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Takatsu K, Selz OM, Brodersen J. Temperature regime during embryogenesis alters subsequent behavioural phenotypes of juvenile brown trout. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220369. [PMID: 36448368 PMCID: PMC9709657 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate warming imposes a serious threat, especially to freshwater ecosystems in temperate and (sub)polar regions, which are often dominated by cold-adapted ectotherms. Although relatively intense warming during winter is common across the climatic regions, comparably little focus has been put on the organismal impacts of winter warming. Embryonic development, which is exceptionally susceptible to ambient temperature, occurs during winter in various freshwater ectotherms. Yet, our knowledge of the effects of increased temperature during embryogenesis on later life stages is limited. Using brown trout (
Salmo trutta
), we examined how a 1.5°C temperature increase from fertilization to hatching affects various traits at the onset of the free-swimming stage (i.e. a comparison between 3.5 and 5.0°C treatments). Although all hatchlings were kept at the same temperature (7.0°C) from hatching to the onset of the free-swimming stage for about two months, the temperature increase during embryogenesis substantially reduced key ecological behaviours, i.e. activity and exploration levels, at the onset of the free-swimming stage despite only marginal temperature effects on morphological and physiological traits at this stage. Given the importance of behavioural traits in early growth and survival, our study suggests a likely pathway through which subtle changes in mean winter temperature affect early fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Takatsu
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Oliver M. Selz
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Aquatic Restoration and Fisheries Section, 3011 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Brodersen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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The Effect of Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) on Larviculture and Fatty Acid Composition of Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) Cultured under Pseudo-Green Water Conditions. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new cultivation system with the chlorophyte Monoraphidium contortum combined with a self-sustaining culture of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus was applied for Sander lucioperca (L.) larviculture. Survival, morphometrics, as well as fatty acid composition of pikeperch larvae were analyzed after a ten-day feeding period. By using the pseudo-green water technique with improved aeration and water movement at the surface, survival rates reached up to 94%, with a total larval length of 8.1 ± 0.3 mm and a specific length growth rate of up to 4.1% day−1 for S. lucioperca. The biochemical composition of B. calyciflorus and especially its contents in C18 PUFAs and suitable n-3/n-6 ratios met the nutritional requirements of pikeperch larvae. The high abundance of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) in the diet appeared to be less important in the first feeding due to a possible retention of essential fatty acids, which originate from the yolk sac reserves, at adequate levels. Exponential growth of microalgae and zooplankton under the applied conditions was most effective when stocking M. contortum five days and B. calyciflorus three days before adding the fish larvae. Appropriate timing and sufficient live feed density allowed a successful integration of B. calyciflorus into pikeperch larviculture. We hypothesize that feeding pikeperch larvae with a self-sustaining Brachionus-culture under pseudo-green water conditions with minor disruptions during larviculture will improve survival and growth. This system is a first step towards pikeperch larviculture inside recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS) under continuous feed supply with live feed within the same aquaculture unit.
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DEMİR O, SARIGÖZ S. The effects of different feeding times and diets on the whole body fatty acid composition of goldfish (Carassius auratus) larvae. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan DEMİR
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Turkey
| | - Süleyman SARIGÖZ
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Turkey
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Costa DC, Takata R, Silva WDSE, Bessonart M, Gadea JL, Magnone L, Luz RK. Description of amino acid and fatty acid content during initial development of Lophiosilurus alexandri (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae), a carnivorous freshwater catfish. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20180014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Samples of eggs, newly hatched larvae (NHL), and larvae at the end of the lecithotrophic period (eight days after hatching) (LPL) of Lophiosilurus alexandri were collected to determine the amino acid and fatty acid profiles. Crude protein did not change throughout initial development and the concentration of lipids was highest in NHL. The content of the indispensable amino acids (IAA) isoleucine, leucine, and valine decreased in LPL, while in eggs and NHL they remained high and similar in value. The dispensable amino acids (DAA), such as aspartic acid, tyrosine, and glycine, increased in LPL, while alanine decreased. The percentage of neutral lipids increased in LPL. The saturated fatty acid content decreased during ontogeny, while monounsaturated fatty acids decreased only in LPL. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in LP. Polar fatty acids were found in higher percentages in eggs and NHL, but lower in LPL. Saturated fatty acid content decreased during ontogenetic development, while that of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased only in LPL. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in LPL. Protein content was maintained during ontogenetic development, while amino acid classes experienced changes. Lophiosilurus alexandri preferentially uses saturated and monosaturated fatty acids as an energy source during its early development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Takata
- Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Martin Bessonart
- Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca, Uruguay
