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Tsapanou A, Scarmeas N, Stern Y. Sleep and the aging brain. A multifaceted approach. SLEEP SCIENCE (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL) 2020; 13:152-156. [PMID: 32742587 PMCID: PMC7384533 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the current review we provide a theoretical background on studies examining the association between sleep and brain function. We focus on the association between sleep and cognitive performance, cognitive changes over time and incident dementia as well. We then present some data on the link between sleep and subjective cognitive complaints, in participants without any objective clinical cognitive decline. We conclude with investigating the association between sleep and brain biomarkers, by highlighting the importance of specific genes and specific brain regions' morphometry. The role of sleep is vital in maintaining a healthy aging brain, and multiple factors should be taken under account when investigating this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Tsapanou
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center - New York - New York
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center - New York - New York
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center - New York - New York
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Kahya M, Vidoni E, Burns JM, Thompson AN, Meyer K, Siengsukon CF. The Relationship Between Apolipoprotein ε4 Carrier Status and Sleep Characteristics in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2017; 30:273-279. [PMID: 28747136 PMCID: PMC5845771 DOI: 10.1177/0891988717720301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele, a well-described genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), is associated with sleep disturbances even in cognitively normal older adults, although it is not clear whether this association is independent of sleep apnea. We sought to extend previous studies by examining whether cognitively normal older adults without self-reported sleep apnea who carry the APOE ε4 allele have altered sleep characteristics compared to noncarriers. Data from N = 36 (APOE ε4 carriers [n = 9], noncarriers [n = 27]) cognitively normal older adults (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] scale = 0) without self-reported sleep apnea were used for these analyses. Participants wore an actigraph for 7 days to determine sleep characteristics. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to assess sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, respectively. The APOE ε4 carriers had a higher number of awakenings compared to the noncarriers ( P = .02). There was no significant difference in the PSQI global score and the ESS; however, the PSQI subcomponent of daily disturbances was significantly higher in APOE ε4 carriers ( P = .03), indicating increased daytime dysfunction is related to disrupted sleep. This study provides evidence that individuals who are cognitively normal and genetically at risk of AD may have disrupted sleep. These findings are consistent with prior studies and suggest that sleep disruption may be present in the presymptomatic stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Kahya
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Eric Vidoni
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Jeffrey M. Burns
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Ashley N Thompson
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Kayla Meyer
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Catherine F. Siengsukon
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Tsapanou A, Scarmeas N, Gu Y, Manly J, Schupf N, Stern Y, Barral S. Examining the association between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and self-reported sleep disturbances in non-demented older adults. Neurosci Lett 2015; 606:72-6. [PMID: 26314507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and sleep disturbances. This is a cross-sectional study, from the Washington Heights-Inwood Community Aging Project (WHICAP). A total of 1944 non-demented older adults took part in the study. Sleep dysfunction was measured using sleep categories derived from the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale. Genetic association between APOE-ϵ4 genotype and sleep disturbances was assessed using unadjusted linear regression models. Secondary analyses were conducted adjusting for age, sex, education, ethnicity and body mass index (BMI). In the unadjusted model, individuals carrying the APOE-ϵ4 allele showed lower levels of snoring (β=-0.02, SE=0.01, p=0.010) and sleep apnea (β=-0.01, SE=0.01, p=0.037) when compared to non-ϵ4 carriers. After covariates' adjustment, ϵ4 carriers demonstrated stronger association with lower levels of both snoring (β=-0.02, SE=0.01, p=0.006), and sleep apnea (β=-0.01, SE=0.01, p=0.018). Our results suggest that APOE-ϵ4 is associated with decreased problems in snoring and sleep apnea, in non-demented older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Tsapanou
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry and Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry and Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yian Gu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Manly
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Barral
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Strittmatter M, Ostertag D, Hoffmann KH, Paulus C, Fischer C, Meyer S. Monoaminerge Transmitter in der Zerebrospinalflüssigkeit von Patienten mit akuten, chronischen und episodischen Schmerzen. DER NERVENARZT 2005; 76:443-52. [PMID: 15175858 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-004-1746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY PURPOSE Pain and depression share similar neurobiological characteristics, and it is a common clinical observation that pain and depression may coincide in the same patient. They also appear to influence each other in the process of chronification. Furthermore, there is a complex coupling of pain and depression by monoaminergic transmitter system. PATIENTS AND METHODS On the basis of these findings, norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DOP), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) concentrations were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with acute (20), chronic (27), and episodic pain syndrome (44) in a prospective study. The biochemical parameters were correlated to self-assessment pain and depression scores. The control group consisted of 13 pain-free patients with diseases affecting the muscular system. RESULTS Patients with chronic and episodic pain syndromes had significantly more depressive and psychovegetative symptoms compared to patients with acute pain. In patients with acute pain, DOP was significantly higher than in controls and chronic and episodic pain patients. In addition DOP was positively correlated to self-assessment pain score (p*<0.05). In patients with chronic and episodic pain, NE and 5-HIAA were positively correlated to the duration of disease and were significantly lower than in the control group. In neither of these two groups could significant correlations be established between these parameters and pain or depression self-assessment scores. In all groups, positive correlations were seen between the neurotransmitter and their metabolites. CONCLUSION The pathological decrease of NE and 5-HIAA in the CSF points to the crucial role of noradrenergic and serotonergic transmitter systems in the generation, modulation, and perpetuation of chronic and episodic pain syndromes. It indicates that antidepressants are effective drugs in these diseases. However, a discriminative neurochemical pattern between pain and depression could not be established. The demonstration of polyvalent correlations between different neurotransmitters is indicative of complex neurobiological coupling between cortical, limbic, and hypothalamic neuronal networks on the one hand and the nociceptive descending system on the other hand in the genesis of pain and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Strittmatter
- Klinik für Neurologie mit Stroke Unit, Klinikum Merzig, Merzig.
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