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Ryan E, Nishimura S, Lopez G, Tayebi N, Sidransky E. Phenotypic consequences of GBA1 pathological variant R463C (p.R502C). Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63630. [PMID: 38647370 PMCID: PMC11315629 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessively inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by biallelic pathological variants in the GBA1 gene. Patients present along a broad clinical spectrum, and phenotypes are often difficult to predict based on genotype alone. The variant R463C (p.Arg502Cys) exemplifies this challenge. To better characterize its different clinical presentations, we examined the records of 25 current and historical patients evaluated at the National Institutes of Health. Nine patients were classified as GD1, 14 were classified as GD3, and two had an ambiguous diagnosis between GD1 and GD3. In addition, we reviewed the published literature in PubMed and Web of Science through December 2023, identifying 62 cases with an R463C variant from 18 countries. Within the NIH cohort, the most common second variants were N370S (p.N409S) and L444P (p.L483P). R463C/L444P was encountered in patients with GD1 and GD3 in both the NIH cohort and worldwide. In the literature, R463C/R463C was also reported in both GD1 and GD3, although sparse phenotypic information was shared. Often the phenotype reflected what might be predicted for the second mutant allele. This diversity of phenotypes emphasizes the need for longitudinal follow-up to assess symptom development and neurological involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emory Ryan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Samantha Nishimura
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Grisel Lopez
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Nahid Tayebi
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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Dimitriou E, Moraitou M, Cozar M, Serra-Vinardell J, Vilageliu L, Grinberg D, Mavridou I, Michelakakis H. Gaucher disease: Biochemical and molecular findings in 141 patients diagnosed in Greece. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 24:100614. [PMID: 32547927 PMCID: PMC7284128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is characterized by a marked phenotypic and genetic diversity. It is caused by the functional deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which in most instances results from mutations in the GBA1 gene and over 500 different disease causing mutations have been described. We present the biochemical and molecular findings in 141 GD cases (14 were siblings) with the three types of the disorder diagnosed in Greece over the last 35 years. 111/141 (78%) GD patients were of Greek origin. The remaining patients were Albanian (24/141; 17%), Syrian (2/141; 1.4%), Egyptian (2/141; 1.4%), Italian (1/141; 0.7%) and Polish (1/141; 0.7%). Mutation analysis identified 28 different mutations and 37 different genotypes. Seven of the mutations were not previously reported (T231I, D283N, N462Y, LI75P, F81L, Y135S and T482K). The most frequent mutations were N370S, D409H;H255Q and L444P. Mutation D409H;H255Q was only identified in Greek and Albanian patients. Sixteen mutations, including the novel ones, were identified only in one allele. Although the N370S mutation was identified only in type 1 patients, not all of type 1 patients carried this mutation. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of Gaucher disease and support the Balkan origin of the double mutant allele D409H;H255Q. Gaucher disease in Greece has an incidence estimate of 2.8/100,000 births. Mutation analysis in 125 patients identified 28 different mutations and 37 different genotypes. Seven of the mutations were not previously reported: T231I, D283N, N462Y, LI75P, F81L, Y135S and T482K. Mutation D409H;H255Q was only identified in Greek and Albanian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Dimitriou
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Moraitou
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Mónica Cozar
- Department de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadistica, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenny Serra-Vinardell
- Department de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadistica, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluïsa Vilageliu
- Department de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadistica, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadistica, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Mavridou
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Michelakakis
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
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Tezuka Y, Fukuda M, Watanabe S, Nakano T, Okamoto K, Kuzume K, Yano Y, Eguchi M, Ishimae M, Ishii E, Miyazaki T. Histological characterisation of visceral changes in a patient with type 2 Gaucher disease treated with enzyme replacement therapy. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 68:194-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mitsui J, Matsukawa T, Sasaki H, Yabe I, Matsushima M, Dürr A, Brice A, Takashima H, Kikuchi A, Aoki M, Ishiura H, Yasuda T, Date H, Ahsan B, Iwata A, Goto J, Ichikawa Y, Nakahara Y, Momose Y, Takahashi Y, Hara K, Kakita A, Yamada M, Takahashi H, Onodera O, Nishizawa M, Watanabe H, Ito M, Sobue G, Ishikawa K, Mizusawa H, Kanai K, Hattori T, Kuwabara S, Arai K, Koyano S, Kuroiwa Y, Hasegawa K, Yuasa T, Yasui K, Nakashima K, Ito H, Izumi Y, Kaji R, Kato T, Kusunoki S, Osaki Y, Horiuchi M, Kondo T, Murayama S, Hattori N, Yamamoto M, Murata M, Satake W, Toda T, Filla A, Klockgether T, Wüllner U, Nicholson G, Gilman S, Tanner CM, Kukull WA, Stern MB, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Masliah E, Low PA, Sandroni P, Ozelius LJ, Foroud T, Tsuji S. Variants associated with Gaucher disease in multiple system atrophy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:417-26. [PMID: 25909086 PMCID: PMC4402086 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) variants that cause Gaucher disease are associated with Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). To investigate the role of GBA variants in multiple system atrophy (MSA), we analyzed GBA variants in a large case-control series. METHODS We sequenced coding regions and flanking splice sites of GBA in 969 MSA patients (574 Japanese, 223 European, and 172 North American) and 1509 control subjects (900 Japanese, 315 European, and 294 North American). We focused solely on Gaucher-disease-causing GBA variants. RESULTS In the Japanese series, we found nine carriers among the MSA patients (1.65%) and eight carriers among the control subjects (0.89%). In the European series, we found three carriers among the MSA patients (1.35%) and two carriers among the control subjects (0.63%). In the North American series, we found five carriers among the MSA patients (2.91%) and one carrier among the control subjects (0.34%). Subjecting each series to a Mantel-Haenszel analysis yielded a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 2.