The PS values of the BBB for IgG and Alb in different brain regions were all low, from 0.028 +/- 0.017 to 0.151 +/- 0.035 x 10(-6) ml.g-1.s-1 (mean +/- SD). NGF and Trf had comparable PS values from 13- to 32-fold higher than for Alb, except for the brain stem, where the PS for Trf was 66-fold higher than for Alb. The mean PS for Ins across the BBB ranged from 15.78 +/- 5.45 x 10(-6) ml.g-1.s-1 for the cortex to 22.62 +/- 7.50 x 10(-6) ml.g-1.s-1 for the brain stem--again a remarkable 105- to 390-fold increase relative to Alb. Because reliable PS measurements were obtained for all proteins tested, the BBB and BNB cannot be considered impermeable to proteins--a concept that has plagued brain- and nerve-barrier research. The low PS values for IgG and Alb indicate low rates of transfer; however, Alb, in particular, is the major protein of endoneurial and ventricular fluid, which suggests that these PS values may be significant. Ins had the highest PS values, which likely reflect the mechanism of transport across the barriers--that is, receptor-mediated transport. Because NGF and Trf had PS values 13- to 66-fold higher than for Alb, whether this reflects receptor-mediated uptake, adsorptive-mediated transcytosis, or some other mechanism is unclear. That the PS values for NGF and Trf differ from Alb and IgG clearly suggests, however, a different uptake mechanism. Finally, the remarkably high PS values for Ins across the BBB and BNB identify this protein and its putative receptor on capillary endothelial cells as a potential target for drug delivery into the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Poduslo
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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Van Bree JB, De Boer AG, Danhof M, Breimer DD. Drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. III. Mechanisms and methods to improve drug delivery to the central nervous system. PHARMACY WORLD & SCIENCE : PWS 1993; 15:2-9. [PMID: 8485503 DOI: 10.1007/bf02116163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This is the third part of a review on the transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier. In the first two parts, the anatomical and physiological aspects and the various techniques that can be used to study blood-brain transport have been discussed and reviewed. This third part focuses specifically on the mechanisms that are involved in drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. In addition, the opportunities to improve drug transport into the brain will be reviewed. Emphasis is on the transport of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Van Bree
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Pharmacology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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