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Rainsford KD, Haynes DR. Professor Barrie Vernon-Roberts, AO, MD, BSc, PhD, FRCPath, FRCPA, FAOrthA (Hon), FRS.SA. Inflammopharmacology 2013; 21:269-77. [PMID: 23824627 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-013-0176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This issue of Inflammopharmacology contains papers that have been submitted to commemorate the life and work of Professor Barrie Vernon-Roberts, an outstanding clinical scientist in the field of bone pathology and its pharmacological regulation. This review briefly summarizes his major works and achievements as well as a list of his publications.
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Whitehouse MW, McGeary RP. Concerning the anti-arthritic action of cetyl myristoleate in rats: an interim report. Inflammopharmacology 2010; 7:303-10. [PMID: 17638102 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-999-0014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/1999] [Accepted: 07/19/1999] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The proposed arthro-preventive action of cetyl myristoleate, an OTC product sold as a nutritional supplement, could not be confirmed, using an almost identical bioassay (adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in rats) as that described in the original report (Diehl and May, 1994) with the same, and 3 other, dosing schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Whitehouse
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, 4102, Brisbane, Australia
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Cantley MD, Smith MD, Haynes DR. Pathogenic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/ijr.09.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hossain A, Zheng CL, Kukita A, Kohashi O. Balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines associated with the preventive effect of incomplete Freund's adjuvant on the development of adjuvant arthritis in LEW rats. J Autoimmun 2001; 17:289-95. [PMID: 11771953 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.2001.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) could induce adjuvant arthritis (AA) in LEW rats and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) could induce oil induced arthritis (OIA) in DA but not in LEW rats. Lymph node cells (LNCs) from these AA and OIA rats showed increased mRNA expression of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and TNF-alpha but not IL-4. LNCs from IFA immunized LEW rats showed increased expression of IL-4, reduced expression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and no IL-2, in contrast to IFA immunized DA rats. The pretreatment of IFA before CFA challenge could completely prevent AA in LEW rats and their LNCs showed increased expression of IL-4 and IFN-gamma but not IL-2 and TNF-alpha. In F1 (LEW x DA) rats, IFA could not induce OIA but the pretreatment of IFA before CFA challenge could induce very mild AA with 80% incidence, LNCs showing an elevated expression of all the above cytokines. These findings suggest that increased Th1 cytokine expression is associated with disease development and that increased IL-4 expression or the balance of Th2 over Th1 cytokine expression plays an important regulatory role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
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Ayer LM, Issekutz AC, Waterhouse CC, Stadnyk AW. Cytokine mRNA in the joints and draining lymph nodes of rats with adjuvant arthritis and effects of cyclosporin A. Inflammation 2000; 24:447-61. [PMID: 10921508 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007064212462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
TNF-alpha and IL-1beta promote leukocyte recruitment to arthritic joints and may contribute to cartilage degradation while regulatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-1RA may in part determine the course of arthritis. Here we report the pattern of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma, IL-1RA, and IL-4 mRNA expression, detected by RT/PCR, in the talar joint and draining popliteal lymph node (PLN) of rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA). Levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA were increased in the PLN before clinical signs of arthritis. This was followed by increases in IL-1beta and IL-1RA mRNA at d9 and IL-6 mRNA at d12. PLN IL-1RA mRNA levels were positively correlated with those of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha throughout d5-d20. IL-4 mRNA levels were highest on days 7 and 20. In the synovium, a small increase in TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA was detected on d5 then again on d12. Maximal synovial TNF-alpha levels were reached on d20, while IL-1beta peak expression was on d16 and IL-6 on d14. IL-4, IL-1RA, and IFN-gamma mRNA was undetectable in the synovium. Cyclosporin treatment for 4 days, initiated at the height of arthritis, rapidly decreased clinical disease, and decreased migration of neutrophils and T lymphocytes into the joints. Yet no significant effect of CyA was observed on inflammatory cytokine expression, although the correlation between PLN IL-1RA and IL-1beta or TNF-alpha was lost in treated animals. Thus there is a variable pattern of cytokine gene expression in rat AA, the undetectable IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA in synovium being analogous to human rheumatoid arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Cyclosporine/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein
- Interleukin-1/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-1/genetics
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-6/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Male
- Models, Animal
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sialoglycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Sialoglycoproteins/genetics
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
- Tarsus, Animal/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Ayer
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Morton RS, Dongari-Bagtzoglou AI. Regulation of gingival fibroblast interleukin-6 secretion by cyclosporine A. J Periodontol 2000; 70:1464-71. [PMID: 10632522 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1999.70.12.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressant, with clinical applications ranging from organ transplants to chronic inflammatory diseases. One of the side effects associated with CsA treatment is the development of gingival overgrowth. Exuberant growth of connective tissue within the periodontium can result from hyperactivity of resident fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are capable of secreting interleukin-6 (IL-6), which has been shown to enhance proliferation as well as collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis by these cells. We tested the hypothesis that one of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying CsA-induced fibrosis is an enhanced IL-6 secretion by gingival fibroblasts (GF) in response to this drug. METHODS The ability of CsA to upregulate GF IL-6 secretion alone or in combination with bacterial challenge or other inflammatory cytokines was tested in an in vitro system. Fibroblast cultures were established from systemically healthy gingival tissue donors and were challenged with CsA in the absence or presence of bacteria, IL-1beta, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha as co-stimulants. Nifedipine and phenytoin were also tested to further support findings with CsA. After 72 hours of incubation, culture supernatants were collected and analyzed for IL-6 content by ELISA. RESULTS We have shown that GF respond to CsA with an increase in IL-6 secretion. The magnitude of this response varies among cultures derived from different tissue donors. We have also demonstrated that GF IL-6 responses to bacterial challenge or TNFalpha are downregulated by CsA. However, CsA synergizes with IL-1beta to further upregulate IL-6 secretion, and this effect is shared by phenytoin and nifedipine. