1
|
Pascual-Maté A, Osés SM, Fernández-Muiño MA, Sancho MT. Analysis of Polyphenols in Honey: Extraction, Separation and Quantification Procedures. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2017.1354025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pascual-Maté
- Nutrition and Bromatology Division, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Sandra M. Osés
- Nutrition and Bromatology Division, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Fernández-Muiño
- Nutrition and Bromatology Division, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Sancho
- Nutrition and Bromatology Division, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou XJ, Chen J, Shi YP. Rapid and sensitive determination of polyphenols composition of unifloral honey samples with their antioxidant capacities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/23312009.2015.1100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of the CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of the CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of the CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection for Separation of Red and Yellow Historical Dyes. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/chromatography1010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
4
|
Drivelos SA, Georgiou CA. Multi-element and multi-isotope-ratio analysis to determine the geographical origin of foods in the European Union. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
5
|
Ranjbari E, Biparva P, Hadjmohammadi MR. Utilization of inverted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by HPLC-UV as a sensitive and efficient method for the extraction and determination of quercetin in honey and biological samples. Talanta 2012; 89:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
6
|
Analysis of flavonoids in honey by HPLC coupled with coulometric electrode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2555-63. [PMID: 21229237 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of flavonoids in unifloral honeys by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with coulometric electrode array detection (CEAD) is described. The compounds were extracted by a nonionic polymeric resin (Amberlite XAD-2) and then separated on a reversed phase column using gradient elution. Quercetin, naringenin, hesperetin, luteolin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and galangin were detected in a coulometric electrode array detection system between +300 and +800 mV against palladium reference electrodes, and their presence was additionally confirmed by HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The method was applied to analysis of 19 honeys of different varieties and origin. The limits of detection and quantitation ranged between 1.6 and 8.3 μg/kg and 3.9 and 27.4 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were above 96% in fluid and above 89% in creamy honeys. Some of these honeys (melon, pumpkin, cherry blossom, dandelion, maple, and pine tree honey) were investigated for their flavonoid content and profile for the first time. Differences between honeys were observed both in flavonoid concentrations and in the flavonoid profiles. The flavonoid concentrations ranged from 0.015 to 3.4 mg/kg honey. Galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and luteolin were detected in all investigated honeys, whereas hesperetin occurred only in lemon and orange honeys and naringenin in lemon, orange, rhododendron, rosemary, and cherry blossom honeys.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chemical composition, characterization, and differentiation of honey botanical and geographical origins. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2011; 62:89-137. [PMID: 21504822 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385989-1.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Botanical and biographical origins of honey are an important issue in food quality and safety. This chapter focuses on use of chemical components to determine botanical and geographical origins of honey. The botanical and geographical origins of the nectar are related with the chemical composition of honey. Honey can originate from single and multiplant species. In general, the prices of honey from single plant species are much higher than those of common polyfloral honey because of consumer preferences. Single and multiple chemicals and components can well indicate the botanical and geographical origins of the honey. Marker chemicals and components include flavonoids, pollen, aroma compounds, oligosaccharides, trace elements, amino acids, and proteins. If multiple chemicals are used as markers, patterns of the chemicals are often used to detect the botanical and geographical origins of honey. Modern statistical software in combination with advanced analytical instrumentation provides high potential for the differentiation of the botanical and geographical origins of the honey.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jeon Y, Kwon C, Cho E, Jung S. Carboxymethylated cyclosophoraose as a novel chiral additive for the stereoisomeric separation of some flavonoids by capillary electrophoresis. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2408-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
9
|
Application and potential of capillary electroseparation methods to determine antioxidant phenolic compounds from plant food material. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1130-60. [PMID: 20719447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are one of the most common active ingredients of nutritionally functional foods which can play an important role in the prevention of oxidation and cellular damage inhibiting or delaying the oxidative processes. In recent years there has been an increased interest in the application of antioxidants to medical treatment as information is constantly gathered linking the development of human diseases to oxidative stress. Within antioxidants, phenolic molecules are an important category of compounds, commonly present in a wide variety of plant food materials. Their correct determination is pivotal nowadays and involves their extraction from the sample, analytical separation, identification, quantification and interpretation of the data. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about all the necessary steps of any analytical procedure to achieve the determination of phenolic compounds from plant matrices, paying particular attention to the application and potential of capillary electroseparation methods. Since it is quite complicated to establish a classification of plant food material, and to structure the current review, we will group the different matrices as follows: fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices and medicinal plants, beverages, vegetable oils, cereals, legumes and nuts and other matrices (including cocoa beans and bee products). At the end of the overview, we include two sections to explain the usefulness of the data about phenols provided by capillary electrophoresis and the newest trends.
