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Arlt J, Wei W, Xie C, Homeyer A, Settmacher U, Dahmen U, Dirsch O. Modulation of hepatic perfusion did not improve recovery from hepatic outflow obstruction. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:50. [PMID: 28651622 PMCID: PMC5485608 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Focal hepatic venous outflow obstruction frequently occurs after extended liver resection and leads to a portal hypertension, arterial hypoperfusion and parenchymal necrosis. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological modulation of liver perfusion and hepatic damage in a surgical model of hepatic outflow obstruction after extended liver resection by administration of 5 different drugs in comparison to an operative intervention, splenectomy. Methods Male inbred Lewis rats (Lew/Crl) were subjected to right median hepatic vein ligation + 70% partial hepatectomy. Treatment consisted of a splenectomy or the application of saline, carvedilol or isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) (5 mg · kg−1 respectively 7,2 mg · kg−1 per gavage 12 h−1). The splenectomy was performed during operation. The effect of the treatments on hepatic hemodynamics were measured in non-operated animals, immediately after operation (n = 4/group) and 24 h after operation (n = 5/group). Assessment of hepatic damage (liver enzymes, histology) and liver cell proliferation (BrdU-immunohistochemistry) was performed 24 h after operation. Furthermore sildenafil (10 μg · kg−1 i.p. 12h−1), terlipressin (0.05 mg · kg−1 i.v. 12 h−1) and octreotide (10 μg · kg−1 s.c. 12 h−1) were investigated regarding their effect on hepatic hemodynamics and hepatic damage 24 h after operation (n = 4/group). Results Carvedilol and ISMN significantly decreased the portal pressure in normal non-operated rats from 11,1 ± 1,1 mmHg (normal rats) to 8,4 ± 0,3 mmHg (carvedilol) respectively 7,4 ± 1,8 mmHg (ISMN). ISMN substantially reduced surgery-induced portal hypertension from 15,4 ± 4,4 mmHg to 9,6 ± 2,3 mmHg. Only splenectomy reduced the portal flow immediately after operation by approximately 25%. No treatment had an immediate effect on the hepatic arterial perfusion. In all treatment groups, portal flow increased by approximately 3-fold within 24 h after operation, whereas hepatic arterial flow decreased substantially. Neither treatment reduced hepatic damage as assessed 24 h after operation. The distribution of proliferating cells appeared very similar in all drug treated groups and the splenectomy group. Conclusion Transient relative reduction of portal pressure did not result in a reduction of hepatic damage. This might be explained by the development of portal hyperperfusion which was accompanied by arterial hypoperfusion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40360-017-0155-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arlt
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - W Wei
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - C Xie
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - A Homeyer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Medical Image Computing MEVIS, Universitätsallee 29, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - U Settmacher
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - U Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - O Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Chemnitz, Flemmingstraße 2, 09116, Chemnitz, Germany
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Chang FC, Huang YT, Lin HC, Hong CY, Lin JG, Chen KJ. Beneficial effects of combined terlipressin and tetramethylpyrazine administration on portal hypertensive rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1999. [DOI: 10.1139/y99-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of terlipressin (TP) alone or in combination with tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on anesthetized portal hypertensive rats. Portal hypertension was induced by either partial portal vein ligation (PVL, without cirrhosis) or bile duct ligation (BDL, with cirrhosis) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Each PVL or BDL rat received only one of the two regimens: vehicle for 3 min followed by TP (0.017 mg·kg-1·min-1 for 3 min) or TMP (10 mg·kg-1·min-1 for 3 min) followed by TP. In PVL rats, infusion of vehicle followed by TP induced significant reduction of portal venous pressure (PVP, -15.0 ± 1.0%) and prominent elevation of mean arterial pressure (MAP, 57.3 ± 8.1%) as well as total peripheral resistance (TPR, 113 ± 11%) from baseline, and there was a cardiodepressant response (cardiac index, CI, -26.3 ± 1.1%). Infusion of TMP followed by TP induced significant reduction of PVP (-20.3 ± 0.4%) and CI (-9.9 ± 1.2%) and significant elevation of MAP (31.3 ± 2.5%) and TPR (46.0 ± 4.1%) from baseline. In BDL rats, infusion of vehicle followed by TP also induced significant reduction of PVP (-13.8 ± 1.7%) but an increase in MAP (57.1 ± 2.2%) and TPR (101 ± 6%) from baseline, and there also was a cardiodepressant response (CI, -21.4 ± 2.3%). Infusion of TMP followed by TP induced significant reduction of PVP (-18.9 ± 1.4%) and CI (-11.9 ± 2.1%), but an increase in MAP (36.2 ± 2.5%) and TPR (55.0 ± 5.2%). Compared with vehicle followed by TP, TMP not only significantly enhanced portal hypotensive (PVP reduction) effects of TP but also attenuated the systemic pressor (MAP and TPR elevation) and cardiodepressant (CI reduction) effects of TP in both PVL and BDL rats. Our results suggest that TP, alone or in combination with TMP, induced portal hypotensive effects in two models of portal hypertensive rats. Combination of TP and TMP was beneficial in enhancing portal hypotensive effects of TP and ameliorating the systemic pressor and cardiodepressant effects of TP.Key words: terlipressin, tetramethylpyrazine, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, hemodynamics.
