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Malhotra M, Puglia MK, Baveghems CL, Pattammattel A, Koubeck ME, Bruder K, Kumar CV. One-step preparation of bioactive enzyme/inorganic materials. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8451-8463. [PMID: 34545909 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01652k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous exfoliation of crystalline α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) nanosheets and enzyme binding, induced by shearing, without the addition of any toxic additives is reported here for the first time. These materials were thoroughly characterized and used for applications. The bulk α-ZrP material (20 mg mL-1) was exfoliated with low concentrations of a protein such as bovine serum albumin (BSA, 3 mg mL-1) in a shear reactor at 10k rpm for <80 minutes. Exfoliation was monitored by powder X-ray diffraction with samples displaying a gradual but complete loss of the 7.6 Å (002) peak, which is characteristic of bulk α-ZrP. The fully exfoliated sample loaded with the protein was characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy in addition to other biophysical methods. Lysozyme, glucose oxidase, met-hemoglobin, and ovalbumin also induced exfoliation and directly produced enzyme/ZrP biocatalysts. Thus, exfoliation, biophilization and enzyme binding are accomplished in a single step. Several factors contributed to the exfoliation kinetics, and the rate increased with α-ZrP and BSA concentrations and decreased with pH. However, the exfoliation efficiency inversely depended on the isoelectric point of the protein with ovalbumin (pI = 4.5) being the best and lysozyme (pI = 11.1) being the worst. A strong correlation between the protein size and exfoliation efficiency was noted, and the latter suggests the role of hydrodynamic factors in the process. Exfoliation was also achieved by simple stirring using a magnetic stirrer, under low volumes, and model enzymes, indicating 60-90% retention of bound enzymatic activities. The addition of BSA to enzymes as the diluent and stabilizing agent also prevents enzymes from the denaturing effect caused by stirring. This new method requires no pre-treatment of α-ZrP with toxic exfoliating agents such as tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide and provides bioactive enzyme/inorganic materials in a single step. These protein-loaded biocompatible nanosheets may be useful for biocatalysis and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Malhotra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U3060, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Megan K Puglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U3060, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Clive L Baveghems
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U3060, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Ajith Pattammattel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U3060, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Monica E Koubeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U3060, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Katharine Bruder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U3060, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Challa V Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U3060, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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Decaillon JG, Andrès Y, Mokili BM, Abbé JC, Tournoux M, Patarin J. STUDY OF THE ION EXCHANGE SELECTIVITY OF LAYERED TITANOSILICATE Na3(Na,H)Ti2O2[Si2O6]2ċ2H2O, AM-4, FOR STRONTIUM. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/sei-120003027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yinjie S, Aimin Z. Ion exchange properties of crystalline bismuth molybdenum hydrous oxide and its intercalates: Equilibrium and kinetics of UO 2 2+ ions on the crystals. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02387997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Corma A. From Microporous to Mesoporous Molecular Sieve Materials and Their Use in Catalysis. Chem Rev 1997; 97:2373-2420. [PMID: 11848903 DOI: 10.1021/cr960406n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2816] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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