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Magierowska K, Bakalarz D, Wójcik D, Chmura A, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Licholai S, Korbut E, Kwiecien S, Sliwowski Z, Ginter G, Brzozowski T, Magierowski M. Time-dependent course of gastric ulcer healing and molecular markers profile modulated by increased gastric mucosal content of carbon monoxide released from its pharmacological donor. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:71-83. [PMID: 30753813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Besides hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) contributes to the maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity. We investigated increased CO bioavailability effects on time-dependent dynamics of gastric ulcer healing mediated by particular growth factors, anti-inflammatory and molecular pathways. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wistar rats with gastric ulcers induced by serosal acetic acid application (day 0) were treated i.g. throughout 3, 6 or 14 days with vehicle or CO-releasing tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2, 2.5 mg/kg). Gross and microscopic alterations in gastric ulcer size and gastric blood flow (GBF) at ulcer margin were determined by planimetry, histology and laser flowmetry, respectively. Gastric mRNA/protein expressions of platelet derived growth factors (PDGFA-D), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) and their receptors, heme oxygenases (HMOX), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, anti-inflammatory annexin-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) were assessed by real-time PCR or Western blot. TGF-β1-3 and IL-10 plasma concentration were measured using Luminex platform. Prostaglandin E2 content at ulcer margin was assessed by ELISA. KEY RESULTS CORM-2 decreased ulcer area and increased GBF after 6 and 14 days of treatment comparing to vehicle. CO donor upregulated HGF, HGFr, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, TGF-β1, annexin-1 and maintained increased IGF-1, PDGFC and EGF expression at various time-intervals of ulcer healing. TGF-β3 and IL-10 plasma concentration were significantly increased after COMR-2 vs. vehicle. CONCLUSIONS CO time-dependently accelerates gastric ulcer healing and raises GBF at ulcer margin by mechanism involving subsequent upregulation of anti-inflammatory, growth promoting and angiogenic factors response, not observed physiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dominik Bakalarz
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Research, 9 Westerplatte Street, 31-033 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dagmara Wójcik
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Chmura
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Sabina Licholai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 8 Skawinska Street, 31-066 Cracow, Poland
| | - Edyta Korbut
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Ginter
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
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Magierowski M, Magierowska K, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Surmiak M, Sliwowski Z, Wierdak M, Kwiecien S, Chmura A, Brzozowski T. Cross-talk between hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide in the mechanism of experimental gastric ulcers healing, regulation of gastric blood flow and accompanying inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 149:131-142. [PMID: 29203367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) exert gastroprotection against acute gastric lesions. We determined the cross-talk between H2S and CO in gastric ulcer healing process and regulation of gastric blood flow (GBF) at ulcer margin. Male Wistar rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers were treated i.g. throughout 9 days with vehicle (control), NaHS (0.1-10 mg/kg) +/- zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP, 10 mg/kg), d,l-propargylglycine (PAG, 30 mg/kg), CO-releasing CORM-2 (2.5 mg/kg) +/- PAG. GBF was assessed by laser flowmetry, ulcer area was determined by planimetry/histology. Gastric mucosal H2S production was analysed spectrophotometrically. Protein and/or mRNA expression at ulcer margin for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), heme oxygenases (HOs), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, TNF-α and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α were determined by real-time PCR or western blot. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, GM-CSF plasma concentration was assessed using Luminex platform. NaHS dose-dependently decreased ulcer area and increased GBF but ZnPP attenuated these effects. PAG decreased H2S production but failed to affect CORM-2-mediated ulcer healing and vasodilation. NaHS increased Nrf-2, EGFr, VEGFA and decreased pro-inflammatory markers expression and IL-1β, IL-2, IL-13, TNF-α, GM-CSF plasma concentration. CORM-2 decreased IL-1β and GM-CSF plasma levels. We conclude that NaHS accelerates gastric ulcer healing increasing microcirculation and Nrf-2, EGFr, VEGFA expression. H2S-mediated ulcer healing involves endogenous CO activity while CO does not require H2S. NaHS decreases systemic inflammation more effectively than CORM-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierdak
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Chmura