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that one of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying drug-induced gingival overgrowth may be enhanced secretion of IL-6 by GF in response to these medications. This is the first report on direct and indirect effects of gingival overgrowth-related medications on GF IL-6 metabolism. This work will lay the foundation for future studies directed towards the development of prevention or treatment modalities for gingival overgrowth based on blocking the fibrogenic activities of IL-6 at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Morton
- Division of Periodontics, Columbia University, School of Dental and Oral Surgery, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Smith MM, Numata Y, Ghosh P. Effects of calcium pentosan polysulfate on joint inflammation and pouch fluid levels of leukocytes, nitric oxide, and interleukin-6 in a rat model of arthritis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-393x(00)88499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Oliver SJ, Freeman SL, Corral LG, Ocampo CJ, Kaplan G. Thalidomide analogue CC1069 inhibits development of rat adjuvant arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 118:315-21. [PMID: 10540197 PMCID: PMC1905423 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been implicated in the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis in humans as well as of experimental arthritis in rodents. Thalidomide, and to a greater extent the new thalidomide analogue CC1069, inhibit monocyte TNF-alpha production both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study is to establish whether these drugs block production of TNF-alpha as well as IL-2 by rat leucocytes and whether this inhibition affects the development of rat adjuvant arthritis (AA). Cultured splenocytes were stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or concanavalin A (Con A) in the presence of thalidomide, CC1069, or solvent, and the production of TNF-alpha and IL-2 were compared. Next, adjuvant was injected into the base of the tail of rats without or with daily intraperitoneal injections with 100-200 mg/kg per day thalidomide or 50-200 mg/kg per day CC1069. Disease activity, including ankle swelling, hind limb radiographic and histological changes, weight gain, and ankle joint cytokine mRNA levels, were monitored. CC1069, but not the parent drug thalidomide, inhibited in vitro production of TNF-alpha and IL-2 by stimulated splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, a dose-dependent suppression of AA disease activity occurred in the CC1069-treated animals. In contrast, thalidomide-treated rats experienced comparable arthritis severity to placebo-treated animals. There was also a reduction in TNF-alpha and IL-2 mRNA levels in the ankle joints of CC1069-treated rats compared with thalidomide- and placebo-treated arthritic rats. Early initiation of CC1069 treatment suppressed AA inflammation more efficiently than delayed treatment. We conclude that thalidomide, which did not suppress TNF-alpha or IL-2 production in vitro by Lewis rat cells, did not suppress development of rat AA. However, the development of rat AA can be blocked by the thalidomide analogue CC1069, which is an efficient inhibitor of TNF-alpha production and IL-2 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Oliver
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Haynes DR, Hutchens MJ, Whitehouse MW, Vernon-Roberts B. A comparison of the disease-modifying and cytokine-regulating activities of tenidap, piroxicam and cyclosporin-A using the adjuvant-induced model of arthritis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 1998; 6:193-202. [PMID: 17657619 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-998-0019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/1997] [Accepted: 03/16/1998] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the antiarthritic activity of tenidap, piroxicam and cyclosporin-A (CsA) using the model of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. The aim of the study was to correlate any disease-modifying effects of tenidap with its in-vivo regulation of cytokines.Both tenidap and piroxicam reduced arthritic disease when administered orally from the time the first signs of arthritis are expressed. Disease suppression correlated with a significant reduction in interleukin-6 production and a slight reduction in interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor production. When coadministered with the adjuvant, tenidap and CsA prevented disease in 50% and 100% of animals, respectively, whereas piroxicam had no effect. This disease prevention induced by tenidap and CsA coincided with reduced interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 production by lymph node cells one day following initiation of adjuvant disease. This inhibition of T-cell cytokines might be consistent with tenidap acting as a disease-modifying drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Haynes
- Department of Pathology, University of Adelaide, 5005, Adelaide, SA
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Whitehouse MW, Turner AG, Davis CK, Roberts MS. Emu oil(s): A source of non-toxic transdermal anti-inflammatory agents in aboriginal medicine. Inflammopharmacology 1998; 6:1-8. [PMID: 17638122 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-998-0001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/1997] [Accepted: 04/23/1997] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The 'oil' obtained from emu fat can be a very effective inhibitor of chronic inflammation in rats when applied dermally (with a skin penetration enhancer). Assays for this activity using the adjuvant-induced arthritis model have shown: i. Considerable variability in potency of some commercial oil samples; ii. Little or no correlation of activity with colour or linolenic acid (18:3) content of the oil; iii. Relative stability of some active oils (to heat, ageing at room temperature); iv. The bulk of the anti-inflammatory activity was present in a low triglyceride fraction; and v. Potential arthritis-suppressant/immunoregulant activity of these active fractions. These studies point to the need for more rigid quality control before considering such a (now proven) traditional medicine as a complementary therapy.Repeated applications of selected oils did not induce any of the more prominent side-effects associated with NSAIDs (e.g. platelet inhibition, gastrotoxicity) or certain anti-arthritic drugs (proteinuria, leukopenia).