Collapse
|
10
|
Truchado P, Ferreres F, Tomas-Barberan FA. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry reveals the widespread occurrence of flavonoid glycosides in honey, and their potential as floral origin markers. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
Kulikov AU, Galat MN, Boichenko AP. Optimization of Micellar LC Conditions for the Flavonoid Separation. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Yu LS, Xu XQ, Huang L, Ling JM, Chen GN. Separation and determination of flavonoids using microemulsion EKC with electrochemical detection. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:726-33. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
14
|
Herrero-Martínez JM, Oumada FZ, Rosés M, Bosch E, Ràfols C. Determination of flavonoid aglycones in several food samples by mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 30:2493-500. [PMID: 17654618 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The application of mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography to the separation of ten flavonoid aglycones (catechin, epicatechin, naringenin, morin, fisetin, quercetin, kaempferol, galangin, apigenin, and chrysin) belonging to four different classes (flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, and flavones), and expected to be prominent in commonly consumed foods, has been developed. A micellar system composed of 25 mM SDS and 25 mM sodium cholate buffered at pH 7.0 provided a simultaneous separation of all compounds in less than 20 min. The procedure could be easily adapted to the determination of some flavonoids from each of these classes in real complex samples (propolis, Ginkgo biloba, etc.). The LODs of these compounds were in the range of 1.2-4 microg/mL, and the peak area and migration time repeatabilities were below 6.0 and 3.1%, respectively.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang SP, Fu MD, Wang MH. Separation mechanism and determination of flavanones with capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1164:306-12. [PMID: 17658535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 06/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To probe separation mechanism and determination with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and liquid chromatography (LC), nine compounds with identical flavanone skeleton were studied. Optimum separation of LC was attained with gradient of acetonitrile and 5mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.9). For CE, electrolyte buffer was 4.5mM SDS in 32mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 9.2). The distinguishing feature in this work was successful separation of monohydroxyl stereoisomers by CZE. Polarity is generally increased with hydroxyl groups. In a separation mechanism study, polarity would be reduced by intramolecular hydrogen bond between hydroxyl of C5 and carbonyl group of C4. Comparison of the retention results among monohydroxyl flavanones shows polarity with hydroxyl at C6 the least, and that at C4' and C7 nearly equal. Also, elution order of flavones and flavanones would be adverse due to the hydroxyl at C3 in LC. From the numerical value pK(a) of flavanone, the C7-OH is the smallest, and two hydroxyl groups in an adjacent position is always less than the unique one caused by forming a stable 5-membered ring. Investigation of separation mechanism yield only the effect of constituent but also reasonable explanation for contradictory results between Wulf and our laboratory, this due to the hydroxyl at C3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Shalu, Taichung Hsein, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xiong S, Li J, Cheng J. Multicomponent Analysis of Highly Overlapped Capillary Electrophoretic Peaks Using Multiwave-Length Charge-Coupled Devices Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608017146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiang Xiong
- a Department of Chemistry Wuhan , University Wuhan , 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- a Department of Chemistry Wuhan , University Wuhan , 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieke Cheng
- a Department of Chemistry Wuhan , University Wuhan , 430072, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gómez-Caravaca AM, Gómez-Romero M, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Advances in the analysis of phenolic compounds in products derived from bees. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1220-34. [PMID: 16621403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Honey and propolis are rich in phenolic compounds, which act as natural antioxidants, and are becoming increasingly popular because of their potential role in contributing to human health. These compounds can also be used as indicators in studies into the floral and geographical origin of the honey and propolis themselves. We present here an overview of current analytical methods for measuring polyphenols in honey and propolis. The analytical procedure to determine individual phenolic compounds involves their extraction from the sample, analytical separation and quantification. The techniques reviewed are based on spectrophotometry as well as analytical separation techniques such as gas chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Gómez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arráez-Román D, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Gómez-Romero M, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Identification of phenolic compounds in rosemary honey using solid-phase extraction by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1648-56. [PMID: 16574364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Complex extracts of rosemary honey constituents often require very effective separation techniques to allow the identification of different compounds. