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Wang R, Yang H, Xue K, Zhao Y, Guo X. Facile Synthesis and Chiral Separation of Chiral Mesoporous Silica Microspheres. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 55:736-741. [PMID: 28387788 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica microspheres were synthesized by an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a precursor. The hydrochloric acid was used as a catalyzer to induce the hydrolysis of TEOS, while the cyclohexane acted as a stabilizer of the sol. The addition of polyethylene glycol can introduce the uniform mesoporous structure into the microspheres by phase separation. The as-prepared mesoporous silica microspheres possess a narrow particle size distribution, a mesopore size of 5.0 nm and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area as high as 230 m2·g-1. The resultant silica microspheres were used for packing chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns, after activated by hydrochloric acid and modified by amylose-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), respectively. The flurbiprofen axetil as a typical chiral drug with two stereocenters can be successfully separated by the as-obtained chiral HPLC columns using different mobile phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kunpeng Xue
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Yuexing Zhao
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Xingzhong Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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2
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Xu Q, Yin P, Kang L, Wang Z, Zhang J, Tang Q. Kinetics and Isotherm for Adsorption of Hg(II) from Aqueous Solution by Silica Gel Encapsulated by Polyamine-Functionalised Polystyrene. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/146867812x13558459493515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the synthesis of two novel composite adsorbents, namely (i) silica gel microspheres encapsulated with diethylenetriamine-functionalised polystyrene (SG – PS – SO2 – DETA) and (ii) silica gel microspheres encapsulated with triethylenetetramine-functionalised polystyrene (SG – PS – SO2 – TETA). Our objective was to design adsorbents with high adsorption capacities via different functional groups, and the results showed that SG – PS – SO2 – TETA has an excellent adsorption capacity for Hg(II) ions. A kinetic investigation of SG – PS – SO2 – DETA and SG – PS – SO2 – TETA for adsorption of Hg(II) is reported here and the results show that SG – PS – SO2 – DETA/SG – PS – SO2 – TETA could attain their saturation adsorption capacities within 4 h, and their excellent adsorption capacities for Hg(II) were 0.252 mmol g −1 and 0.383 mmol g −1, respectively. Moreover, the kinetic data indicated that the adsorption process is governed by the film diffusion. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyse the experimental data and the maximum adsorption capacities of SG – PS – SO2 – DETA and SG – PS – SO2 – TETA for Hg(II) were 46.54 mg g −1 and 113.47 mg g −1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Ping Yin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Kang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
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3
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Imidazoline type stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5987-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Xu Q, Yin P, Zhao G, Qu R. Dynamic Adsorption and Desorption Behaviors of Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(III) on Silica Gel Microspheres Encapsulated by Salicylic Acid–Functionalized Polystyrene. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500903213555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- a School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Ludong University , Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Ping Yin
- a School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Ludong University , Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Guifang Zhao
- a School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Ludong University , Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Rongjun Qu
- a School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Ludong University , Yantai, P. R. China
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5
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Synthesis and characterization of silica gel microspheres encapsulated by salicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene and its adsorption of transition metal ions from aqueous solutions. OPEN CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-009-0113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe present study was undertaken to develop a novel adsorbent for heavy metal ions, and this paper presents the synthesis and characterization of a composite material-silica gel microspheres encapsulated by salicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene (SG-PS-azo-SA) with a core-shell structure. SG-PS-azo-SA was used to investigate the adsorption of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Pd(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(III) from aqueous solutions. The results revealed that SG-PS-azo-SA has better adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III). Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyze the experimental data, the best interpretation for the experimental data was given by the Langmuir isotherm equation with the maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(III) at 1.288 mmol g−1, 1.850 mmol g−1 and 1.613 mmol gt-1, respectively. Thus, silica gel encapsulated by salicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene (SG-PS-azo-SA) is favorable and useful for the removal of Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III) metal ions.