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street 31-531 Cracow, Poland
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Magierowski M, Magierowska K, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Sliwowski Z, Ginter G, Pajdo R, Chmura A, Kwiecien S, Brzozowski T. Carbon monoxide released from its pharmacological donor, tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer, accelerates the healing of pre-existing gastric ulcers. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3654-3668. [PMID: 28768046 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Carbon monoxide (CO), a gaseous mediator produced by haem oxygenases (HOs), has been shown to prevent stress-, ethanol-, aspirin- and alendronate-induced gastric damage; however, its role in gastric ulcer healing has not been fully elucidated. We investigated whether CO released from tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2) can affect gastric ulcer healing and determined the mechanisms involved in this healing action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Gastric ulcers were induced in Wistar rats by serosal application of acetic acid. Animals received 9 days of treatment with RuCl3 [2.5 mg·kg-1 intragastrically (i.g.)], haemin (5 mg·kg-1 i.g.), CORM-2 (0.1-10 mg·kg-1 i.g.) administered alone or with zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP, 10 mg·kg-1 i.g.), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 5 mg·kg-1 i.g.), NG -nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA, 15 mg·kg-1 i.g.), indomethacin (5 mg·kg-1 i.g.) or glibenclamide (10 mg·kg-1 i.g.). Gastric ulcer area and gastric blood flow (GBF) were assessed planimetrically, microscopically and by laser flowmeter respectively. Gastric mRNA/protein expressions of EGF, EGF receptors, VEGFA, HOs, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), COX-2, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and pro-inflammatory iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α were determined by real-time PCR or Western blots. KEY RESULTS CORM-2 and haemin but not RuCl3 or ZnPP decreased ulcer size while increasing GBF. These effects were reduced by ODQ, indomethacin, l-NNA and glibenclamide. CORM-2 significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, Nrf2/HO1 and HIF-1α, and up-regulated EGF. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS CO released from CORM-2 or endogenously produced by the HO1/Nrf2 pathway accelerates gastric ulcer healing via an increase in GBF, an up-regulation in EGF expression and down-regulation of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Ginter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Robert Pajdo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Chmura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Obeid T, Krishnan A, Abdalla G, Schweitzer M, Magnuson T, Steele KE. GERD Is Associated with Higher Long-Term Reoperation Rates After Bariatric Surgery. J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 20:119-24; discussion 124. [PMID: 26489741 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-015-2993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although bariatric surgery is a safe and effective treatment for morbid obesity, long-term reoperation remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality for the patient. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGBP) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) surgeries at our institution between 2009 and 2013. Main outcome of interest was reoperation rate up to current date. Final logistic regression model included age, gender, BMI at time of operation, race (Caucasian vs African American), surgery time, length of stay, history of diabetes, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), type of surgery, and readmission. RESULTS A total of 533 patients underwent either LGBP or LSG surgery between 2009 and 2013. Overall reoperation rate was 9.0% and mean follow-up was 43.9 months (median 45). When stratified by race, preoperative GERD in Caucasians was associated with a significant 2.2-fold increased risk of reoperation (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.8, P = .043). GERD in African Americans had a small nonsignificant increased risk. Other significant predictors included length of stay and readmission (OR 2.1, P = 0.029; OR 5.0, P < 0.000). CONCLUSION Preoperative GERD in Caucasian bariatric patients is associated with a higher risk of reoperation. Lengthy hospital stay and readmission within 30 days of laparoscopic bariatric surgery are independent predictors of higher reoperation rates.
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Klein-Júnior LC, Santin JR, Lemos M, Silveira ACDO, Rocha JAR, Beber AP, Wagner TM, Bresolin TMB, Bella-Cruz A, Cechinel-Filho V, Faloni de Andrade S. Role of gastric mucus secretion, oxinitrergic system and sulfhydryl groups on the gastroprotection elicited by Polygala cyparissias (Polygalaceae) in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:767-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study has aimed to assess the mechanisms of action for the gastroprotective effect of the acetone extract (PCAE) and methanol fraction (PCMF) of Polygala cyparissias, as well as to evaluate the activity of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone (1), 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyxanthone (2) and astragalin (3).