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) detection can provide structure-selective information about the analytes in such matrices and has turned out to be an attractive alternative to HPLC methods. A simple and cost-effective analytical method involving solid-phase extraction (SPE) and capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS) to identify and characterize phenolic compounds in rosemary honey is described. The SPE, CE and ESI-MS parameters were optimized in order to maximize the number of phenolic compounds detected and the sensitivity of their determination. All CE-ESI-MS experiments were performed with uncoated fused-silica capillaries and an alkaline volatile buffer system consisting of 100 mM NH(4)Oac with 10% of 2-propanol at pH 10. Since sheath liquids can made significant effects on the sensitivity in typical CE-ESI-MS application, the effect of type and flow rate of the sheath liquid on the sensitivity of phenolic compounds were investigated. As result, the best sensitivity was obtained with a sheath liquid containing 2-propanol/water 60:40 (v/v) and 0.1% (v/v) of triethylamine at 3 microL/min in the negative ion mode. We describe the first method for the analysis of phenolic compounds in rosemary honey at mg/L levels by using a simple SPE before CE-ESI-MS analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Urbonaviciūte A, Jakstas V, Kornysova O, Janulis V, Maruska A. Capillary electrophoretic analysis of flavonoids in single-styled hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) ethanolic extracts. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112:339-44. [PMID: 16443232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are an important group of natural compounds, which can prevent coronary heart disease and have antioxidant properties. Hawthorn is a well known and widely used medicinal plant due to its cardiotonic activity. Previous studies refer mostly to the HPLC analysis of the flavonoids: vitexin, quercetin, hyperoside, oligomeric procyanidins, which appear to be primarily responsible for the cardiac action of the plant. Aqueous ethanolic extracts of single-styled hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq., f.: Rosaceae Juss.) leaves and sprouts were analyzed by means of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Influence of vegetation period on the extract qualitative composition and flavonoids quantities was evaluated. Sample preparation by extraction using different concentration of aqueous ethanol (40-96%, v/v) and the influence of extractant composition on the recovery of flavonoids are discussed in detail. The results obtained using CZE are compared to the results of spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis of the extracts. The effect of storage conditions of extracts (solar irradiation, temperature and duration) on degradation of flavonoids was investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Urbonaviciūte
- Department of Chemistry, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Herrero M, Ibáñiez E, Cifuentes A. Analysis of natural antioxidants by capillary electromigration methods. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:883-97. [PMID: 16013814 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200400104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an exhaustive survey of capillary electromigration methods used to analyze natural antioxidants is presented together with some discussion of the use of these substances use as functional foods. This review provides an updated and exhaustive overview of the separation and identification by capillary electrophoresis of natural compounds with antioxidant activity found in natural matrices and/or foods. The compounds concerned are catechins, isoflavones, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, vitamins, as well as other less common natural substances that have shown antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Herrero
- Institute of Industrial Fermentations, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Food authenticity is a term which simply refers to whether the food purchased by the consumer matches its description. False description can occur in many forms, from the undeclared addition of water or other cheaper materials, or the wrong declaration of the amount of a particular ingredient in the product, to making false statements about the source of ingredients i.e., their geographic, plant, or animal origin. The aim of this review is to summarize applications of capillary electrophoresis in food authentication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Kvasnicka
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Food Preservation and Meat Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang SP, Huang KJ. Determination of flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1032:273-9. [PMID: 15065805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The compounds of flavonoid, an important group in nature, can prevent coronary heart disease and anticancer by virtue of the characteristics of antioxidation. Nine flavonoids most often seen in grape wine, namely apigenin, baicalein, naringenin, luteolin, hesperetin, galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetine, were determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in this work. A successful resolution was obtained from an unusual additive of tetrahydrofuran in mobile phase by HPLC. One notable thing is that the mixture of luteolin and quercetin could be separated for the first time by HPLC. In addition, the better detection limit was still attainable even with the use of tetrahydrofuran. The detection limits of CZE performed in borate buffer were hundreds-fold better than in previous reports. Furthermore, the retention and migration behavior of the analytes studied were discussed. As the result of this study, the elution order of flavone and flavonone was reversed to the contention proposed by Wulf et al. It was predictable from the interaction