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Michel MC. Introduction: A Short History of Adrenoceptor Research. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 285:1-12. [PMID: 38797750 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides a short history of adrenoceptor research starting from the initial discovery of adrenaline. It covers the evolving classification of adrenoceptor subtypes, the cloning of these subtypes from multiple species, and factors such as adrenoceptor regulation, inverse agonism and biased agonism. More details on many of these aspects are provided in other chapters of this volume of Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Pruksapong C, Buarabporn N, Junkajorn S. Efficacy of Cold Tumescent for Prevention of Intraoperative Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Liposuction: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial-Half-Side Comparison. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:NP258-NP267. [PMID: 36495216 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleeding, a common intraoperative complication of liposuction, often causes pain and discomfort during recovery. Because of the vasoconstrictive effect of adrenaline in the tumescent solution, bleeding can be reduced; however, reports of postoperative bleeding persist. Cold temperatures also have a vasoconstrictive effect. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the efficacy of cold tumescent solution in preventing and reducing intraoperative bleeding. METHODS This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted between June 2018 and June 2019. The liposuction areas in each participant were divided into left and right sides; one side received operative room temperature tumescent solution (25 °C), and the other side received low-temperature tumescent solution (4 °C). The areas of ecchymosis, pain scores, and patient and surgeon satisfaction scores were compared and analyzed. RESULTS Ten patients with 36 pairs of liposuction areas were enrolled in the study. Cold tumescent liposuction resulted in a significantly lower lipocrit than was obtained on the standard tumescent side (1.56 ± 0.69 vs 2.92 ± 0.94; P < .001). The ecchymosis area and pain score were significantly lower in the cold tumescent group on days 2, 4, 7, and 14. The satisfaction evaluation scores did not differ between patients and surgeons at 12 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS The use of cold tumescent anesthesia significantly improved liposuction outcomes by reducing the intraoperative blood loss and the postoperative ecchymosis and pain, with no immediate or short-term complications in low-volume liposuction (<1000 mL) procedures. Furthermore, it generated a standard outcome and good patient satisfaction scores. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2
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Cockcroft DW. History of asthma in Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY, CRITICAL CARE, AND SLEEP MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2022.2130840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. W. Cockcroft
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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A Proposal from the Montpellier World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Better Management and Prevention of Anaphylaxis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 9:676-683.e1. [PMID: 33059097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the first description of anaphylaxis in 1902, its clinical importance as an emergency condition has been recognized worldwide. Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction characterized by rapid onset and the potential to endanger life through respiratory or circulatory compromise. It is usually, although not always, associated with skin and mucosal changes. Although the academic/scientific communities have advocated to promote greater awareness and protocols for the management of anaphylaxis based on best evidence, there are few efforts documenting feedback as to the success of these efforts. In this article, we review the key unmet needs related to the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis, and propose a public health initiative for prevention measures and a timetable action plan that intends to strengthen the collaboration among health professionals and especially primary care physicians dealing with anaphylaxis, which can encourage enhanced quality of care of patients with anaphylaxis. More than calling for a harmonized action for the best management of anaphylaxis to prevent undue morbidity and mortality, the Montpellier World Health Organization Collaborating Centre here proposes an action plan as a baseline for a global initiative against anaphylaxis. We strongly believe that these collaborative efforts are a strong public health and societal priority that is consistent with the overarching goals of providing optimal care of allergic patients and best practices of allergology.
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Comparison of four documents describing adrenaline purification, and the work of three important scientists, Keizo Uenaka, Nagai Nagayoshi and Jokichi Takamine. J Anesth Hist 2020; 6:42-48. [PMID: 32593376 DOI: 10.1016/j.janh.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The name of Keizo Uenaka has not been documented in textbooks. However, Uenaka was the scientist who worked on ephedrine and played a practical role in the purification and crystallization of adrenaline. His handwritten memorandum, "On Adrenaline, Memorandum, July to December, 1900" is now stored in a Buddhist temple, Kyougyou-ji in Nashio, Japan. In the present report, we compared Uenaka's original description and Jokichi Takamine's published scientific reports, and examined how each statement in four documents are related to each other in terms of successful adrenaline crystallization. Uenaka's memorandum contained precise procedures and experimental tips for successful purification. The experimental steps were considered to transcribed in the first published document in The American Journal of Pharmacy by Takamine in 1901, and summarized in another document in ``Journal of Physiology'' in 1901. A Japanese version was published in ``Yakugakuzasshi'' in 1903 by translating the English paper in the American Journal of Pharmacy published in 1901. Reading Uenaka's memorandum, we realized that he tirelessly and diligently undertook routine experiments that to some of us might seem boring and laborious. Although the name of Uenaka is not globally well known, he was the main scientist who did the actual work of purifying adrenaline.