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6
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Adsorption selectivity and dynamic adsorption behaviors of Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(III) on silica gel encapsulated by amino functionalized polystyrene. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Yin P, Xu Q, Qu R, Zhao G. Removal of transition metal ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto a novel silica gel matrix composite adsorbent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 169:228-232. [PMID: 19380193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presented the synthesis of a novel composite adsorbent silica gel microspheres encapsulated with 5-sulfosalicylic acid functionalized polystyrene (SG-PS-azo-SSA). It was characterized by titration method, FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometer), SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDXAS (energy dispersive X-ray analysis system), etc. SG-PS-azo-SSA has been used to investigate the adsorption of Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pd(II), Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III) from aqueous solutions. The research results revealed that SG-PS-azo-SSA has the better adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III). Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyze the experimental data and the adsorption of Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III) on SG-PS-azo-SSA fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm equation. The obtained maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(III) is 0.472 mmol/g, 0.822 mmol/g and 0.810 mmol/g, respectively. Thus, silica gel encapsulated by 5-sulfosalicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene (SG-PS-azo-SSA) is favorable and useful for the removal of Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III) metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
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8
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Xia Y, Liu Y, Zuo Y. Preparation and Preliminary Evaluation of an Agglomerated Zirconia Based Anion Exchange Packing for Ion Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200028367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- a Department of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin , 300071 , P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- a Department of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin , 300071 , P.R. China
- b Deparment of Chemistry , Tianjin University , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Yu‐min Zuo
- a Department of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin , 300071 , P.R. China
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Yang RQ, Jiang SX, Chen LR. Phenylvinylmethylpolysiloxane Encapsulated Stationary Phase for Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079808001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Q. Yang
- a Analytical Chemistry , Division Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - S. X. Jiang
- a Analytical Chemistry , Division Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - L. R. Chen
- a Analytical Chemistry , Division Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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Erratum. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200044539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Xia Y, Guo Y, Wang H, Wang Q, Zuo Y. Quantitative structure-retention relationships of benzoylphenylureas on polystyrene-octadecene-encapsulated zirconia stationary phase in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:73-7. [PMID: 15688634 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative Structure-Retention Relationships of benzoylphenylureas and similar compounds have been studied on a new type of stationary phase (polystyrene-octadecene-encapsulated zirconia) in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Using stepwise regression analysis, the relationships between the structural descriptors of the compound and its chromatographic retention were examined. It was confirmed that the retention of the dihalogenobenzoylphenylureas is mainly governed by the dipole moment (DM), the calculated molar refractivity (CMR), and the hydrophobicity parameter (C log P) of the compounds. The predicting equations for the 18 dihalogenobenzoylphenylureas and similar compounds were also established; there is a good agreement between the observed k values and the predicted k values. In addition, a typical ODS (Kromasil-C18-SiO2) was compared with C18-PS-ZrO2. The results showed that there were some differences between the two stationary phase for the separation of the compounds investigated, which are certainly related to surface characteristics of the two different supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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12
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Fonseca DA, Collins KE, Collins CH. Titanized silica-based stationary phases prepared with thermally and microwave-immobilized poly(methyloctylsiloxane). J Chromatogr A 2004; 1030:209-15. [PMID: 15043271 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Silica supports having their surface modified with titanium oxide were prepared and coated with poly(methyloctylsiloxane) (PMOS). Subsequently, immobilization of the polysiloxane was induced by thermal treatment or microwave radiation. The thermal treatment was carried out for different times (4, 8, 16 and 24 h) at temperatures ranging between 100 and 220 degrees C. For PMOS immobilization by microwave radiation, 452, 520 and 586 W power levels and exposure times of 5, 15 and 30 min were used. After extraction of non-immobilized polymer, the chromatographic properties of the phases were evaluated. The phase immobilized at 120 degrees C for 8 h presented the best chromatographic parameters, suggesting that the quantity of acidic hydroxyl groups on the support surface was reduced, resulting in fewer undesirable interactions of a basic solute with the silanols not removed or covered on the support surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania A Fonseca
- LabCrom-Laboratorio de Pesquisas em Cromatografia Liquida, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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13
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Nawrocki J, Dunlap C, Li J, Zhao J, McNeffe CV, McCormick A, Carr PW. Part II. Chromatography using ultra-stable metal oxide-based stationary phases for HPLC. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1028:31-62. [PMID: 14969281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this part of the review authors discuss methods used for modification of metal oxide surfaces. On the basis of literature data it is shown, that silanization of the surfaces do not form stable supports for chromatography. On the other hand, the success of polymer modified surfaces such as polybutadiene (PBD) and polystyrene (PS) is emphasized. Permanent modification of metal oxide surfaces with Lewis bases is also widely discussed. Chromatographic properties of polymer modified surfaces of zirconia are discussed in details. The perspectives of carbon-coated metal oxide surfaces in HPLC and high temperature separations are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nawrocki
- Department of Water Treatment Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Drzymały 24, 60-613 Poznań, Poland.
