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Speksnijder L, Cohen-Overbeek TE, Knapen MFCM, Lunshof SM, Hoogeboom AJM, van den Ouwenland AM, de Coo IFM, Lequin MH, Bolz HJ, Bergmann C, Biesecker LG, Willems PJ, Wessels MW. A de novo GLI3 mutation in a patient with acrocallosal syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1394-400. [PMID: 23633388 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Acrocallosal syndrome is characterized by postaxial polydactyly, macrocephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and severe developmental delay. In a few patients with this disorder, a mutation in the KIF7 gene has been reported, which was associated with impaired GLI3 processing and dysregulaton of GLI3 transcription factors. A single patient with acrocallosal syndrome and a de novo p.Ala934Pro mutation in GLI3 has been reported, whereas diverse and numerous GLI3 mutations have also been described in syndromes with overlapping clinical manifestations, including Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome, Pallister-Hall syndrome, trigonocephaly with craniosynostosis and polydactyly, oral-facial-digital syndrome, and non-syndromic polydactyly. Here, we describe a second patient with acrocallosal syndrome, who has a de novo, novel c.2786T>C mutation in GLI3, which predicts p.Leu929Pro. This mutation is in the same domain as the mutation in the previously reported patient. These data confirm that mutations in GLI3 are a cause of the acrocallosal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Speksnijder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Walsh DM, Shalev SA, Simpson MA, Morgan NV, Gelman-Kohan Z, Chemke J, Trembath RC, Maher ER. Acrocallosal syndrome: Identification of a novel KIF7 mutation and evidence for oligogenic inheritance. Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:39-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ali BR, Silhavy JL, Akawi NA, Gleeson JG, Al-Gazali L. A mutation in KIF7 is responsible for the autosomal recessive syndrome of macrocephaly, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia and distinctive facial appearance. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7:27. [PMID: 22587682 PMCID: PMC3492204 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported the existence of a unique autosomal recessive syndrome consisting of macrocephaly, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia and distinctive facial appearance mapping to chromosome 15q26. Methods In this manuscript, we have used whole exome sequencing on two affected members of a consanguineous family with this condition and carried out detailed bioinformatics analysis to elucidate the causative mutation. Results Our analysis resulted in the identification of a homozygous p.N1060S missense mutation in a highly conserved residue in KIF7, a regulator of Hedgehog signaling that has been recently found to be causing Joubert syndrome, fetal hydrolethalus and acrocallosal syndromes. The phenotype in our patients partially overlaps with the phenotypes associated with those syndromes but they also exhibit some distinctive features including multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. Conclusions We report the first missense homozygous disease-causing mutation in KIF7 and expand the clinical spectrum associated with mutations in this gene to include multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. The missense nature of the mutation might account for the unique presentation in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam R Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P,O, Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Chen CP. Syndromes, Disorders and Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Neural Tube Defects (I). Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 47:1-9. [PMID: 18400576 DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(08)60048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Fernandez C, Soulier M, Coulibaly B, Liprandi A, Benoit B, Giuliano F, Sigaudy S, Figarella-Branger D, Fallet-Bianco C. Acrocallosal syndrome in fetus: focus on additional brain abnormalities. Acta Neuropathol 2008; 115:151-6. [PMID: 17593378 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-007-0249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acrocallosal syndrome (ACS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism, agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, duplication of the phalanges of the hallux, more rarely the thumbs, post-axial polydactyly, syndactyly and severe mental retardation. Here we report the two first descriptions of acrocallosal syndrome in fetus with extensive neuropathological study and provide new data regarding