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Vaudreuil N, Kadow T, Yurube T, Hartman R, Ngo K, Dong Q, Pohl P, Coelho JP, Kang J, Vo N, Sowa G. NSAID use in intervertebral disc degeneration: what are the effects on matrix homeostasis in vivo? Spine J 2017; 17:1163-1170. [PMID: 28416438 PMCID: PMC5538909 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely used treatment for low back pain (LBP). Literature on NSAID use in articular cartilage has shown detrimental effects; however, minimal data exist to detail the effects of NSAIDs in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). As IDD is a major cause of LBP, we explored the effects of indomethacin, a commonly used NSAID, on disc matrix homeostasis in an animal model of IDD. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the effects of oral indomethacin administration on IDD in an in vivo rabbit model. This study hypothesized that indomethacin use would accelerate the progression of IDD based upon serial imaging and tissue outcomes. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This was a laboratory-based, controlled, in vivo evaluation of the effects of oral indomethacin administration on rabbit intervertebral discs. METHODS Six skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups: disc puncture alone to induce IDD (Puncture group) and disc puncture plus indomethacin (Punc+Ind group). The Punc+Ind group received daily administration of 6mg/kg oral indomethacin. Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The MRI index and the nucleus pulposus (NP) area were calculated. Discs were harvested at 12 weeks for determination of disc glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, relative gene expression measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and histologic analyses. RESULTS The MRI index and the NP area of punctured discs in the Punc+Ind group demonstrated no worsening of degeneration compared with the Puncture group. Histologic analysis was consistent with less severe disc degeneration in the Punc+Ind group. Minimal differences in gene expression of matrix genes were observed between Puncture and Punc+Ind groups. The GAG content was higher in animals receiving indomethacin in both annulus fibrosus and NP at adjacent uninjured discs. CONCLUSIONS Oral indomethacin administration did not result in acceleration of IDD in an in vivo rabbit model. Future research is needed to ascertain long-term effects of indomethacin and other NSAIDs on disc matrix homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Vaudreuil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop St, EBST 1640, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Tiffany Kadow
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takashi Yurube
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe, Japan
| | - Robert Hartman
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Ngo
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qing Dong
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pedro Pohl
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,ABC Medical School (FMABC), Discipline of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine Surgery Group, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J. Paulo Coelho
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James Kang
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nam Vo
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kadow T, Sowa G, Vo N, Kang JD. Molecular basis of intervertebral disc degeneration and herniations: what are the important translational questions? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015; 473:1903-12. [PMID: 25024024 PMCID: PMC4418989 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-014-3774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration is a common condition with few inexpensive and effective modes of treatment, but current investigations seek to clarify the underlying process and offer new treatment options. It will be important for physicians to understand the molecular basis for the pathology and how it translates to developing clinical treatments for disc degeneration. In this review, we sought to summarize for clinicians what is known about the molecular processes that causes disc degeneration. RESULTS A healthy disc requires maintenance of a homeostatic environment, and when disrupted, a catabolic cascade of events occurs on a molecular level resulting in upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, increased degradative enzymes, and a loss of matrix proteins. This promotes degenerative changes and occasional neurovascular ingrowth potentially contributing to the development of pain. Research demonstrates the molecular changes underlying the harmful effects of aging, smoking, and obesity seen clinically while demonstrating the variable influence of exercise. Finally, oral medications, supplements, biologic treatments, gene therapy, and stem cells hold great promise but require cautious application until their safety profiles are better outlined. CONCLUSIONS Intervertebral disc degeneration occurs where there is a loss of homeostatic balance with a predominantly catabolic metabolic profile. A basic understanding of the molecular changes occurring in the degenerating disc is important for practicing clinicians because it may help them to inform patients to alter lifestyle choices, identify beneficial or harmful supplements, or offer new biologic, genetic, or stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Kadow