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Li YS, Li B, Han NY, Xu BJ. Studies on a poly(styrene-divinylbenzene)-encapsulated sub-micrometer sized organic–inorganic hybrid silica packing, its synthesis, some of its characteristics and applications. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1021:183-9. [PMID: 14735987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolyzed product of a mixture of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTEOS) was used to produce organic-inorganic hybrid silica by sol-gel processing. The product was a kind of composite with vinyl groups incorporated into the structure of the final particles through C-Si bonds. These hybrid silica particles were spherical and the average diameter was about 350 nm as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particles were non-porous as proved by BET method. The hybrid silica particles were subsequently encapsulated with a layer of PS-DVB, a polymeric mixture of styrene and divinylbenzene, with the vinyl groups on the particle surface as anchors of the polymer chains. The encapsulated packing was used as stationary phases in CEC, and the chromatographic behaviors were studied. Experimental results showed that, as expected, the smaller diameter stationary phase resulted in higher column efficiencies. In comparison with the columns packed with 5 microm diameter encapsulated-silica stationary phases of the same kind and other sub-micron stationary phases reported, it can be concluded that the EOF velocity is independent of the particle diameter when using 350 nm phase, but determined by the surface nature of the stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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15
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Buchmeiser MR. New synthetic ways for the preparation of high-performance liquid chromatography supports. J Chromatogr A 2001; 918:233-66. [PMID: 11407572 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The latest developments and in particular important synthetic aspects for the preparation of modern HPLC supports are reviewed. In this context, the chemistry of inorganic supports based on silica, zirconia, titania or aluminum oxide as well as of organic supports based on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene), acrylates, methacrylates and other, more specialized polymers is covered. Special consideration is given to modern approaches such as sol-gel technology, molecular imprinting, perfusion chromatography, the preparation of monolithic separation media as well as to organic HPLC supports prepared by new polymer technologies such as ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Synthetic particularities relevant for the corresponding applications are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Buchmeiser
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zhang G, Xu B. Chromatographic behavior of poly(styrene-divinybenzene) encapsulated packing material for capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 912:335-42. [PMID: 11330803 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) encapsulated silica (PS-DES) was synthesized and its characteristics as capillary electrochromatography stationary phase were studied. On capillary columns packed with this stationary phase, the effects of acetonitrile concentration as well as pH values on electroosmotic flow, and the effect of the latter on column efficiency were evaluated. Aromatic hydrocarbons, polar and basic medicinal compounds were successfully separated by using reversed-phase elution. It was evident that selectivity based on pi-pi electronic interaction between solute and stationary phase molecules contributed to the separation. Peaks in the chromatograms obtained were generally symmetrical. At a pH of the mobile phase as high as 11.2, the stationary phase was still stable after more than 160 h of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhang
- Department of Analytic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Mayr B, Buchmeiser MR. Influences of surface chemistry on the separation behavior of stationary phases for reversed-phase and ion-exchange chromatography: a comparison of coated and grafted supports prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. J Chromatogr A 2001; 907:73-80. [PMID: 11217049 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of poly(norborn-2-ene) (poly-NBE), poly(7-oxanorborne-2-ene-5,6-dicarboxylic acid) (poly-ONDCA), as well as poly(norborn-2-ene-co-7-oxanorborne-2-ene-5,6-dicarboxylic acid) (poly-NBE-co-ONDCA) based silica supports were prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using both coating and grafting techniques. Poly-NBE-grafted and poly-NBE-coated supports were used for the reversed-phase separation of phenols; poly-NBE, poly-ONDCA as well as poly-NBE-co-ONDCA-grafted supports were used for comparative studies on the separation of a series of anilines and lutidines. As expected, grafted supports possess superior separation capabilities compared to their coated analogues. Compared to pure poly-NBE- and poly-ONDCA-grafted stationary phases, supports consisting of poly-NBE-co-ONDCA block-copolymers possess both hydrophobic and ion-exchange sites and represent optimum stationary phases for the separation of isomeric basic analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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