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Hachicho N, Reithel S, Miltner A, Heipieper HJ, Küster E, Luckenbach T. Body Mass Parameters, Lipid Profiles and Protein Contents of Zebrafish Embryos and Effects of 2,4-Dinitrophenol Exposure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134755. [PMID: 26292096 PMCID: PMC4546380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphology and physiology of fish embryos undergo dramatic changes during their development until the onset of feeding, supplied only by endogenous yolk reserves. For obtaining an insight how these restructuring processes are reflected by body mass related parameters, dry weights (dw), contents of the elements carbon and nitrogen and lipid and protein levels were quantified in different stages within the first four days of embryo development of the zebrafish (Danio rerio). The data show age dependent changes in tissue composition. Dry weights decreased significantly from 79μgdw/egg at 0hours post fertilization (hpf) to 61 μgdw/egg after 96 hpf. The amounts of total carbon fluctuated between 460 mg g-1 and 540 mg g-1 dw, nitrogen was at about 100 mg g-1 dw and total fatty acids were between 48–73 mg g-1 dw. In contrast to these parameters that remained relatively constant, the protein content, which was 240 mg g-1 at 0 hpf, showed an overall increase of about 40%. Comparisons of intact eggs and dechorionated embryos at stages prior to hatching (24, 30, 48 hpf) showed that the differences seen for dry weight and for carbon and nitrogen contents became smaller at more advanced stages, consistent with transition of material from the chorion to embryo tissue. Further, we determined the effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol at a subacutely toxic concentration (14 μM, LC10) as a model chemical challenge on the examined body mass related parameters. The compound caused significant decreases in phospholipid and glycolipid fatty acid contents along with a decrease in the phospholipid fatty acid unsaturation index. No major changes were observed for the other examined parameters. Lipidomic studies as performed here may thus be useful for determining subacute effects of lipophilic organic compounds on lipid metabolism and on cellular membranes of zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Hachicho
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Reithel
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Miltner
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann J. Heipieper
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eberhard Küster
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Till Luckenbach
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Fatty acid composition of Oncorhynchus mykiss during embryogenesis and other developmental stages. Biologia (Bratisl) 2006. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-006-0056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cejas JR, Almansa E, Jérez S, Bolaños A, Felipe B, Lorenzo A. Changes in lipid class and fatty acid composition during development in white seabream (Diplodus sargus) eggs and larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 139:209-16. [PMID: 15465667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2004] [Revised: 07/09/2004] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To establish the changes which occur during embryogenesis and early larvae development, eggs, yolk-sac larvae (one day old larvae) and absorbed yolk-sac larvae (three day old larvae) of white sea bream were examined for lipid class and fatty acid composition. The development was characterized by a decrease in all lipid classes with the exception of phosphatidylserine (PS) and fatty free acids (FFA) which increased, and sphingomyelin (SM) which remained unchanged. The changes observed in lipid class content and the decrease in fatty acids in total lipid (TL) reflect the utilization and mobilization of lipids during both embryogenesis and early larvae development. Fluctuations in the relative composition of fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine (PC) during development suggest a selective bulk uptake and catabolism of fatty acids in this lipid class. Unlike PC, catabolism of triacylglycerol (TG) fatty acid appears to be non-selective. During development, the decrease in levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3, DHA) in total lipid denotes their utilization as energy substrate by Diplodus sargus larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Rosa Cejas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias (I.E.O.). Crta. de San Andrés s/n, 38120 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Pickova J, Kiessling A, Pettersson A, Dutta PC. Comparison of fatty acid composition and astaxanthin content in healthy and by M74 affected salmon eggs from three Swedish river stocks. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(98)10016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wiegand MD. Utilization of yolk fatty acids by goldfish embryos and larvae. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 15:21-27. [PMID: 24193985 DOI: 10.1007/bf01874834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In each of two separate experiments, eggs from a single female goldfish were fertilized, incubated at 22°C and sampled regularly up to day 6 when the larvae could be expected to commence feeding. Hatching normally occurred on Day 4. Lipids were extracted from the eggs and larvae and the neutral lipid and neutral phospholipids were isolated on aminopropyl columns. Fatty acid analysis of the eggs revealed the typical situation in fish where the phospholipids were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the neutral lipids were rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Assay of lipid masses revealed that little depletion of lipid occurred until after hatch and that the neutral phospholipids were the principal fraction consumed. Although the neutral lipid mass did not change substantially during development, its fatty acid profile did. The proportions of several PUFA in the neutral lipids, especially 22∶6(n-3), 20∶5(n-3) and 20∶4(n-6), increased substantially during development while proportions of MUFA and 18∶2(n-6) declined. This appears to be a mechanism by which the larva can retain essential fatty acid released on hydrolysis of phospholipid while deriving the benefits of catabolism of phospholipid as fuel, namely the provision of phosphate and choline for intermediary metabolism and for the synthesis of macromolecules and neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Wiegand
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, R3B 2E9, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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