additional brain abnormalities in ACS. The first case was a 25-gestational week male fetus displaying craniofacial and limb abnormalities, with bilateral syndactyly of the fourth and fifth fingers, preaxial polydactyly of the left foot and an inter-frontal extra-bone. The second fetus was a 33-gestational week male fetus. His left hand displayed a broad thumb and 4/5 syndactyly. In both cases, gross examination of the brain showed an absence of corpus callosum associated with interhemispheric cysts. The cerebral cortex in front of the cysts was nodular. Upon microscopic examination, the nodular masses corresponded to large dysplastic areas represented by clusters of undifferentiated neurons in the white matter. The cyst wall showed arachnoidal and ependymal covering and contained numerous choroid plexus, suggesting a developmental abnormality of the ventricles. The pons and the cerebellum were hypoplastic. The dentate nuclei were fragmented. Numerous neuronal heterotopias associated with ectopic ependymal cavities were observed in the vermis in one case. The olivary nuclei were severely dysplastic too. We hope that these new data will make both the ante- and post-natal diagnosis easier, facilitate comparisons with animal models and encourage the identification of the genes responsible for this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fernandez
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique et Neuropathologie, Hôpital de la Timone Adultes, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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Hing AV, Syed N, Cunningham ML. Familial acromelic frontonasal dysostosis: autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 128A:374-82. [PMID: 15264282 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acromelic frontonasal dysostosis (AFND) represents a subgroup of patients with frontonasal malformation with limb abnormalities including preaxial polydactyly and tibial hypoplasia. Previous case reports have suggested autosomal recessive inheritance, given parental consanguinity. However, no affected siblings have been described. Longitudinal clinical history is limited as many do not survive the first years of life. The molecular basis of AFND is not known. Previous investigators have proposed that AFND may result from a perturbation in the Sonic Hedgehog pathway. We present clinical and radiographic findings in two unrelated boys, ages 8 and 9 years, with AFND, one of whom has a family history suggesting dominant inheritance. A focused study of genetic marker data and candidate gene mutation analysis in this family is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne V Hing
- Division of Genetics and Development, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6320, USA.
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Abstract
This article reports two families with children having acrocallosal syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by agenesis of corpus callosum, facial dysmorphism and polydactyly along with psychomotor retardation. Both families sought genetic counseling in subsequent pregnancies. Although the gene for the disorder is not yet identified, prenatal diagnosis was attempted by ultrasound studies. In both families, an affected fetus was diagnosed in the presence of postaxial polydactyly of hands and absence of corpus callosum. It is emphasized that pediatricians should make precise diagnosis in cases of dysmorphism and mental retardation, as this enable prenatal diagnosis in future pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Bijarnia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Agenesis and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum is a frequent anomaly that presents with a spectrum of clinical features and exhibits variable findings in neurological studies. Clinical signs and symptoms are the result of cerebral and extracerebral malformations associated with callosal dysgenesis. Callosal agenesis may be an isolated anomaly or may be syndromic as part of more extensive malformations, metabolic and genetic disorders. The advent of modern techniques and equipment for neuroimaging have allowed us to define with more precision the type and severity of the callosal dysgenesis and accompanying other cerebral malformations. Molecular genetic studies allow the recognition and confirmation of new syndromes that until now were incompletely defined. In the context of these new pathologic entities, a new classification is proposed that may prove to be more useful than the traditional single category, "agenesis of the corpus callosum" and can serve as a basis for a later, more detailed, etiologic classification that integrates morphology and molecular genetics.