Methods
Gastric secretion and mucus content were determined by pylorus ligation in mice. Nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl group participation were observed by the pretreatment of mice with L-NAME or NEM. Acute ulcer was induced by ethanol/HCl and chronic ulcer by acetic acid. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was evaluated by the agar solid dilution assay.
Key findings
Neither PCAE nor PCMF had the ability to reduce H+ concentration. However, both of them enhanced mucus secretion. PCAE demonstrated its gastroprotection in a NO-dependent manner, while PCMF exerted the activity depending on the sulfhydryl group. In chronic ulcer, the curative ratios for the PCAE and PCMF were 67.5 and 58.4%, respectively. No effect over H. pylori was detected. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 were able to reduce lesions in the order of 79.6, 73.8 and 67.6%, respectively.
Conclusions
The data suggested that PCAE and PCMF displayed antiulcer activity due to different mechanisms and with the participation of phenolic compounds obtained from the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Carlos Klein-Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Santin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Marivane Lemos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Conrado de Oliveira Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade de Blumenau – FURB, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - Jady Alice Rodrigues Rocha
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Beber
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Theodoro Marcel Wagner
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade da Região de Joinville, Joinville, Brazil
| | - Tania Mari Bellé Bresolin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bella-Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
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Antonio JM, Gracioso JS, Toma W, Lopez LC, Oliveira F, Brito ARMS. Antiulcerogenic activity of ethanol extract of Solanum variabile (false "jurubeba"). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 93:83-8. [PMID: 15182909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2002] [Revised: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 03/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The ethanol extract (EE) of the aerial parts of Solanum variabile Mart. (Solanaceae) was investigated for its ability to prevent ulceration of the gastric and duodenal mucosa at different doses. Its ability to heal chronic ulcer processes was also evaluated. When the HCl/ethanol solution was used to induce gastric ulcer, the EE produced a significant dose-dependent reduction of lesion formation of 51, 74 and 89%, at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. The 100 mg/kg dose had no significant activity. The EE also significantly reduced the gastric lesions induced by the combination of indomethacin and bethanechol (60 and 72%) at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and also reduced stress-induced gastric ulcer (41%) but only at the doses of 1000 mg/g (P < 0.05). The pylorus-ligature experiment demonstrated that the highest EE dose affected significantly the gastric juice parameters by increasing pH values from 4.08 (negative control) to 5.42 and decreasing acid output from 7.16 (negative control) to 4.26 mEq.mL, 4h. A decrease of gastric contents from 370 mg (negative control) to 240 mg was also observed. The results obtained in the chronic gastric ulcer model indicated that a single oral dose of Solanum variabile (1000 mg/kg) administered for 14 consecutive days accelerated the ulcer healing by 46% compared to a 55% effect of cimetidine. Also, at the dose of 1000 mg/kg, the EE inhibited the onset of duodenal lesions by 64%. The data suggest that the EE of Solanum variabile has a significant preventive, curative and duodenal anti-ulcer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Antonio
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Tatemichi M, Ogura T, Sakurazawa N, Nagata H, Sugita M, Esumi H. Roles of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the development and healing of experimentally induced gastric ulcers. Int J Exp Pathol 2004; 84:213-20. [PMID: 14690480 PMCID: PMC2517565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2003.00357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the development and healing of gastric ulcers have not been fully characterized. We characterized iNOS expression in experimentally induced ulcers in rat and mouse stomachs and investigated the roles of iNOS using iNOS gene-deficient (iNOS-/-) mice and wildtype mice. Gastric ulcers were induced in rats and mice by the application of acetic acid and cryoinjury, respectively. iNOS expression was detected on days 1-7 and peaked 3 days after ulcer induction in the rat. iNOS-positive cells were distributed mainly among the infiltrating cells and fibroblasts in the ulcer bed. The almost similar courses of healing and iNOS expression were observed in the ulcers of mice. During the course of healing, the iNOS gene status did not affect cell proliferation in the healing zone or vessel formation in the ulcer bed. iNOS deficiency, however, caused larger ulcers and severer inflammation during ulcer healing; the clearance of inflammatory cells in the ulcer bed by apoptosis was also delayed when the ulcer was re-epithelialized in the iNOS-deficient mice. These results indicate that iNOS is expressed in the ulcer bed and that iNOS activity may play beneficial roles in the ulcer repair process, possibly by regulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tatemichi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hiruma-Lima CA, Gracioso JS, Bighetti EJB, Grassi-Kassisse DM, Nunes DS, Brito ARMS. Effect of essential oil obtained from Croton cajucara Benth. on gastric ulcer healing and protective factors of the gastric mucosa. