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Zhao L, Liang YT, Tian DB, Zhang RG, Huang J, Zhu YX, Zhou WL, Zhang YL. Regulation of smooth muscle contractility by the epithelium in rat tracheas: role of prostaglandin E 2 induced by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:313. [PMID: 33708940 PMCID: PMC7944331 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested the involvement of epithelium in modulating the contractility of neighboring smooth muscle cells. However, the mechanism underlying epithelium-derived relaxation in airways remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying epithelium-dependent smooth muscle relaxation mediated by neurotransmitters. Methods The contractile tension of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat tracheal rings were measured using a mechanical recording system. Intracellular Ca2+ level was measured using a Ca2+ fluorescent probe Fluo-3 AM, and the fluorescence signal was recorded by a laser scanning confocal imaging system. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results We observed that the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) restrained the electric field stimulation (EFS)-induced contraction in the intact but not epithelium-denuded rat tracheal rings. After inhibiting the muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) or cyclooxygenase (COX), a critical enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, the relaxant effect of ACh was attenuated. Exogenous PGE2 showed a similar inhibitory effect on the EFS-evoked contraction of tracheal rings. Moreover, ACh triggered phospholipase C (PLC)-coupled Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores and stimulated COX-dependent PGE2 production in primary cultured rat tracheal epithelial cells. Conclusions Collectively, this study demonstrated that ACh induced rat tracheal smooth muscle relaxation by promoting PGE2 release from tracheal epithelium, which might provide valuable insights into the cross-talk among neurons, epithelial cells and neighboring smooth muscle cells in airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Respiration, Qingyuan People's Hospital, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Bo Tian
- Department of Respiration, Qingyuan People's Hospital, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Gang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiehong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Gurdziel K, Vogt KR, Walton KD, Schneider GK, Gumucio DL. Transcriptome of the inner circular smooth muscle of the developing mouse intestine: Evidence for regulation of visceral smooth muscle genes by the hedgehog target gene, cJun. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:614-26. [PMID: 26930384 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digestion is facilitated by coordinated contractions of the intestinal muscularis externa, a bilayered smooth muscle structure that is composed of inner circular muscles (ICM) and outer longitudinal muscles (OLM). We performed transcriptome analysis of intestinal mesenchyme tissue at E14.5, when the ICM, but not the OLM, is present, to investigate the transcriptional program of the ICM. RESULTS We identified 3967 genes enriched in E14.5 intestinal mesenchyme. The gene expression profiles were clustered and annotated to known muscle genes, identifying a muscle-enriched subcluster. Using publically available in situ data, 127 genes were verified as expressed in ICM. Examination of the promoter and regulatory regions for these co-expressed genes revealed enrichment for cJUN transcription factor binding sites, and cJUN protein was enriched in ICM. cJUN ChIP-seq, performed at E14.5, revealed that cJUN regulatory regions contain characteristics of muscle enhancers. Finally, we show that cJun is a target of Hedgehog (Hh), a signaling pathway known to be important in smooth muscle development, and identify a cJun genomic enhancer that is responsive to Hh. CONCLUSIONS This work provides the first transcriptional catalog for the developing ICM and suggests that cJun regulates gene expression in the ICM downstream of Hh signaling. Developmental Dynamics 245:614-626, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gurdziel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Kyle R Vogt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Katherine D Walton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Gary K Schneider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
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Jing F, Liu M, Yang N, Liu Y, Li X, Li J. Relaxant effect of chloroquine in rat ileum: possible involvement of nitric oxide and BKCa. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:847-54. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Bitter perception has a particularly important role in host defence. However, to date, direct effects of bitter compounds on small intestinal motility have not been shown. This study investigated the effects of bitter compounds on the spontaneous contraction of longitudinal smooth muscle strips of rat ileum.
Methods
Isolated longitudinal smooth muscle strips of rat ileum were used for tension recording in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the localization of TAS2R10 receptors.
Key findings
The spontaneous contraction of rat ileum was decreased after chloroquine administration. Other bitter compounds, such as quinine, denatonium and saccharin, exhibited similar effects. Chloroquine-induced relaxation was not blocked by tetrodotoxin, but was partially reversed by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME or the large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel antagonist iberiotoxin. By surgically removing the small intestinal mucosa or bathing in Ca2+-free Krebs solution, the chloroquine-induced relaxation was largely attenuated. The immunofluorescence staining showed that TAS2R10 receptors were expressed in rat ileum.
