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Wen X, Gongpan P, Meng Y, Nieh JC, Yuan H, Tan K. Functional characterization, antimicrobial effects, and potential antibacterial mechanisms of new mastoparan peptides from hornet venom (Vespa ducalis, Vespa mandarinia, and Vespa affinis). Toxicon 2021; 200:48-54. [PMID: 34237341 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major threat to global public health, and there is an urgent need to find effective, antimicrobial treatments that can be well tolerated by humans. Hornet venom is known to have antimicrobial properties, and contains peptides with similarity to known antimicrobial eptides (AMPs), mastoparans. We identified multiple new AMPs from the venom glands of Vespa ducalis (U-VVTX-Vm1a, U-VVTX-Vm1b, and U-VVTX-Vm1c), Vespa mandarinia (U-VVTX-Vm1d), and Vespa affinis (U-VVTX-Vm1e). All of these AMPs have highly similar sequences and are related to the toxic peptide, mastoparan. Our newly identified AMPs have α-helical structures, are amphiphilic, and have antimicrobial properties. Both U-VVTX-Vm1b and U-VVTX-Vm1e killed bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922, at the concentrations of 16 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL, respectively. None of the five AMPs exhibited strong toxicity as measured via their hemolytic activity on red blood cells. U-VVTX-Vm1b was able to increase the permeability of E. coli ATCC25922 and degrade its genomic DNA. These results are promising, demonstrate the value of investigating hornet venom as an antimicrobial treatment, and add to the growing arsenal of such naturally derived treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pianchou Gongpan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Yichuan Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - James C Nieh
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hongling Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ken Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China.
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Baldassarri L, Montanaro L, Creti R, Arciola CR. Underestimated Collateral Effects of Antibiotic Therapy in Prosthesis-Associated Bacterial Infections. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 30:786-91. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880703000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment of infections associated with the use of indwelling medical devices in ageing and/or severely ill patients represents a significant healthcare problem due to the difficulty of treating such infections and to the various collateral effects that may be observed following the often aggressive therapy We summarize some effects of antibiotics on the expression of virulence factors of the microorganisms which cause such infections. These effects, particularly those resulting in a stimulation of bacterial virulence, might be usefully included among the other well-known collateral effects of antibiotic therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Baldassarri
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome - Italy
| | - L. Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Department of Experimental Pathology of the University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - R. Creti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome - Italy
| | - C. R. Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Department of Experimental Pathology of the University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
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Kaldalu N, Jõers A, Ingelman H, Tenson T. A General Method for Measuring Persister Levels in Escherichia coli Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1333:29-42. [PMID: 26468097 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2854-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetically homogeneous bacterial cultures contain persisters, cells that are not killed by bactericidal antibiotics. These cells are suggested to be involved in the establishment of chronic infections. Persister levels depend on growth conditions. Here, we discuss the parameters that have to be considered when measuring persister levels and provide a sample protocol to do it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niilo Kaldalu
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Arvi Jõers
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Henri Ingelman
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia.
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Blanco P, Hernando-Amado S, Reales-Calderon JA, Corona F, Lira F, Alcalde-Rico M, Bernardini A, Sanchez MB, Martinez JL. Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps: Much More Than Antibiotic Resistance Determinants. Microorganisms 2016; 4:microorganisms4010014. [PMID: 27681908 PMCID: PMC5029519 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps are antibiotic resistance determinants present in all microorganisms. With few exceptions, they are chromosomally encoded and present a conserved organization both at the genetic and at the protein levels. In addition, most, if not all, strains of a given bacterial species present the same chromosomally-encoded efflux pumps. Altogether this indicates that multidrug efflux pumps are ancient elements encoded in bacterial genomes long before the recent use of antibiotics for human and animal therapy. In this regard, it is worth mentioning that efflux pumps can extrude a wide range of substrates that include, besides antibiotics, heavy metals, organic pollutants, plant-produced compounds, quorum sensing signals or bacterial metabolites, among others. In the current review, we present information on the different functions that multidrug efflux pumps may have for the bacterial behaviour in different habitats as well as on their regulation by specific signals. Since, in addition to their function in non-clinical ecosystems, multidrug efflux pumps contribute to intrinsic, acquired, and phenotypic resistance of bacterial pathogens, the review also presents information on the search for inhibitors of multidrug efflux pumps, which are currently under development, in the aim of increasing the susceptibility of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Blanco
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Hernando-Amado
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Antonio Reales-Calderon
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Corona
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Felipe Lira
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Alcalde-Rico
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandra Bernardini