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Huang YT, Lin LC, Chern JW, Lin HC, Hong CY. Portal hypotensive effects of combined terlipressin and DL-028, a synthetic alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist administration on anesthetized portal hypertensive rats. LIVER 1999; 19:129-34. [PMID: 10220743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.1999.tb00022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of terlipressin, alone or in combination with DL-028, a synthetic alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist on anesthetized portal hypertensive rats. METHODS Portal hypertension was induced by either partial portal vein ligation (PVL) or bile duct ligation (BDL) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Each portal hypertensive rat received only one of the two regimens: vehicle plus terlipressin or DL-028 plus terlipressin. Terlipressin dosage was 0.017 mg/kg/min infused for 3 min, while vehicle or DL-028 (0.50 microgram/kg/min) was continuously infused for 40 min, starting 10 min before terlipressin infusion. RESULTS In PVL rats, infusions of vehicle plus terlipressin induced significant, maximum reduction of portal venous pressure (PVP, -11.0 +/- 1.8%) and prominent elevation of mean arterial pressure (MAP, 50.3 +/- 9.0%) from baseline. Infusions of DL-028 plus terlipressin induced maximum PVP reduction (-17.5 +/- 2.8%) and MAP elevation (39.8 +/- 7.4%). In BDL rats, infusion of vehicle plus terlipressin also induced significant, maximum reduction of PVP (-6.8 +/- 2.1%) and prominent elevation of MAP (61.4 +/- 7.8%) from baseline. Infusions of DL-028 plus terlipressin induced maximum PVP reduction (-17.9 +/- 2.2%) and MAP elevation (47.9 +/- 7.4%). Compared to vehicle plus terlipressin, DL-028 significantly enhanced portal hypotensive effects of and attenuated systemic pressor effects of terlipressin in both PVL and BDL rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that terlipressin, alone or in combination with DL-028, induced portal hypotensive effects in portal hypertensive rats. The combination of terlipressin with DL-028 was beneficial in enhancing the portal hypotensive effects and ameliorating the systemic pressor effects of terlipressin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Huang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fort J, Oberti F, Pilette C, Veal N, Gallois Y, Douay O, Rousselet MC, Rosenbaum J, Calès P. Antifibrotic and hemodynamic effects of the early and chronic administration of octreotide in two models of liver fibrosis in rats. Hepatology 1998; 28:1525-31. [PMID: 9828216 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510280612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the early and chronic administration of octreotide in the prevention of hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension (PHT). Two experimental models of liver fibrosis caused by bile duct ligation (BDL) or CCl4 were divided into 4 rat groups: sham, placebo, and octreotide (10 and 100 micrograms/kg twice daily, subcutaneously). Liver fibrosis was assessed by the area of fibrosis (image analysis), liver hydroxyproline and fibronectin mRNA contents, and serum hyaluronate. Systemic and splanchnic hemodynamic changes were also evaluated, including the splenorenal shunt blood flow by the transit-time ultrasound (TTU) technique. In both models, splenorenal shunt blood flow was significantly lower in the octreotide groups than in the placebo group (P <.05), while portal pressure was not significantly decreased. There was a significant decrease in fibrosis by octreotide in the CCl4 model only: area of fibrosis: 13.9% +/- 3.7% vs. 9.8% +/- 2.5% (P <.01), hydroxyproline: 1.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.4 mg/g wet liver (P <.05), respectively, placebo vs. octreotide 10 micrograms/kg. There was a significant correlation between the area of fibrosis and hydroxyproline liver content (r =.87 in the biliary model and r =.91 in the CCl4 model; P <.0001). The early and chronic administration of octreotide prevents the development of portocollateral blood flow without reducing portal pressure in two models of liver fibrosis and the development of liver fibrosis in the CCl4 model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fort
- Laboratoire d'Hémodynamique Splanchnique, Université d'Angers, Bordeaux, France