with tetrahydrofuran. Consequently, the extracts from grape wine with solid-phase extraction were analyzed by developing methods of HPLC and CZE. The obtained recoveries ranged from 90 to 107% and the relative standard deviations were under 6.3%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, 200 Chunchi Road, Shalu, Taichung, Hsien 433, Taiwan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Applications of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for analysis of phytochemical substances (e.g. flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic acid, quinones and coumarins) are reviewed. For example, CE analysis of sixteen tea ingredients were achieved within 10 min with the good precision (RSDs% <1% for intra-day and 2% for inter-day) and linearity (R(2)>0.990). Quantitation of sanguinarine and chelerythrine, alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis L. or Macleaya cordata (Wild) Br. R. by CE showed excellent linearity (R(2)>0.998), precision (RSD%=1.8%) and detection limit (2.4-3.0 microM). Determination of antraquinone-1-sulphonate was also obtained by this technique with good linearity (R(2)>0.9999), precision (RSD%=2%) and detection limit (0.7 microg/ml). Results of CE analysis from several studies are comparable to those of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but the former is more useful for complex mixture samples where the analysis demands higher resolving power. Advantages of CE are high efficiency, low cost, short analysis time and simplicity, whereas disadvantages include low sensitivity comparing to HPLC and limitation of the preparative scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Suntornsuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhaya Road, Rajathevee, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jensen AG, Hansen SH. Separation of hypericins and hyperforins in extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. using non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis with reversed electro-osmotic flow. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 27:167-76. [PMID: 11682223 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The separation of the lipophilic compounds in extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. is demonstrated in a non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis system with reversed electro-osmotic flow. Solvent mixtures of methanol, dimethylsulfoxide and N-methylformamide were used for the electrophoresis media, with addition of ammonium acetate and sodium acetate as electrolytes. The flow was reversed by the addition of the polycation hexadimethrine bromide, and thus negative voltage was applied. The method shows baseline separation between the four hypericins-protopseudohypericin, pseudohypericin, protohypericin and hypericin-whereas total baseline separation between the two hyperforins-hyperforin and adhyperforin-was not achieved. Using a fused-silica capillary (30 cm x 25 microm ID) and a voltage of -25 kV the analysis time of the hypericins and hyperforins was obtainable within 3 min. Application of the method with a fused-silica capillary of a larger internal diameter (48.5 cm x 50 microm ID) and a voltage of -20 kV resulted in analysis times of 8 min, but also lower limits of detection. The maximal attainable voltage was applied in both cases. Simultaneous separation of the flavonoids-although less efficient-may also be achieved. The technique of non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis with reversed electro-osmotic flow provides a very fast technique to evaluate the composition of hypericins and hyperforins in extracts of Hypericum perforatum L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Gemal Jensen
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Optimization of the separation of flavonoids by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography: Effect of organic solvents. Chromatographia 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
26
|
Allen DJ, Gray JC, Paiva NL, Smith JT. An enantiomeric assay for the flavonoids medicarpin and vestitone using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2000; 21:2051-7. [PMID: 10879965 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(20000601)21:10<2051::aid-elps2051>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An enantiomeric assay for the flavonoids vestitone and medicarpin from transgenic plant extracts was developed using capillary electrophoresis. It was found that no single cyclodextrin proved capable of resolving the enantiomers of both medicarpin and vestitone. Instead, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin provided the best selectivity for the vestitones while hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin was best for the medicarpins. The addition of organic modifiers improved the resolution of both enantiomers. Acetonitrile proved best for the vestitones and only methanol improved the resolution of the medicarpins. An optimization study of mixed hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin containing electrolytes revealed that the separation of the medicarpin enantiomers was intolerant to the presence of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Our optimized running electrolyte was composed of 2 mM hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, 20 mM hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin, and 25 mM borate at pH 10.0 with 10% v/v methanol. This system provided a resolution of 1.47 and 1.80 for the medicarpin and vestitone enantiomers, respectively. This analysis was completed in 12 min. This separation provided a rapid screen to determine the enantiomeric purity of key flavonoids biosynthesized by transgenic legumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Allen