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Blanca Sanchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Martinez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Olivares J, Bernardini A, Garcia-Leon G, Corona F, B Sanchez M, Martinez JL. The intrinsic resistome of bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:103. [PMID: 23641241 PMCID: PMC3639378 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically resistant bacteria have emerged as a relevant health problem in the last years. Those bacterial species, several of them with an environmental origin, present naturally low-level susceptibility to several drugs. It has been proposed that intrinsic resistance is mainly the consequence of the impermeability of cellular envelopes, the activity of multidrug efflux pumps or the lack of appropriate targets for a given family of drugs. However, recently published articles indicate that the characteristic phenotype of susceptibility to antibiotics of a given bacterial species depends on the concerted activity of several elements, what has been named as intrinsic resistome. These determinants comprise not just classical resistance genes. Other elements, several of them involved in basic bacterial metabolic processes, are of relevance for the intrinsic resistance of bacterial pathogens. In the present review we analyze recent publications on the intrinsic resistomes of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We present as well information on the role that global regulators of bacterial metabolism, as Crc from P. aeruginosa, may have on modulating bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. Finally, we discuss the possibility of searching inhibitors of the intrinsic resistome in the aim of improving the activity of drugs currently in use for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Olivares
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
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Corona F, Martinez JL. Phenotypic Resistance to Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2013; 2:237-55. [PMID: 27029301 PMCID: PMC4790337 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics2020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of antibiotic resistance is usually associated with genetic changes, either to the acquisition of resistance genes, or to mutations in elements relevant for the activity of the antibiotic. However, in some situations resistance can be achieved without any genetic alteration; this is called phenotypic resistance. Non-inherited resistance is associated to specific processes such as growth in biofilms, a stationary growth phase or persistence. These situations might occur during infection but they are not usually considered in classical susceptibility tests at the clinical microbiology laboratories. Recent work has also shown that the susceptibility to antibiotics is highly dependent on the bacterial metabolism and that global metabolic regulators can modulate this phenotype. This modulation includes situations in which bacteria can be more resistant or more susceptible to antibiotics. Understanding these processes will thus help in establishing novel therapeutic approaches based on the actual susceptibility shown by bacteria during infection, which might differ from that determined in the laboratory. In this review, we discuss different examples of phenotypic resistance and the mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between bacterial metabolism and the susceptibility to antibiotics. Finally, information on strategies currently under development for diminishing the phenotypic resistance to antibiotics of bacterial pathogens is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Corona
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Martinez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
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Martinez JL, Fajardo A, Garmendia L, Hernandez A, Linares JF, Martínez-Solano L, Sánchez MB. A global view of antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2009; 33:44-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Fajardo A, Martínez-Martín N, Mercadillo M, Galán JC, Ghysels B, Matthijs S, Cornelis P, Wiehlmann L, Tümmler B, Baquero F, Martínez JL. The neglected intrinsic resistome of bacterial pathogens. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1619. [PMID: 18286176 PMCID: PMC2238818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria with intrinsic resistance to antibiotics are a worrisome health problem. It is widely believed that intrinsic antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens is mainly the consequence of cellular impermeability and activity of efflux pumps. However, the analysis of transposon-tagged Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants presented in this article shows that this phenotype emerges from the action of numerous proteins from all functional categories. Mutations in some genes make P. aeruginosa more susceptible to antibiotics and thereby represent new targets. Mutations in other genes make P. aeruginosa more resistant and therefore define novel mechanisms for mutation-driven acquisition of antibiotic resistance, opening a new research field based in the prediction of resistance before it emerges in clinical environments. Antibiotics are not just weapons against bacterial competitors, but also natural signalling molecules. Our results demonstrate that antibiotic resistance genes are not merely protective shields and offer a more comprehensive view of the role of antibiotic resistance genes in the clinic and in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Fajardo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Martínez-Martín
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mercadillo
- Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) “Resistencia a los antibióticos y virulencia bacteriana”, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Galán
- Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) “Resistencia a los antibióticos y virulencia bacteriana”, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bart Ghysels
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Matthijs
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lutz Wiehlmann
- Klinische Forschergruppe, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Klinische Forschergruppe, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) “Resistencia a los antibióticos y virulencia bacteriana”, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) “Resistencia a los antibióticos y virulencia bacteriana”, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Linares-Rodríguez JF, Martínez-Menéndez JL. [Antimicrobial resistance and bacterial virulence]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2005; 23:86-93. [PMID: 15743580 DOI: 10.1157/13071612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hospitals are places with high selective pressure by antimicrobial agents. For this reason, bacteria producing nosocomial infections need to be not only virulent, but also resistant to antimicrobial agents. In the present review we analyse the effect of the acquisition of an antibiotic resistance phenotype in bacterial fitness and virulence. Besides that, we review as well the existence of common mechanisms for resistance to antimicrobial agents and bacterial virulence. In this line, we highlight the role of multidrug efflux pumps on bacterial virulence. Since opportunistic pathogens frequently have an environmental origin, we also discuss the role of natural ecosystems, as well as their potential contamination, on the selection of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial agents.
