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The Reliability of Fluctuating Asymmetry in Population Estimation: The Case of Feedlot Red Deer. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Three FA indices showed correlations with age and magnitude of traits, but not in general. Significant correlations between magnitude of traits and their FA were more pronounced in AFA (12 traits) than in RFA (10 traits) in all age classes except yearlings. For the tray tine form (curvature), FA significantly correlated with its magnitude in young, middle-aged and ripe stags, which indicates that the trait is a reliable indicator of asymmetry. Significant differences in AFA among age classes were found in four traits (weight of dry antlers, volume of antlers, distal circumference of beams and total length of crown tines). By RFA, a significant difference among age classes was only found for the distal circumference of beams. Thus, AFA is a more vulnerable condition index. Contrary to other research findings, developmental instability was more pronounced in older age classes. In yearlings, no significant FA dependence on the trait of antler size was detected, but in certain traits, an asymmetry detected at an early age remains visible later as well, although in stags grown under relatively optimal (especially trophic) environment conditions, developmental instability was present anyway. This proposes two hypotheses for further research: Competition may be manifested even under controlled conditions, which might jeopardize the developmental stability of certain individuals, or some traits will show developmental instability regardless of relatively good environmental conditions.
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Carpio Camargo AJ, Barasona J, Acevedo P, Fierro Y, Gortazar C, Vigal C, Moreno Á, Vicente J. Assessing red deer hunting management in the Iberian Peninsula: the importance of longitudinal studies. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10872. [PMID: 33604198 PMCID: PMC7869667 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of a wildlife population in relation to hunting strategies is essential to achieve sustainable management. We used monitoring data over 25 years from two red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations with different management (with and without supplemental feeding) in South Central Spain to: (i) characterise the density dependence of population dynamics under contrasted management, and (ii) provide the basis for sustainable extraction by considering the theoretical maximum sustainable yield (MSYt) as the reference. The red deer population displayed a typical management reactive culling approach ('saw-tooth-like' curves), with occasional strong annual harvests but not occurring on a regular basis. Interestingly, we found reduced population growth at high densities in both populations, indicating that density-mediated factors determined population growth even when artificial feeding was provided. However, no effects of sex not age class of the extracted population on the population growth rate were determined. The total number of animals hunted was only slightly above those predicted by MSYt (i.e. K 50%) in both populations, despite high densities close to theoretical K, being consistent throughout the study period. The extraction rates (30.3 and 34.0%, for supplemented and unsupplemented populations, respectively) were 13.3% and 10.2% lower compared to the MSYt situation in the unsupplemented and supplemented populations, respectively. Long term population monitoring data provided feasible and suitable baseline values to optimise the sustainable exploitation of red deer populations in the Mediterranean ecosystem under these contrasting management scenarios. Adaptive management, involving objective-driven decision making informed by data on red deer population dynamic, can contribute (i) to maximising the total extraction over the long term while (ii) reducing the ecological impact of high population densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Carpio Camargo
- Department of Zoology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jose Barasona
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Department of Animal Health, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Christian Gortazar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carlos Vigal
- Los Quintos de Mora, Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ángel Moreno
- Los Quintos de Mora, Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales, Toledo, Spain
| | - Joaquin Vicente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
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Peterson BC, Schoenebeck CW, Fryda NJ. Effects of extreme environmental conditions on white‐tailed deer antlers. WILDLIFE SOC B 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Peterson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Nebraska at Kearney 2401 11th Avenue Kearney NE 68849 USA
| | - Casey W. Schoenebeck
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Nebraska at Kearney 2401 11th Avenue Kearney NE 68849 USA
| | - Nicolas J. Fryda
- Nebraska Game and Parks Commission 1617 1st Avenue Kearney NE 68847 USA
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Peláez M, Perea R, Díaz M, San Miguel A, Rodríguez-Vigal C, Côté SD. Use of cast antlers to assess antler size variation in red deer populations: effects of mast seeding, climate and population features in Mediterranean environments. J Zool (1987) 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Peláez
- Departmento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria; Madrid Spain
| | - R. Perea
- Departmento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria; Madrid Spain
- Department of Biology; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
| | - M. Díaz
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change (BGC); Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - A. San Miguel
- Departmento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria; Madrid Spain
| | | | - S. D. Côté
- Département de biologie; Centre d’études nordiques & Chaire de recherche industrielle CRSNG en aménagement intégré des ressources de l’île d'Anticosti; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
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Jeon BT, Kim KH, Cheong SH, Kang SK, Park PJ, Kim DH, Jung HS, Park JH, Thomas DG, Moon SH. Effects of growth stage and position within the beam in the structure and chemical composition of sika deer (Cervus nippon) antlers. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/an11183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in structural and chemical properties of sika deer antler at different stages of its growth in order to improve scientific assessment of antler’s quality. Eighteen antler samples, harvested on 40, 50 and 60 days after casting were collected from randomly selected deer farms, and the structural properties of antlers were examined. The chemical composition of each antler was determined in the upper, middle and basal section. Our results showed that the crude protein, crude fat (ether extract), uronic acid and sialic acid increased markedly from the base to the upper section, but the ash was higher in the basal section. Collagen content increased significantly from the upper to the basal section in all groups. The structural factors, including length and girth were positively or negatively correlated with the chemical composition such as glycosaminoglycans, ether extract-fat, ash, uronic acid, sialic acid, total sugar and collagen content. These findings may provide useful basic information and identify biomarkers for the association between structural properties and chemical composition during antler growth period, which should facilitate efficient production of high quality antlers for food consumption and as pharmaceutical agents.