- Department of Physical Sciences, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant 74701-0609, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Anklam E. A review of the analytical methods to determine the geographical and botanical origin of honey. Food Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(98)00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
28
|
Peng HW, Cheng FC, Huang YT, Chen CF, Tsai TH. Determination of naringenin and its glucuronide conjugate in rat plasma and brain tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 714:369-74. [PMID: 9766878 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection was utilized for the investigation of the pharmacokinetics of naringenin and its glucuronide conjugate in rat plasma and brain tissue. Plasma and brain tissue were deproteinized by acetonitrile, then centrifuged for sample clean-up. The drugs were separated by a reversed-phase C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-orthophosphoric acid solution (pH 2.5-2.8) (36:64, v/v). The detection limits of naringenin in rat plasma and brain tissue were 50 ng/ml and 0.4 microg/g, respectively. The glucuronide conjugate of naringenin was evaluated by the deconjugated enzyme beta-glucuronidase. The naringenin conjugation ratios in rat plasma and brain tissue were 0.86 and 0.22, respectively, 10 min after naringenin (20 mg/kg, i.v.) administration. The mean naringenin conjugation ratio in plasma was approximately four fold that in brain tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W Peng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
da Costa CT, Nelson BC, Margolis SA, Derek Horton. Separation of blackcurrant anthocyanins by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
30
|
Morin P, Archambault J, André P, Dreux M, Gaydou E. Separation of hydroxylated and methoxylated flavonoids by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
31
|
Abstract
This review surveys the use of micelles as separation media in chromatography and electrophoresis. Applications to pharmaceuticals whose molecular masses are relatively small are focused on in this review. In high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), chromatography using micelles and reversed-phase stationary phases such as octadecylsilylized silica gel (ODS) columns is known as micellar liquid chromatography (MLC). The main application of MLC to pharmaceutical analysis is the same as in ion-pair chromatography using alkylsulfonate or tetraalkylammonium. In most cases, selectivity is much improved compared with other short alkyl chain ion-pairing agents such as pentanesulfonate or octanesulfonate. Direct plasma/serum injection can be successful in MLC. Separation of small ions is also successful by using gel filtration columns and micellar solutions. In electrophoresis, especially capillary electrophoresis (CE), micelles are used as pseudo-stationary phases in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). This mode is called micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Most of the drug analysis can be performed by using the MEKC mode because of its wide applicability. Enantiomer separation, separation of amino acids and closely related peptides, separation of very complex mixtures, determination of drugs in biological samples etc. as well as separation of electrically neutral drugs can be successfully achieved by MEKC. Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC), in which surfactants are also used in forming the microemulsion, is successful for the separation of electrically neutral drugs as in MEKC. This review mainly describes the typical applications of MLC and MEKC for the analysis of pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Nishi
- Analytical Research Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Muijselaar PG, Otsuka K, Terabe S. Micelles as pseudo-stationary phases in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1997; 780:41-61. [PMID: 9335128 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review article describes some general comments on micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) from the viewpoint of pseudo-stationary phases and presents a compiled list of surfactants used for MEKC, prepared from published papers. We tried to give comments on some typical surfactants from the practical point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G Muijselaar
- Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Micelles as separation media in high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance capillary electrophoresis: overview and perspective. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
34
|
Liang HR, Sirén H, Riekkola ML, Vuorela P, Vuorela H, Hiltunen R. Optimized separation of pharmacologically active flavonoids from Epimedium species by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) has become a popular mode among several capillary electromigration techniques. Most drug analyses can be performed by using MEKC because of its wide applicability. Enantiomer separation, separation of closely related peptides and isotopic compounds, separation of very complex mixtures, determination of drugs in the biological samples, etc., can be successfully achieved by MEKC. This review surveys typical applications of MEKC analysis. Recent advances in MEKC, especially with pseudo-stationary phases, are described. Modes of electrokinetic chromatography including MEKC, a separation theory of MEKC and selectivity manipulation in MEKC are also briefly mentioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Nishi
- Analytical Research Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chapter 3 Electrokinetic chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1464-3456(96)80020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
37
|
|
38
|
|
39
|
Gil MI, Ferreres F, Tomás-Barberán FA. Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography of Methylated Flavone Aglycones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079508010429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|