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2002; 9:523-529. [PMID: 12403161 DOI: 10.1078/09447110260573155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The bark of Croton cajucara Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) is used widely in Amazonian folk medicine for the treatment of a wide range of gastrointestinal symptoms. Infusions of C. cajucara bark contain dehydrocrotonin (DHC), the furan diterpene, and an essential oil, a rich mixture of sesquiterpenes. Although the antiulcerogenic activity of the essential oil has been studied in different gastric ulcer models in mice and rats, its mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we examined the ability of this essential oil to increase PGE2 release from mucus cells, as well as its effects on the amount of gastric mucus and on the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers. The essential oil (100 mg/kg body wt., p.o), significantly increased PGE2 production by glandular cells (by 102% as compared to control) and the amount of Alcian blue binding to the gastric mucus. In chronic gastric ulcers, a single daily oral dose of essential oil (100 mg/kg body wt.) for 14 consecutive days accelerated ulcer healing to an extent similar to that seen with an equal dose of cimetidine. Thus, the protective and healing actions of the essential oil from C. cajucara bark on gastric lesions resulted mainly from an increase in PGE2 release and gastric mucus formation which would protect the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Hiruma-Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Elliott SN, Wallace JL, McKnight W, Gall DG, Hardin JA, Olson M, Buret A. Bacterial colonization and healing of gastric ulcers: the effects of epidermal growth factor. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000; 278:G105-12. [PMID: 10644568 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.1.g105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Experimental gastric ulcers are rapidly colonized by various bacteria, resulting in significantly impaired healing. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is capable of preventing bacterial colonization of the healthy intestinal mucosa. In this study, we examined the possibility that EGF accelerates gastric ulcer healing by reducing bacterial colonization of the ulcer. Gastric ulcers were induced by serosal application of acetic acid. The effect of daily administration of EGF on ulcer healing and bacterial colonization was assessed and compared with the effect of daily treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. EGF administration reduced colonization levels and accelerated ulcer healing as effectively as the antibiotic treatment. EGF was without effect on acid secretion or neutrophil infiltration into the ulcer. Bacterial growth was not inhibited in the presence of EGF in vitro. These results demonstrate that EGF reduces bacterial colonization during an established infection of a compromised mucosal surface. This effect may contribute to the ability of EGF to accelerate gastric ulcer healing. This effect is acid independent and not due to an anti-inflammatory effect or to direct bactericidal actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Elliott
- Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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Lalani T, Bhol K, Khan IU, Ahmed AR. The scarring processes in mucosal tissues after immune injury. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1998; 27:371-81. [PMID: 9662756 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-0172(98)80017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An important feature of the healing processes is scar formation which may be necessary for organism survival. If it proceeds to the pathological state, it may impair normal function. The purpose of this review is to focus on some of the factors that may influence this process after immune injury, comparing it in the skin and mucosa. METHODS A detailed literature search of peer-reviewed journals was conducted. Studies reported in all languages considered relevant and important were used, including humans, animals, and tissue culture. RESULTS Analysis of the data indicate that the scarring process is mainly dependent on (1) the type of the lesion, (2) the cause and duration of injury, and (3) the tissue involved and its microenvironment. Equally important is the large spectrum and heterogenicity in the biological activity of fibroblasts and their role in scar formation. CONCLUSIONS The process of scar formation is complex and multistep process and is affected and influenced by local and systemic factors. Although it appears irreversible, there are pharmacological agents available, and under investigation, that may minimize its detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lalani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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