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Whitehouse
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 4102, Brisbane, Queensland
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Philippe L, Gegout-Pottie P, Guingamp C, Bordji K, Terlain B, Netter P, Gillet P. Relations between functional, inflammatory, and degenerative parameters during adjuvant arthritis in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 273:R1550-6. [PMID: 9362323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.4.r1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the time-course of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in Lewis rats, using biotelemetry to monitor the rat's spontaneous locomotor activity and body temperature, and studied the evolution of the arthritic index, circulating concentrations of inflammation-promoting cytokines, cartilage proteoglycan synthesis, and the effect of indomethacin as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor to evaluate prostaglandin (PG) contribution in AA. The injection of complete Freund's adjuvant on day 0 (D0) induced a marked, transient loss of locomotor activity (D1-D4; initial phase) and then a second phase of hypomobility peaking on D15 and thereafter irreversible (D16-D20; arthritic phase). Fever peaked first on D1 and again between D13 and D17. The primary hyperthermia was associated with increases in plasma interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations and seemed to be partly PG dependent. Proteoglycan synthesis inhibition in the patellar cartilage increased gradually, spreading from the injected paw to the contralateral paw. It was corrected on D20 by preventive and curative indomethacin treatments. Indomethacin also greatly relieved hypomobility during the systemic phase of AA (D10-D15). The combination of information about cartilage metabolism, body temperature, locomotor activity, and cytokine in this study permits analysis of analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and chondroprotective properties of drugs in the various phases of AA. Thus, using a new methodology, we have discriminated the different phases of the disease and confirmed the symptomatic and systemic inhibitory effect of indomethacin on fever, activity, and cartilage metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Philippe
- Unité de Recherches Associée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 1288, Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires, Faculté de Médecine, Université Henri Poincaré Nancy I, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Whitehouse MW, Macrides TA, Kalafatis N, Betts WH, Haynes DR, Broadbent J. Anti-inflammatory activity of a lipid fraction (lyprinol) from the NZ green-lipped mussel. Inflammopharmacology 1997; 5:237-46. [PMID: 17638133 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-997-0002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/1997] [Accepted: 04/30/1997] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A lipid-rich extract, preparared by supercritical fluid extraction of fresh stabilized mussel powder (Lyprinol), showed significant anti-inflammatory (AI) activity given therapeutically and prophylactically po to Wistar and Dark Agouti rats developing either (a) adjuvant-induced polyarthritis or (b) collagen(II)-induced autoallergic arthritis, with ED(50)</=15 mg/kg; c.f. naproxen>/=25 mg/kg or various therapeutic oils (flaxseed, evening primrose, fish)>/=1800 mg/kg given orally. Lyprinol showed little or no activity in acute irritation assays (carrageenan, kaolin, histamine) indicating it is not mimicking rapid-acting NSAIDs.Incorporating Lyprinol into arthritigenic adjuvants composed of heat-killed Mycobacterium. tuberculosis suspended in olive oil or squalane, effectively prevented arthritis development at a dose of 5 mg/rat. By contrast, 'dummy adjuvants' prepared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and flaxseed, evening primrose or fish oils were still arthritigenic in Dark Agouti rats (doses of oil=90 mg/rat).Lyprinol subfractions inhibited leukotriene-B(4) biosynthesis by stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro, and prostaglandin-E(2) production by activated human macrophages in vitro. Much of this AI activity was associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids and natural antoxidants (carotenoids, etc.).In contrast to NSAIDs, Lyprinol is non-gastrotoxic in disease-stressed rats at 300 mg/kg po and does not seem to affect platelet aggregation (human, rat). These data show Lyprinol to be a reproducible, relatively stable, source of bioactive lipids with much greater potency than plant/marine oils currently used as nutritional supplements to ameliorate signs of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Whitehouse
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 4102, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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