- />Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, E1641 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- />Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Nam Vo
- />Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, E1641 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - James D. Kang
- />Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, E1641 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
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Böckelmann PK, Bechara IJ. The regeneration of the tail fin actinotrichia of carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus, 1758) under the action of naproxen. BRAZ J BIOL 2009; 69:1165-72. [PMID: 19967189 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842009000500022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A conglomerate of small, rigid, fusiform spicules known as actinotrichia sustains the edge of tail fins of teleost. After amputation, these structures show an extremely fast regenerative capacity. In this study we observed the effect of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, naproxen, used in the treatment of degenerative articular diseases, during the process of actinotrichia regeneration. For this purpose, regenerating tissue from animals in contact with the drug was submitted to histochemical and ultrastructural analysis in comparison to tissue from animals under normal conditions, i.e., not in contact with the drug in question. Actinotrichia regeneration was similar in both animals, indicating that naproxen, at the dose used in the present study, did not interfere with actinotrichia synthesis during the regenerative process of the tail fin. This could be because naproxen did not influence the expression of the genes required for the regeneration process, such as the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) gene, which is involved in actinotrichia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Böckelmann
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Silva RAD, Fagundes DJ, Silva ACMBA, Sisti KE, Carvalho TMMBD, Silva DNE. Effect of anti-inflammatory agents on the integration of autogenous bone graft and bovine bone devitalized matrix in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2008; 23:140-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502008000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To study the repair of bone defect filled with autograft or bovine bone devitalized matrix in rats under anti-inflammatory action. METHODS: Two hundred and forty Wistar rats were distributed to two groups of 120 animals each. A 2mm-diameter defect was created in the femoral diaphysis. Animals of Group I had the bone defect filled with autograft and those of Group II, with bovine bone devitalized matrix. Animals of each group were redistributed to four subgroups according to the intramuscular administration of anti-inflammatory drug or saline solution: A - diclofenac sodium; B - dexamethasone; C - meloxicam; D - saline solution. Evaluation periods were 7, 14 and 30 days. Histological evaluation consisted of quantifying the inflammatory process, the bone neoformation, the collagen formation and the presence of macrophages. RESULTS: Animals of Group I did not show significant difference considering inflammatory reaction. Significant and progressive increase of bone neoformation was observed in both groups. The animals that received meloxicam and autograft showed less collagen formation at 14 and 30 days. The number of macrophages was higher in Group II than in Group I. The animals treated with dexamethasone and saline solution did not show statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Diclofenac sodium and meloxicam delayed bone graft repair and dexamethasone did not interfere in it.
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Céleste C, Ionescu M, Robin Poole A, Laverty S. Repeated intraarticular injections of triamcinolone acetonide alter cartilage matrix metabolism measured by biomarkers in synovial fluid. J Orthop Res 2005; 23:602-10. [PMID: 15885481 DOI: 10.1016/j.orthres.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/19/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although intraarticular (IA) corticosteroids are frequently used to treat joint disease, the effects of their repeated use on articular cartilage remains controversial. The aim of our study was to determine the effects of a clinically recommended dose of IA triamcinolone acetonide (TA), on synovial fluid (SF) biomarkers of cartilage metabolism. Ten adult horses, free of osteoarthritis (OA) in their radiocarpal joints, were studied. One radiocarpal joint of each horse was randomly chosen for treatment and the contralateral anatomically paired joint acted as the control. Aseptic arthrocentesis was performed weekly on both joints for 13 weeks. The initial results from the first 3 weeks of the experimental period