Conclusions
The results indicate that bitter receptor agonists induce relaxation of longitudinal smooth muscle strips of rat ileum, which is mediated by nitric oxide and BKCa channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmiao Jing
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yinglu Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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Börjesson L, Delbro DS. Neurogenic and non-neurogenic mechanisms in response of rat distal colon muscle to dextran sulphate sodium treatment. Auton Neurosci 2003; 107:74-80. [PMID: 12963417 DOI: 10.1016/s1566-0702(03)00130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied, by organ bath methodology, how experimental colitis in rat, induced by the administration of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water (3% for 3 or 7 days, or 5% for 7 days; Controls received ordinary tap water), may influence spontaneous, contractile activity of the longitudinal muscle layer. DSS treatment caused a dose-dependent increase in phasic contractile activity of the colon muscle. This effect needed an optimal preload of the tissues to be evident, and was non-neurogenic (i.e. myogenic and/or paracrine) in nature. Moreover, the DSS treatment appeared to impair a neurogenic, nitric oxide (NO)-dependent, relaxant response to the stretch (i.e. preload) applied to the tissues. Inducible NO synthase was localized by immunohistochemistry to infiltrating mononuclear cells in the colon wall. We propose that NO, via the inducible pathway, exerts marked effects on the neuromuscular apparatus in the DSS model of experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Börjesson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Surgical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
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Peluso I, Campolongo P, Valeri P, Romanelli L, Palmery M. Intestinal motility disorder induced by free radicals: a new model mimicking oxidative stress in gut. Pharmacol Res 2002; 46:533-8. [PMID: 12457627 DOI: 10.1016/s1043661802002372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Literature data suggest that the inflamed intestine may be subjected to a considerable oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to simulate the oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract and to explore its effect on intestinal motility. This was attained by treating isolated segments from the rabbit jejunum and from the guinea pig ileum with 2,2'-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP), which generates peroxyl radicals by thermal decomposition. Treatment of intestinal segments with ABAP reduced the muscarinic cholinergic response to acetylcholine in both preparations and induced a dose-dependent inhibition of the spontaneous contractions in the jejunum, also in the presence of tetrodotoxin. ABAP was found to inhibit the contractile response induced by BaCl(2) in guinea pig ileum preparations. This effect was not dose-dependent and it was reversed by Bay-K 8644, which activates voltage operated L-type calcium channels. The rapid and reversible effects of ABAP suggest that it might directly affect L-type calcium channels before lipoperoxidation induction. In conclusion, the results of the present study show that ABAP could be a useful tool to simulate early contractility dysfunctions mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Peluso
- Department of Pharmacology of Natural Substances and General Physiology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Börjesson L, Aldenborg F, Delbro DS. Functional effects of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) treatment on the longitudinal muscle of rat distal colon. JOURNAL OF AUTONOMIC PHARMACOLOGY 2001; 21:121-9. [PMID: 11844019 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2680.2001.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The current study addressed how acute colitis, induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by the administration of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) in their drinking water, may affect some functional properties of the longitudinal muscle layer of the distal colon. 2. Dextran sulphate sodium was provided at a concentration of 3% for 3 or 7 days, or 5% for 7 days, and the rats were thereafter killed. Specimens of the distal colon were taken for histology or for organ bath experiments. 3. The colitis score increased significantly with increasing dose of DSS administered. At 5% concentration, there was sometimes even transmural inflammation. Functionally, there was a progressive increase in optimal preload (P(o)) for the contractile response to carbachol (1 microM), in relation to the severity of the colitis. At 5% DSS, the magnitude of the response to carbachol at P(o) was significantly increased compared with control rats. Such an effect could not be verified when, instead, K+ (60 mM) was used as a spasmogen. 4. It is concluded, that the colitis score increased in severity progressively with increasing amounts of DSS administered. The longitudinal muscle layer was functionally affected by the inflammation. Thus, there was a progressive increase in optimal preload for muscle contraction. Moreover, severe colitis resulted in an increase of the contractile response to carbachol, while a significant increase in the response to depolarization with K+ could not be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Börjesson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Surgical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
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Börjesson L, Nordgren S, Delbro DS. DMPP causes relaxation of rat distal colon by a purinergic and a nitrergic mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 334:223-31. [PMID: 9369352 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The non-adrenergic relaxation of carbachol precontracted longitudinal muscle of the rat distal colon was investigated. Intrinsic nerves were activated by the nicotinic, ganglionic receptor agonist, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP). DMPP at 1 and 4 microM caused a relaxation that was markedly antagonized by the nerve blocker tetrodotoxin (1 microM) or the nicotinic receptor antagonist, hexamethonium (1 mM). The response to DMPP was significantly antagonized by apamin (an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K+-channels), by reactive blue 2 (a blocker of P2y purinoceptors) and by an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO)-synthase (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine, L-NNA). The combined treatment with reactive blue 2 and L-NNA reduced the relaxatory response to 1 microM DMPP by 77 +/- 8% and to 4 microM DMPP by 58 +/- 4% of control, but left a residual component. Our results indicate that ATP and NO, together with at least one additional (hitherto unidentified) substance may be inhibitory neurotransmitters in rat distal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Börjesson
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Surgical Sciences, Göteborg University, Sweden
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