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Ye B, Lee MY, Wang WL, Li A, Liu ZY, Wu QY, Hu HY. Graphene oxide enhanced ozonation of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one: Kinetics, degradation pathway, and toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122563. [PMID: 32248031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kathon is among the most common non-oxidative biocides, containing 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and methylisothiazolone (MIT) as the active ingredients. In our previous work, MIT was shown to be efficiently removed by ozonation. In this work, we found that ozonation didn't readily degrade CMIT. Rate constants [Formula: see text] and k·OH,CMIT, determined to be 6.43 L mol-1 s-1 and 7.8 × 109 L mol-1 s-1, indicated that hydroxyl radicals played a more important role than ozone molecule in the CMIT ozonation which was also proved by the significant inhibition (55.7 %) when adding t-butanol (TBA). Graphene oxide (GO) greatly enhanced the CMIT ozonation, and degradation efficiency raised from 15 % to 100 % after 10 min through the increased production of hydroxyl radical. Basic conditions benefited the CMIT degradation compared with acidic and neutral conditions by promoting ozone decomposition and hydroxyl radical generation, while high carbonate and humic acid concentrations had slight influence on the CMIT degradation. In spite of the complex water matrix, CMIT degradation by GO enhanced ozonation was applicable in reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC). Based on the identification of the inorganic and organic products, a possible CMIT degradation pathway was proposed. However, CMIT transformation products still showed toxicity to Photobacterium phosphoreum and Daphnia magna even after a longer ozonation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Ye
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zi-Ye Liu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
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Determination of isothiazolinone preservatives in cosmetics and household products by matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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