established baseline untreated control marker levels for each joint, each being its own control. On weeks 3, 5, and 7, a sterile suspension of 12 mg of TA was injected into the treated joint and an equivalent volume of sterile saline solution (0.9%) was injected into the control joint. SF was immunoassayed for biomarkers of aggrecan turnover (CS 846 & KS), types I and II collagen cleavage (C1,2C) and type II collagen synthesis (CPII). In treated joints, there was a significant increase in CS 846, KS, C1,2C and CPII epitope concentrations following IA TA injections when compared to baseline levels. There was also a significant increase in C1,2C and CPII epitope concentrations in the contralateral control joints following IA TA injections in the treated joint. Significant differences were observed between treated and control joints for all markers except CPII. These findings indicate that TA alters articular cartilage and collagen metabolism in treated and, interestingly, also in control joints, suggesting a systemic effect of the drug. Though intuitively the observed findings would favor the hypothesis that long-term IA TA treatment changes joint metabolism and this may have detrimental effects; further studies would be necessary to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Céleste
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Que., Canada
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Fushimi K, Nakashima S, Banno Y, Akaike A, Takigawa M, Shimizu K. Implication of prostaglandin E(2) in TNF-alpha-induced release of m-calpain from HCS-2/8 chondrocytes. Inhibition of m-calpain release by NSAIDs. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004; 12:895-903. [PMID: 15501405 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calpains are known as Ca(2+)-dependent intracellular neutral cysteine proteases. However, m-calpain is detected in synovial fluid of arthritic joints and is shown to possess the proteoglycanase activity in vitro. The mechanism of m-calpain release into the extracellular spaces during arthritis has not yet been well characterized. In the present study, we have analyzed m-calpain release from cultured chondrocytes stimulated by a proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on m-calpain release were also examined. METHODS Human chondrocytic HCS-2/8 cells were stimulated by TNF-alpha in the presence or absence of an NSAID. m-Calpain in the cells and culture medium was quantified by Western blot analysis using an anti-m-calpain antibody. Western blots were subjected to densitometric analysis and band intensities were determined. RESULTS TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml) stimulated m-calpain release with transient increase in cellular m-calpain in HCS-2/8 cells. NSAIDs examined (aspirin, loxoprofen-SRS, diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and NS398) inhibited m-calpain release and production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) induced by 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha. Exogenously added PGE(2) accelerated the release of m-calpain in response to a lower concentration of TNF-alpha (1 ng/ml). AH6809, an EP1/2 antagonist, but not SC19220 (an EP1 antagonist), effectively inhibited TNF-alpha-induced m-calpain release. In contrast, butaprost, an EP2 agonist, accelerated release of m-calpain by 1 ng/ml TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TNF-alpha stimulates upregulation and release of m-calpain in chondrocytic HCS-2/8 cells, and that stimulation of EP2-PGE(2) receptor by produced PGE(2) is deeply involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fushimi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Dvorak LD, Cook JL, Kreeger JM, Kuroki K, Tomlinson JL. Effects of carprofen and dexamethasone on canine chondrocytes in a three-dimensional culture model of osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63:1363-9. [PMID: 12371761 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine effects of carprofen and dexamethasone on chondrocytes in a culture model of osteoarthritis (OA). SAMPLE POPULATION Chondrocytes isolated from articular cartilage of the humeral head of 5 adult dogs. PROCEDURE Chondrocytes were harvested, cultured and subcultured in monolayer, and then cultured in a 3-dimensional (3-D) medium. Cells from each dog were distributed into 6 groups with differing content of liquid medium for each 3-D construct (agarose [AG], AG plus interleukin [IL]-1beta, AG plus carprofen [4 microg/mL], AG plus dexamethasone [1 mg/mL], AG plus IL-1beta [20 ng/mL] plus carprofen [4 microg/mL], and AG plus IL-1beta (20 ng/mL) plus dexamethasone (1 mg/mL). On days 3, 6, 12, and 20 of culture, samples from all groups were collected. Liquid media were assayed for glycosaminoglycan, prostaglandin (PG)E2, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-3, and MMP-13 concentrations. All 3-D constructs were evaluated for viability, cell morphology, proteoglycan staining, and collagen type-II concentration. Total glycosaminoglycan content in each 3-D construct was quantitated by spectrophotometric assay. RESULTS Addition of IL-1beta caused a significant loss of cell viability and matrix production. Addition of carprofen or dexamethasone caused significant decreases in PGE2 in the liquid media, and each was minimally effective in protecting chondrocytes against negative effects of IL-1beta. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Human recombinant IL-1beta resulted in loss of cell viability, alterations in extracellular matrix components, and production of PG and MMP Carprofen and dexamethasone had little effect on cell and matrix variables but did decrease PGE2 concentrations and primarily affected the inflammatory pathway of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Dvorak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA