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Ewang-Emukowhate M, Nair D, Caplin M. The role of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in neuroendocrine tumors: the journey so far. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/ije-2019-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) is a surrogate marker for serotonin measurement and one of the first biochemical markers used in neuroendocrine tumors. In this review, we give a brief history of 5-HIAA and its precursor serotonin. We discuss its clinical utility and diagnostic performance in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor and describe the challenges encountered during its analysis, historically performed in urine. The introduction of blood-based assays will help overcome some of the issues associated with its measurement in urine. The diagnostic performance of serum and plasma 5-HIAA has been shown to be comparable to that of urine 5-HIAA. Thus, analysis in either serum or plasma will provide a practical and convenient alternative to urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mfon Ewang-Emukowhate
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW3 2QG, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Devaki Nair
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Martyn Caplin
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW3 2QG, UK
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Abstract
"Patients that sweat over their whole bodies from the beginning…that have burning heat, are cooled without a crisis and then quickly become burning hot again…" 1 Was Hippocrates talking about patients with pheochromocytomas and their classic triad of paroxysmal symptomatology of palpitations, diaphoresis, and headaches? We will never know….
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology & Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Neto APV, Machado DFS, Lopes TO, Camargo AJ, de Oliveira HCB. Explicit Aqueous Solvation Treatment of Epinephrine from Car–Parrinello Molecular Dynamics: Effect of Hydrogen Bonding on the Electronic Absorption Spectrum. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8439-8450. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arsênio P. V. Neto
- Laboratório de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular (LEEDMOL), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel F. Scalabrini Machado
- Laboratório de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular (LEEDMOL), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago O. Lopes
- Laboratório de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular (LEEDMOL), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ademir J. Camargo
- Grupo de Química Teórica de Anápolis (GQTEA), Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 75132-903 Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Heibbe C. B. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular (LEEDMOL), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular (LEEDMOL), Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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de la Torre M, Gómez-Botrán JL, Olivera ER, Bermejo F, Rodríguez-Morán J, Luengo JM. Histamine catabolism in Pseudomonas putida U: identification of the genes, catabolic enzymes and regulators. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:1828-1841. [PMID: 29614211 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the catabolic pathway required for the degradation of the biogenic amine histamine (Hin) was genetically and biochemically characterized in Pseudomonas putida U. The 11 proteins (HinABCDGHFLIJK) that participate in this pathway are encoded by genes belonging to three loci hin1, hin2 and hin3 and by the gene hinK. The enzymes HinABCD catalyze the transport and oxidative deamination of histamine to 4-imidazoleacetic acid (ImAA). This reaction is coupled to those of other well-known enzymatic systems (DadXAR and CoxBA-C) that ensure both the recovery of the pyruvate required for Hin deamination and the genesis of the energy needed for Hin uptake. The proteins HinGHFLKIJ catalyze the sequential transformation of ImAA to fumaric acid via N2 -formylisoasparagine, formylaspartic acid and aspartic acid. The identified Hin pathway encompasses all the genes and proteins (transporters, energizing systems, catabolic enzymes and regulators) needed for the biological degradation of Hin. Our work was facilitated by the design and isolation of genetically engineered strains that degrade Hin or ImAA and of mutants that accumulate Ala, Asp and Hin catabolites. The implications of this research with respect to potential biotechnological applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel de la Torre
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultades de Veterinaria y de Biología, Universidad de León, León 24071, España
| | - José L Gómez-Botrán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultades de Veterinaria y de Biología, Universidad de León, León 24071, España
| | - Elías R Olivera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultades de Veterinaria y de Biología, Universidad de León, León 24071, España
| | - Francisco Bermejo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, España
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-Morán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, España
| | - José M Luengo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultades de Veterinaria y de Biología, Universidad de León, León 24071, España
