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van Herwerden D, Nikolopoulos A, Barron LP, O'Brien JW, Pirok BWJ, Thomas KV, Samanipour S. Exploring the chemical subspace of RPLC: A data driven approach. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1317:342869. [PMID: 39029998 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemical space is comprised of a vast number of possible structures, of which an unknown portion comprises the human and environmental exposome. Such samples are frequently analyzed using non-targeted analysis via liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry often employing a reversed phase (RP) column. However, prior to analysis, the contents of these samples are unknown and could be comprised of thousands of known and unknown chemical constituents. Moreover, it is unknown which part of the chemical space is sufficiently retained and eluted using RPLC. RESULTS We present a generic framework that uses a data driven approach to predict whether molecules fall 'inside', 'maybe' inside, or 'outside' of the RPLC subspace. Firstly, three retention index random forest (RF) regression models were constructed that showed that molecular fingerprints are able to predict RPLC retention behavior. Secondly, these models were used to set up the dataset for building an RPLC RF classification model. The RPLC classification model was able to correctly predict whether a chemical belonged to the RPLC subspace with an accuracy of 92% for the testing set. Finally, applying this model to the 91 737 small molecules (i.e., ≤1 000 Da) in NORMAN SusDat showed that 19.1% fall 'outside' of the RPLC subspace. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The RPLC chemical space model provides a major step towards mapping the chemical space and is able to assess whether chemicals can potentially be measured with an RPLC method (i.e., not every RPLC method) or if a different selectivity should be considered. Moreover, knowing which chemicals are outside of the RPLC subspace can assist in reducing potential candidates for library searching and avoid screening for chemicals that will not be present in RPLC data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denice van Herwerden
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands.
| | - Alexandros Nikolopoulos
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Leon P Barron
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jake W O'Brien
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Bob W J Pirok
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Saer Samanipour
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands; UvA Data Science Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WP, the Netherlands.
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Wang J, Hang Y, Yan T, Liang J, Huang Z, Xu H. Qualitative analysis of flavors and fragrances added to tea by using GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:648-656. [PMID: 29134791 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A precise identification method was developed to identify the flavors and fragrances added to tea matrix artificially using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The proposed method was based on the corresponding "three-column retention indices, two exact mass numbers, one mass spectrum matching degree" database of 40 kinds of common flavors and fragrances. The intraday and the interday relative standard deviation of the retention indices were less than 0.048 and 0.093%, respectively. The accuracy of exact mass was between 0.15 and 6.22 ppm. And the validation of the created database was performed by analyzing the tea samples. Thus, the proposed method is suitable for the precise identification of the flavors and fragrances added to tea matrix artificially without standard substances as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Wang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxin Hang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Hunan, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Hunan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hunan, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Huilan Xu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, P.R. China
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Király Z, Körtvélyesi T, Seres L, Görgényi M. Structure-retention relationships in the gas chromatography of N,N-dialkylhydrazones. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02267697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ecknig W. Beziehungen zwischen Moleküleigenschaften und chromatographischer Retention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zfch.19850250703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Quantitative structure–retention relationships of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons gas-chromatographic retention indices. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4411-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jalali-Heravi M, Parastar F. Development of comprehensive descriptors for multiple linear regression and artificial neural network modeling of retention behaviors of a variety of compounds on different stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2000; 903:145-54. [PMID: 11153937 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new series of six comprehensive descriptors that represent different features of the gas-liquid partition coefficient, K(L), for commonly used stationary phases is developed. These descriptors can be considered as counterparts of the parameters in the Abraham solvatochromic model of solution. A separate multiple linear regression (MLR) model was developed by using the six descriptors for each stationary phase of poly(ethylene glycol adipate) (EGAD), N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine (THPED), poly(ethylene glycol) (Ucon 50 HB 660) (U50HB), di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) and tetra-n-butylammonium N,N-(bis-2-hydroxylethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonate (QBES). The results obtained using these models are in good agreement with the experiment and with the results of the empirical model based on the solvatochromic theory. A 6-6-5 neural network was developed using the descriptors appearing in the MLR models as inputs. Comparison of the mean square errors (MSEs) shows the superiority of the artificial neural network (ANN) over that of the MLR. This indicates that the retention behavior of the molecules on different columns show some nonlinear characteristics. The experimental solvatochromic parameters proposed by Abraham can be replaced by the calculated descriptors in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jalali-Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Zarzycki PK, Wierzbowska M, Lamparczyk H. Retention and separation studies of cholesterol and bile acids using thermostated thin-layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1999; 857:255-62. [PMID: 10536844 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of temperature on retention and separation of cholesterol and bile acids, using reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography, was studied. As mobile phases methanol-water mixtures of various compositions were used. Chromatographic experiments were performed using vapor-saturated chambers at temperatures ranging from 5 to 60 degrees C. A linear relationship between R(M) values and temperature (1/T) as well as mobile phase composition was observed. The elution order of steroids under the conditions investigated was discussed. Each chromatogram was evaluated using simple optimization parameters and the best chromatographic conditions for the separation of multicomponent samples were chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Zarzycki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera, Poland
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Héberger K, Kowalska T. Thermodynamic significance of boiling point correlations for alkylbenzenes in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Thermodynamic properties of alkylbenzenes from retention-boiling point correlations in gas chromatography. Chromatographia 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02466453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Smith RM. Chapter 3 Retention index scales used in high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LIBRARY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Molecular structural coefficients of Takács. Their dependence on column temperature, stationary phase polarity and solute chemical nature. Chromatographia 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02269624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Properties of topological indices as structural parameters for compounds containing oligooxyethylene chain(s). J Chromatogr A 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Larionov OG, Petrenko VV, Platonova NP. Determination of contributions of different types of solute-sorbent interactions in gas-adsorption chromatography by linear regression of adsorption energies. J Chromatogr A 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Héberger K. Discrimination between linear and non-linear models describing retention data of alkylbenzenes in gas-chromatography. Chromatographia 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02261306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tarján G, Nyiredy S, Györ M, Lombosi E, Lombosi T, Budahegyi M, Mészáros S, Takács J. Thirtieth anniversary of the retention index according to Kováts in gas-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Héberger K. Empirical correlation equations describing retention data of hydrocarbons on dinonylphatalate and polyethyleneglycol 4000. Chromatographia 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02290480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Voelkel A. Influence of structure of alkenes on their retention on different stationary phases. Chromatographia 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02327667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Voelkel A. The polarity of polyoxyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers and their sulphur analogs as measured by parameters considering intermolecular electric interactions. Chromatographia 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02259023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lamparczyk H, Nagoshi T, Jinno K. Application of the electrostatic interaction concept for the study of the retention behaviour of peropyrene-type polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02309413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Electrostatic interactions in normal and reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Preliminary experiments. Chromatographia 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02316179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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New stationary phase polarity parameters considering the electric intermolecular interactions in gas chromatographic column. Chromatographia 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02311479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The role of electric interaction in the retention index concept application of the electric interaction indices to quantitative structure-biological activity studies of monomethylbenz(a)anthracenes. Chromatographia 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02346141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kaliszan R, Hartwick RA. Quantitative Relationship Between Molecular Structure and Chromatographic Retention. Implications in Physical, Analytical, and Medicinal Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1080/10408348608542790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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The role of electric interaction in the retention index cencept. Universal interaction indices for GLC, HPLC and TLC. Chromatographia 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02310384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ośmiałowski K, Halkiewicz J, Radecki A, Kaliszan R. Quantum chemical parameters in correlation analysis of gas—liquid chromatographic retention indices of amines. J Chromatogr A 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)90493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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