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Koenig R, Bach A, Woelki U, Grzeschik KH, Fuchs S. Spectrum of the acrocallosal syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 108:7-11. [PMID: 11857542 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acrocallosal syndrome (ACS) is an autosomal recessive condition, characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, pre- and postaxial polydactyly, minor craniofacial anomalies, and, in most patients, severe psychomotor retardation. We here report on three patients with ACS demonstrating a spectrum from mild to severe involvement. Two patients had only mild to moderate mental retardation at the age of 2(1/2) and 4 years, respectively, with surprisingly good speech development. The third patient was severely affected and died at age 7 days because of persistent apnea. All three patients had agenesis of the corpus callosum, and large intracranial cysts, which in the third case was confirmed as a large arachnoid cyst at autopsy. Cranial cysts were also seen in 10/34 published cases of ACS. Thus, intracerebral cysts are a common finding in ACS and may serve in differentiating ACS from Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Koenig
- Department of Human Genetics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Christensen B, Blaas HG, Isaksen CV, Roald B, Orstavik KH. Sibs with anencephaly, anophthalmia, clefts, omphalocele, and polydactyly: hydrolethalus or acrocallosal syndrome? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 91:231-4. [PMID: 10756349 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000320)91:3<231::aid-ajmg15>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Major characteristics of the acrocallosal syndrome include severe mental retardation, agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, and polydactyly of fingers and toes. In the past few years, anencephaly has also been noted, together with other midline defects. We report on a nonconsanguineous, Norwegian couple with a history of two pregnancies with a male and a female fetus, respectively, with anencephaly, median cleft lip and palate, omphalocele, and preaxial polydactyly, suggesting the diagnosis of the acrocallosal syndrome. Both fetuses also lacked eyes and nose, a finding not previously reported in the acrocallosal syndrome. Microphthalmia has been reported in the hydrolethalus syndrome, which may be caused by mutations in the same gene as the acrocallosal syndrome. The present report adds support to the hypothesis that the acrocallosal and hydrolethalus syndromes may be allelic conditions. The family history is consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Christensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ullevâl University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
This report describes the case of an 18-month-old Caucasian male infant with clinical and radiological findings indicative of the Schinzel acrocallosal syndrome. He was born to non-consangiuneous parents. His father had been diagnosed with Greig syndrome. The patient underwent surgery for preaxial polysyndactyly of both hands and feet. The similarity to the Greig syndrome is discussed. It is possible that both the acrocallosal syndrome and the Greig syndrome are variant expressions of the same autosomal dominant condition. Surgery may improve thumb opposition and shoe wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bonatz
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Courtens W, Vamos E, Christophe C, Schinzel A. Acrocallosal syndrome in an Algerian boy born to consanguineous parents: review of the literature and further delineation of the syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1997; 69:17-22. [PMID: 9066878 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970303)69:1<17::aid-ajmg4>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a 17-month-old boy with the acrocallosal syndrome. He was born to consanguineous parents. Abnormal findings included agenesis of the corpus callosum, a ventricular septal defect (VSD), postaxial polydactyly of fingers, cleft soft palate, intestinal malrotation, large anterior fontanelle, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, short nose and mandible and preauricular skin tags, mixed hearing loss, laryngomalacia, and growth and severe motor and mental retardation. A review of previous reports on the acrocallosal syndrome shows considerable clinical variability; minimal diagnostic criteria are proposed. A developmental field defect with disturbance of midline development is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Courtens
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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Kedar I, Amiel A, Fejgin M, Drugan A. Recurrent anencephaly as a primary manifestation of the acrocallosal syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1996; 62:415-6. [PMID: 8723075 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320620405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Christianson AL, Venter PA, Du Toit JL, Shipalana N, Gericke GS. Acrocallosal syndrome in two African brothers born to consanguineous parents. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1994; 51:98-101. [PMID: 8092201 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320510204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe two mentally retarded brothers with craniofacial anomalies, polydactyly, and other clinical manifestations compatible with the acrocallosal syndrome (ACS). These are the first black patients from Africa with this diagnosis. They are also the fourth set of sibs described with ACS, and together with the parental consanguinity documented in this family, confirm autosomal recessive inheritance of this syndrome. The clinical manifestations in our patients confirm the intrafamilial variability of the syndrome. Postnatal onset of growth retardation is proposed as an additional manifestation of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Christianson
- Department of Human Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Kozlowski K, Ouvrier RA. Agenesis of the corpus callosum with mental retardation and osseous lesions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 48:6-9. [PMID: 8357037 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320480104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on a patient with agenesis of corpus callosum, mental retardation, and unusual hitherto undescribed bone changes. The latter include multiple Wormian bones, thin ribs, short, straight, laterally tapering clavicles, small iliac bodies, high iliac angles, triangular areas of sclerosis in the iliac bones, minimal metaphyseal irregularity, striated trabecular pattern in some metaphyses, granular ossification pattern of the patellae, hypoplastic distal phalanges, minimal flatness of phalangeal epiphyses, and retarded bone age. This patient represents a new mental retardation syndrome with agenesis of corpus callosum and unusual bone changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kozlowski
- Department of Radiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Millichap JG. Acrocallosal Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol Briefs 1991. [DOI: 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-5-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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