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Kokorekin VA, Solomatin YA, Gening ML, Petrosyan VA. Electrochemical SNH(An) functionalization of 1,2- and 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tian H, Fürstenberg A, Huber T. Labeling and Single-Molecule Methods To Monitor G Protein-Coupled Receptor Dynamics. Chem Rev 2016; 117:186-245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Horstmann JP, Marzi I, Relja B. Adrenergic stimulation alters the expression of inflammasome components and interleukins in primary human monocytes. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:297-302. [PMID: 26889257 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior to their release, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 are cleaved to their bioactive forms by a multiprotein complex known as an inflammasome, which is comprised of a number of elements that are subject to nuclear factor-κB-dependent transcription. Catecholamines have been indicated to exert an enhancing effect on the IL-1β release. The aim of the present study was to determine whether alterations in inflammasome gene expression may be responsible for the modified IL-1β and IL-18 secretion following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and catecholamine co-stimulation. Monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of 21 healthy volunteers using CD14+ microbeads. Following stimulation with LPS (2 µg/ml) and/or phenylephrine (PE; 10 µM) for 24 h, the supernatants were subjected to ELISA to evaluate the ex vivo protein expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18. In addition, the gene expression levels of inflammasome components associated with the cleavage of IL-1β and IL-18, including NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase-1 and PYCARD were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that LPS significantly increased IL-1β expression compared with the unstimulated control samples. Co-stimulation with LPS + PE significantly enhanced IL-1β expression compared with LPS alone. Furthermore, IL-18 expression was significantly reduced by LPS and LPS + PE co-stimulation. The gene expression levels of IL-18, NLRP1, caspase-1 and PYCARD were comparable in the LPS- and LPS + PE-stimulated cells. LPS significantly induced the expression levels of IL-1β and NLRP3, and to a lesser degree, the expression of NLRP1, compared with the control. By contrast, PE markedly induced the expression levels of IL-18 and NLRP1, while LPS reduced the gene expression of IL-18. In conclusion, adrenergic stimulation suppressed NLRP3 expression and enhanced NLRP1 expression, indicating that NLRP3 may regulate IL-1β secretion and NLRP1 may regulate the release of IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann-Philipp Horstmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
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Kotb El-Sayed MI, Amin HK. Catha edulis chewing effects on treatment of paranoid schizophrenic patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1067-76. [PMID: 25926735 PMCID: PMC4403690 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s81011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study's aim is to evaluate the possible interaction effects of khat chewing on treatment of paranoid schizophrenic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the study group, 42 male subjects suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and were classified according to their khat chewing habits into two subgroups: either khat-chewer subgroup (SKc; n=21; r=11, h=10) or non-khat-chewer subgroup (SNKc; n=21, r=11, h=10). Each subgroup was further subdivided according to type of treatment into r (risperidone) and h (haloperidol). Healthy male subjects (37) were subdivided into healthy khat-chewer as positive controls (HKc, n=17) and healthy non-khat-chewer as negative controls (HNKc, n=20). Plasma dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, epinephrine, and norepinephrine were estimated. RESULTS ANOVA and post hoc analysis showed that dopamine was illustrating significant elevation in all khat chewing groups. DOPAC was illustrating significant decrease in all khat chewing groups with an interesting outcome showing significant increase in DOPAC in SNKcr group due to risperidone effect. Homovanillic acid, serotonin, hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and norepinephrine were illustrating significant elevations in all khat chewing groups. Epinephrine was illustrating significant elevation in all chewers than non-chewers groups. Unexpected significant decrease in epinephrine in the SNKcr group indicated that risperidone drug is decreasing epinephrine through indirect mechanism involving calcium. CONCLUSION Khat chewing in schizophrenic patients is contraindicated because it aggravates the disease symptoms, attenuates all used treatment medications, and deteriorates all biochemical markers of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-I Kotb El-Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem-K Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
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Simman R, Reynolds D, Saad S. Bedside bleeding control, review paper and proposed algorithm. J Am Coll Clin Wound Spec 2013; 4:40-4. [PMID: 24527382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccw.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleeding is a common occurrence in practice, but occasionally it may be challenging issue to overcome. It can come from numerous sources such as, trauma, during or post-surgical intervention, disorders of platelet and coagulation factors and increased fibrinolysis, wounds and cancers. This paper was inspired from our experience with a patient admitted to a local long term acute care facility with a large fungating right breast cancerous wound. During her hospital stay spontaneous bleeding from her breast cancerous mass was encountered and became more frequent and significant over the period of her stay. Different hemostatic technologies were used to control her bleeding. We felt that it was important to share our experience with our colleagues to help with potential similar situation that they may face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Simman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - David Reynolds
- Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency, Dayton VA Medical Center, 4100 W. Third St., Dayton, OH 45428, USA
| | - Sharon Saad
- Intern Observership at Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