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Sánchez P, Alonso A, Martinez JL. Cloning and characterization of SmeT, a repressor of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia multidrug efflux pump SmeDEF. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3386-93. [PMID: 12384340 PMCID: PMC128709 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.11.3386-3393.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the cloning of the gene smeT, which encodes the transcriptional regulator of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia efflux pump SmeDEF. SmeT belongs to the TetR and AcrR family of transcriptional regulators. The smeT gene is located upstream from the structural operon of the pump genes smeDEF and is divergently transcribed from those genes. Experiments with S. maltophilia and the heterologous host Escherichia coli have demonstrated that SmeT is a transcriptional repressor. S1 nuclease mapping has demonstrated that expression of smeT is driven by a single promoter lying close to the 5' end of the gene and that expression of smeDEF is driven by an unique promoter that overlaps with promoter PSMET: The level of expression of smeT is higher in smeDEF-overproducing S. maltophilia strain D457R, which suggests that SmeT represses its own expression. Band-shifting assays have shown that wild-type strain S. maltophilia D457 contains a cellular factor(s) capable of binding to the intergenic smeT-smeD region. That cellular factor(s) was absent from smeDEF-overproducing S. maltophilia strain D457R. The sequence of smeT from D457R showed a point mutation that led to a Leu166Gln change within the SmeT protein. This change allowed overexpression of both smeDEF and smeT in D457R. It was noteworthy that expression of wild-type SmeT did not fully complement the smeT mutation in D457R. This suggests that the wild-type protein is not dominant over the mutant SmeT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sánchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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Martínez JL, Baquero F. Interactions among strategies associated with bacterial infection: pathogenicity, epidemicity, and antibiotic resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15:647-79. [PMID: 12364374 PMCID: PMC126860 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.15.4.647-679.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections have been the major cause of disease throughout the history of human populations. With the introduction of antibiotics, it was thought that this problem should disappear. However, bacteria have been able to evolve to become antibiotic resistant. Nowadays, a proficient pathogen must be virulent, epidemic, and resistant to antibiotics. Analysis of the interplay among these features of bacterial populations is needed to predict the future of infectious diseases. In this regard, we have reviewed the genetic linkage of antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence in the same genetic determinants as well as the cross talk between antibiotic resistance and virulence regulatory circuits with the aim of understanding the effect of acquisition of resistance on bacterial virulence. We also discuss the possibility that antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence might prevail as linked phenotypes in the future. The novel situation brought about by the worldwide use of antibiotics is undoubtedly changing bacterial populations. These changes might alter the properties of not only bacterial pathogens, but also the normal host microbiota. The evolutionary consequences of the release of antibiotics into the environment are largely unknown, but most probably restoration of the microbiota from the preantibiotic era is beyond our current abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología. Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
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Heinemann JA, Ankenbauer RG, Amábile-Cuevas CF. Do antibiotics maintain antibiotic resistance? Drug Discov Today 2000; 5:195-204. [PMID: 10790263 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(00)01483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Important human pathogens resistant to antibiotics result from the human use of antibiotics. Does this imply that reducing their usage or removing antibiotics from medicine and agriculture will restore the effectiveness of these drugs? The authors argue that resistance evolution and susceptibility evolution are not, in a sense, just different sides of the same coin. Resistance genes acquire new functions and the initial costs of resistance can evolve into advantages. Decreasing drug use might not replace a fundamental change in drug design to avoid the evolution of resistant, and encourage the evolution of susceptible, microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- JA Heinemann
- Department of Plant and Microbial Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Opalchenova G, Dyulgerova E, Petrov OE. Effect of calcium phosphate ceramics on gram-negative bacteria resistant to antibiotics. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1996; 32:473-9. [PMID: 8897154 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199611)32:3<473::aid-jbm22>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the results of an experimental study on the effect of biphase calcium phosphate ceramics (BCPC) on laboratory-isolated polyresistant Gram-negative bacteria. Monitoring of this effect in a dynamical regimen was carried out upon Enterobacter cloacae 313, Klebsiella pneumoniae 227, Serratia marcescens 206, Klebsiella oxytoca 202, as well as on the standard strain Klebsiella pneumoniae 52145 (Institute Pasteur, Paris). The results show a significant antimicrobial effect of the ceramics. Antimicrobial properties are manifested during direct contact with BCPC and these depend on the quantity and grain size of the particles, as well as on the microbiological characteristics of the test microorganisms, and particularly on their cell size.
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