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Huang YT, Wu HL, Chern JW, Lin HC, Hong CY. Hemodynamic effects of 8-day DL-028 and octreotide administration in rats with portal hypertension. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998; 33:1303-9. [PMID: 9930395 DOI: 10.1080/00365529850172403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DL-028 (chemical name: 3-[[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2,3-dihydroimidaz o[1,2-c]quinazolin-5(6H)-one (27b)) is a synthetic alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist. The present study was undertaken to investigate the hemodynamic effects of chronic DL-028 administration, alone or in combination with octreotide, in rats with portal hypertension. METHODS Portal hypertension was induced by partial portal-vein ligation. Portal-hypertensive rats were allocated to one of the four groups: vehicle group (saline, 0.5 ml/12 h), octreotide group (30 microg/kg/12 h), DL-028 group (0.4 mg/kg/12 h), and octreotide (30 mg/kg/l2 h) plus DL-028 (0.4 mg/kg/12 h) group, with eight rats in each group. DL-028 or saline was administered by gavage and octreotide by subcutaneous injection. Drugs were given immediately after ligation and for 8 consecutive days thereafter. Systemic and splanchnic hemodynamic variables were measured thereafter. RESULTS Portal-vein-ligated rats showed a typical hyperdynamic state as compared with sham-operated rats. The portal venous pressure, portal tributary blood flow, and cardiac index were significantly reduced by treatment with octreotide, DL-028, or octreotide plus DL-028 in portal-hypertensive rats. Hyperdynamic variables of systemic, renal, hepatocollateral, and portal territory vascular resistances and renal and hepatic arterial blood flow were ameliorated by treatment with octreotide or octreotide plus DL-028 in portal-hypertensive rats. Octreotide plus DL-028 treatment exerted better hemodynamic effects on the cardiac index but worse effects on systemic and hepatocollateral vascular resistance than octreotide treatment alone. CONCLUSION Although either DL-028 or octreotide ameliorated portal hypertension and splanchnic hyperemia in portal-hypertensive rats, octreotide treatment exerted more beneficial hemodynamic effects than DL-028 treatment. The combination of octreotide and DL-028 conferred no better hemodynamic benefits than octreotide alone, except on the cardiac index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Huang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin HC, Wu HL, Huang YT, Hou MC, Lee SD, Hong CY. Haemodynamic effects of 8-day octreotide and prazosin administration in portal hypertensive rats. Eur J Clin Invest 1998; 28:622-8. [PMID: 9767356 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1998.00347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Octreotide and prazosin are both effective portal hypotensive drugs in the control or prevention of variceal bleeding. The present study was undertaken to investigate the haemodynamic effects of octreotide and prazosin, alone or in combination, in portal hypertensive rats. METHODS Portal hypertension was induced by partial portal vein ligation. Portal hypertensive rats were allocated into one of the four groups-vehicle group (saline, 0.5 mL 12 h-1), octreotide group (30 micrograms kg-1 12 h-1), prazosin group (0.4 mg kg-1 12 h-1), and octreotide (30 micrograms kg-1 12 h-1) plus prazosin (0.4 mg kg-1 12 h-1) group-with eight rats in each group. Prazosin or saline was administered by gavage, whereas octreotide was administered by subcutaneous injection. The drug was given on the day of ligation and continued for 8 consecutive days. Systemic as well as splanchnic haemodynamic parameters were measured thereafter. RESULTS Portal vein-ligated rats exhibited typical hyperdynamic state compared with sham-operated rats. The portal venous pressure, portal tributary blood flow and cardiac index were significantly reduced by treatment of octreotide, prazosin or octreotide plus prazosin in portal hypertensive rats. Hyperdynamic parameters of systemic, renal and portal territory vascular resistances, and renal as well as hepatic arterial blood flow were ameliorated by treatment of octreotide or octreotide plus prazosin in portal hypertensive rats. Overall, octreotide treatment exerted more beneficial haemodynamic effects than prazosin treatment. The combination of octreotide and prazosin exerted better haemodynamic effects in cardiac index but worse effects in systemic as well as portal territory vascular resistance than octreotide treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lin
- Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang YT, Cheng YR, Lin HC, Chen SM, Hong CY. Haemodynamic effects of chronic octreotide and tetrandrine administration in portal hypertensive rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 13:266-72. [PMID: 9570239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1998.01554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Octreotide is an effective portal hypotensive drug in the control of variceal bleeding. Tetrandrine is a type of calcium channel blocker recently reported to reduce portal hypertension. The present study was undertaken to investigate the haemodynamic effects of octreotide and tetrandrine, alone and in combination, in portal hypertensive rats. Portal hypertension was induced by partial portal vein ligation. Portal hypertensive rats were allocated into one of the four groups: vehicle group (saline, 0.5 mL/day), octreotide group (100 microg/kg per 12 h), tetrandrine group (20 mg/kg per 12 h), and octreotide (100 microg/kg per 12 h) plus tetrandrine (20mg/kg per 12 h) group. Tetrandrine or saline was administered by gavage, and octreotide by subcutaneous injection. The drug was given for 8 consecutive days, starting 1 day before ligation and continuing onwards. Haemodynamic parameters were measured thereafter, using the radioactive microsphere method. The portal venous pressure and portal tributary blood flow were significantly reduced, while portal territory and renal vascular resistances were significantly enhanced, by octreotide, tetrandrine, or octreotide plus tetrandrine in portal hypertensive rats, compared with the vehicle group. Our results showed that long-term administration of octreotide, tetrandrine, or octreotide plus tetrandrine led to portal hypotensive effects in portal hypertensive rats, but octreotide alone exerted better anti-hyperdynamic effects compared with tetrandrine alone. A combination of octreotide and tetrandrine offered no major beneficial anti-hyperdynamic effects compared with octreotide alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Huang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Aboud RW, Connolly C, McCormick PA, Docherty JR. Vascular actions of octreotide in the portal hypertensive rat. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 122:698-702. [PMID: 9375966 PMCID: PMC1564996 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1. We have investigated the actions of the somatostatin analogue octreotide in the portal hypertensive Wistar rat in vivo and in rat small mesenteric artery and aorta in vitro. 2. In small mesenteric artery, octreotide (0.1-0.3 microM) failed to produce any direct contraction, nor did it affect contractions to noradrenaline (NA, 10 microM) or endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine. 3. In rat aorta, octreotide (0.3 microM) and somatostatin (1 microM) failed to affect contractions to NA (1 microM), or concentration-contractile response curves to NA. 4. In rat vas deferens, octreotide and somatostatin significantly reduced contractile responses to electrical stimulation with pD2 values (-log IC50) of 8.19 +/- 0.10 (n = 4) and 8.16 +/- 0.26 (n = 4), respectively. Hence, the lack of effect of these agents in aorta or mesenteric artery was not due to lack of efficacy or inappropriate choice of concentration. 5. In the anaesthetized portal hypertensive rat, intravenous injection of octreotide (1-100 microg kg[-1]) did not significantly affect systemic blood pressure, nor did it affect mesenteric vascular conductance as measured by laser doppler flow probes. However, octreotide (100 microg kg[-1]) significantly reduced vascular conductance to 74.2 +/- 7.7% of control (n = 6) in porto-systemic shunt vessels as measured by laser doppler flow probes. 6. Phenylephrine (1 microg kg[-1]) significantly raised blood pressure and significantly decreased vascular conductance in both mesenteric (66.6 +/- 3.7% of control) and porto-systemic shunt vessels (58.7 +/- 10.0% of control). 7. It was concluded that octreotide has selective effects on porto-systemic shunt vessles in vivo in the portal hypertensive rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Aboud
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin
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