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Sadowski T, Steinmeyer J. Effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and dexamethasone on the activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 by bovine articular chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2001; 9:407-15. [PMID: 11467888 DOI: 10.1053/joca.2000.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the in-vitro effects of several non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone on the IL-1 altered expression and activity of MMP-1, MMP-3 and TIMP-1 by bovine articular chondrocytes. DESIGN Bovine chondrocytes were cultured in alginate gel beads. Cells were treated with IL-1alpha in the presence of vehicle or drugs at various concentrations. After 48 h mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) was analysed by RT-PCR-ELISA. The protein synthesis of TIMP-1 and MMP-3 was determined by immunoprecipitation. The activity of enzymes and inhibitors was measured by functional assays. RESULTS IL-1 increased the expression and activity of MMPs. In contrast, TIMP activity remained unchanged although TIMP-1 expression was down-regulated. All tested NSAIDs and dexamethasone inhibited collagenase activity induced by IL-1. Transcript levels of MMP-1, however, were only reduced by indomethacin, meloxicam, naproxen and dexamethasone. Proteoglycanase activity was only reduced by indomethacin, meloxicam and dexamethasone. These effects were pre-translational as confirmed by immunoprecipitation. The IL-1 decreased expression of TIMP-1 was further reduced by dexamethasone, which resulted in a significant loss of TIMP activity. No effects on TIMP activity or TIMP-1 biosynthesis were observed after treatment of chondrocytes with NSAIDs. CONCLUSION Our studies clearly demonstrate that marked differences exist between individual NSAIDs with respect to their ability to modulate the imbalance between proteases and inhibitors during OA and RA, suggesting that the respective modes of action are independent of the inhibition of cyclooxygenases. Due to their co-regulation of MMPs and TIMP(s) glucocorticoids should be carefully studied for their overall effect on ECM proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sadowski
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Germany.
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Effect of intra-articular versus systemic anti-inflammatory drugs in a rabbit model of temporomandibular joint inflammation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2391(98)90612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chichester CO, Barrach HJ, Srinivas GR, Mitchell P. Immunological detection of type II collagen degradation: use in the evaluation of anti-arthritic therapies. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48:694-8. [PMID: 8866331 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb03953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Propagated Swaram rat chondrosarcoma cells, rabbit chrondrocytes (from articular cartilage of knee, shoulder and hip joints), and bovine nasal cartilage explant cultures were studied. Type II collagen (CII) and its peptide fragments were quantitated in cell medium and cell layer separately, using two previously developed assays; one assay employed a monoclonal antibody, C4F6, that reacts specifically with triple helical CII and the other assay used an antibody, EIE5, that reacts specifically with a peptide of CII. A time-dependent increase in the content of CII and CII-derived peptides was observed in both rat and rabbit cultures. In both culture systems the majority of the native type II collagen is found associated with the cell layer (97% in rat cultures and 73% in rabbit cultures), while the major part of the CII peptides is found in the media (73% in rat cultures, 88% in the rabbit cultures). The concentration of peptides in the media reaches approximately 2 micrograms mL-1 in both chondrocyte monolayer cultures after 4 days. The CII peptide assay employing E1E5 was well suited to quantitate articular cartilage collagen degradation in explant culture. thus it can be used to evaluate potential therapeutic agents that can modify or inhibit cartilage degradation. The assay has the added potential that it could be used in-vivo to evaluate the effectiveness of potential metalloproteinase inhibitors in animal models of osteoarthritis or in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Chichester
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, USA
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