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Fernández-de-Mera IG, Vicente J, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Mangold AJ, Naranjo V, Fierro Y, de la Fuente J, Gortázar C. Reduced major histocompatibility complex class II polymorphism in a hunter-managed isolated Iberian red deer population. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Höfle U, Vicente J, Nagore D, Hurtado A, Peña A, de la Fuente J, Gortazar C. The risks of translocating wildlife. Pathogenic infection with Theileria sp. and Elaeophora elaphi in an imported red deer. Vet Parasitol 2005; 126:387-95. [PMID: 15567043 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Revised: 06/30/2004] [Accepted: 07/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the translocation of wild animals poses risks of the introduction of pathogens into populations, and regulations and recommendations regarding quarantine and screening protocols for wild animals do exist. Less is known about the infection of imported animals with local endemic pathogens. A red deer stag that had been imported from Germany was found recumbent and died from hemolytic anaemia and a process of exertional myopathy. Infection with Theileria sp. was detected in thin blood smears and confirmed by PCR and sequencing. In addition, massive parasitation by Elaeophora elaphi, a parasite endemic to Iberian red deer, was detected. Sequence comparison between the 18S rRNA gene sequence determined that the Theileria strain involved in this case had a 99.7% identity with a Theileria sp. strain obtained from sika-deer, and 95.3% identity with T. cervi. Using sequence distance analysis, the strain from red deer grouped with isolates from Cervus spp. as opposed to isolates from Odocoileus spp. and bovines. Both detected parasites are of little pathogenicity to local red deer, but were pathogenic for the imported red deer from Northern Europe. This case demonstrates that local endemic pathogens may pose naive translocated animals at risk, and illustrates the need for thorough examination and planification of translocation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Höfle
- National Research Institute on Game Biology, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), P.O. Box 535, E-13.080 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Vicente J, Fierro Y, Martínez M, Gortázar C. Long-term epidemiology, effect on body condition and interspecific interactions of concomitant infection by nasopharyngeal bot fly larvae (Cephenemyia auribarbisandPharyngomyia picta, Oestridae) in a population of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus). Parasitology 2004; 129:349-61. [PMID: 15471010 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004005578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We studied the pattern of infection and the inter-annual variation and individual factors affecting the infection of 2 species of nasopharyngeal bot flies,Cephenemyia auribarbisandPharyngomyia picta(Diptera: Oestridae), in a population of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) from south central Spain (10 annual periods between 1990 and 2003). Mean prevalence±S.E.95%CIof infection was 35·19±4·24% (n=486). The frequency distribution of the parasites was markedly aggregated (K: 0·213, mean abundance±S.D.: 5·49±12·12). Parasite load of Oestridae peaked at calf and subadult age groups and declined thereafter, which suggests that acquired immunity may be acting. In common with other host–parasite relationships, male hosts were found to have higher prevalence and abundance levels than females. The prevalence ofP. pictawas positively affected by the presence ofC. auribarbiswhereas the intensity of infection ofP. pictawas negatively affected by the presence ofC. auribarbis. Intensity ofP. pictain concomitant infections withC. auribarbiswas lower than in pureP. pictainfections, whilst the intensity ofC. auribarbisinfections did not change. This provides good evidence of interspecific competence, which could be dealt with by parasites by means of asynchronous life-cycles and different maturation periods. Weather also affects the dynamics and transmission rates of these parasites. Previous annual rainfalls positively affected the level of infection with oestrids. Yearly autumn rainfalls affected positivelyP. picta, possibly due to an effect on the pupal stage survival. Infection of Oestridae affected body condition in calves and subadults, suggesting that oestrids could have sublethal effects on Iberian red deer. Future research is needed to investigate the effect of parasites on the dynamics of the Iberian red deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC- UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, E-13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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