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Multi-wall carbon nanotubes and TiO2 as a sensor for electrocatalytic determination of epinephrinein the presence of p-chloranil as a mediator. J Solid State Electrochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang X, Wang Q, Yang M, Xiao J, Liu Q, Wu H, Zhang Y. QseBC controls flagellar motility, fimbrial hemagglutination and intracellular virulence in fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 30:944-953. [PMID: 21288493 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The inter-kingdom communication with the mammalian hosts mediated by autoinducer-3 (AI-3)/epinephrine (Epi)/norepinephrine (NE), and transduced by two-component systems QseBC has recently been described. As a fish pathogen and opportunistic pathogen for human beings, Edwardsiella tarda develops surface structures such as flagellar and fimbriae to cause different hemagglutination phenotypes and serotypes and initiate pathogen-host recognition and invasion process. E. tarda survives within macrophages in fish using type III secretion system (TTSS). Here, the genes of E. tarda two-component system, qseB and qseC, were found to be co-transcribed. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that evolution of QseC strongly correlated to different host niches. Compared with the wild type and their complemented strains, ΔqseB and ΔqseC mutants exhibited significant impaired flagellar motilities. Mammalian Epi was able to stimuli the flagellar motility in E. tarda via QseBC. Hemagglutination caused by fimbriae was induced in ΔqseB but repressed in ΔqseC. Disruption of qseB or qseC down-regulated the intracellular expressions of TTSS elements EseB and EsaC, and impaired their intracellular survival capabilities as well as in vivo competitive abilities. Furthermore, in vitro tests indicated that expression of EseB was induced by Epi via QseBC. Our results revealed that the QseBC system modified the virulence-related surface structures (flagellum, fimbriae and secretion system) and that hormone might stimulate the virulence of the pathogen in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Ryu SK, Ahn M. Effect of Epinephrine in Reconstruction of an Orbital Wall Fracture. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2011. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2011.52.6.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Kwang Ryu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Min Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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Zarychanski R, Ariano RE, Paunovic B, Bell DD. Historical perspectives in critical care medicine: blood transfusion, intravenous fluids, inotropes/vasopressors, and antibiotics. Crit Care Clin 2009; 25:201-20, x. [PMID: 19268803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress in critical care medicine has been the result of tireless observation, dedicated research, and well-timed serendipity. This article provides a historical perspective for four meaningful therapies in critical care medicine: blood transfusion, fluid resuscitation, vasopressor/inotropic support, and antibiotics. For each therapy, key discoveries and events that have shaped medical history and helped define current practice are discussed. Prominent medical and social pressures that have catalyzed research and innovation in each domain are also addressed, as well as current and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Zarychanski
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Manitoba, JJ399-700 William Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Lee DR, Galant NJ, Wang H, Mucsi Z, Setiadi DH, Viskolcz B, Csizmadia IG. Thermodynamic functions of molecular conformations of (2-fluoro-2-phenyl-1-ethyl)ammonium ion and (2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1-ethyl)ammonium ion as models for protonated noradrenaline and adrenaline: first-principles computational study of conformations and thermodynamic functions for the noradrenaline and adrenaline models. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2507-15. [PMID: 19239211 DOI: 10.1021/jp807353n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the structural and thermodynamic consequences of substitution of the OH group by the isoelectronic F-atom in the case of the adrenaline family of molecules. The conformational landscapes were explored for the two enantiomeric forms of N-protonated-beta-fluoro-beta-phenyl-ethylamine, also called (2-fluoro-2-phenyl-1-ethyl)-ammonium ion (Model 1) and that of N-protonated-beta-hydroxy-beta-phenyl-ethylamine, also referred to as (2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1-ethyl)-ammonium (Model 2) models of noradrenaline and adrenaline molecules. These full conformational studies were carried out by first principles of quantum mechanical computations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and G3MP2B3 levels of theory, using the Gaussian03 program. Also, frequency calculations of the stable structures were performed at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), and G3MP2B3 levels of theory. The thermodynamic functions (U, H, S, and G) of the various stable conformations of the title compounds were calculated at these levels of theory for the R and S stereoisomers. Relative values of the thermodynamic functions have been calculated with respect of the chosen reference conformers in which all relevant dihedral angles assumed anti orientation for the Model 1 and Model 2. Through the combination of both point and axis chirality, the enantiomeric and diastereomeric relationships of the six structures for each molecule investigated were established. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions have been studied by the atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis of the electron density. The aromaticity of phenyl group has been determined by a selective hydrogenation protocol. The pattern of the extent of aromacity, due intramolecular interactions, varies very little between the two models studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongJin R Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean D Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Haryy Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bennett
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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