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-5.21) and a P-value of 0.029 without evidence of significant heterogeneity. Logistic regression analysis yielded similar results, with an adjusted OR of 2.43 (95% CI 1.15-5.37) and a P-value of 0.022. Subtype analysis showed that Gaucher-disease-causing GBA variants are significantly associated with MSA cerebellar subtype (MSA-C) patients (P = 7.3 × 10(-3)). INTERPRETATION The findings indicate that, as in PD and DLB, Gaucher-disease-causing GBA variants are associated with MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenao Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yabe
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Matsushima
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo, Japan
| | - Alexandra Dürr
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Inserm, U 1127, Cnrs, UMR 7225, 3- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Inserm, U 1127, Cnrs, UMR 7225, 3- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Kikuchi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yasuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Date
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Budrul Ahsan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Goto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yaeko Ichikawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Momose
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenju Hara
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan ; Department of Clinical Research, Saigata Medical Center, National Hospital Organization Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Masatoyo Nishizawa
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ito
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kanai
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University School of Medicine Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamichi Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University School of Medicine Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University School of Medicine Chiba, Japan
| | - Kimihito Arai
- Division of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Chiba East Hospital Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Koyano
- Department of Clinical Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kuroiwa
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine University Hospital Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yuasa
- Department of Neurology, Kamagaya-Chiba Medical Center for Intractable Neurological Disease, Kamagaya General Hospital Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yasui
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Yonago, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakashima
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Yonago, Japan
| | - Hijiri Ito
- Department of Neurology, Mifukai Vihara Hananosato Hospital Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- Departments of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University Yamagata, Japan
| | - Susumu Kusunoki
- Department of Neurology, Kinki University School of Medicine Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Osaki
- Department of Geriatrics, Cardiology and Neurology, Kochi Medical School Nankoku, Japan
| | - Masahiro Horiuchi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Kondo
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology and the Brain Bank for Aging Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Miho Murata
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Satake
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe, Japan
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany
| | - Garth Nicholson
- Concord Hospital, University of Sydney at the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) Research Institute Sydney, Australia
| | - Sid Gilman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veteran's Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, California
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health Seattle, Washington
| | - Mathew B Stern
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Institute on Aging, Udall Parkinson's Research Center, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Institute on Aging, Udall Parkinson's Research Center, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego San Diego, California
| | - Phillip A Low
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paola Sandroni
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
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Dermentzaki G, Dimitriou E, Xilouri M, Michelakakis H, Stefanis L. Loss of β-glucocerebrosidase activity does not affect alpha-synuclein levels or lysosomal function in neuronal cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60674. [PMID: 23580063 PMCID: PMC3620326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, a plethora of studies have provided evidence favoring an association between Gaucher disease (GD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). GD, the most common lysosomal storage disorder, results from the diminished activity of the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), caused by mutations in the β-glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA). Alpha-synuclein (ASYN), a presynaptic protein, has been strongly implicated in PD pathogenesis. ASYN may in part be degraded by the lysosomes and may itself aberrantly impact lysosomal function. Therefore, a putative link between deficient GCase and ASYN, involving lysosomal dysfunction, has been proposed to be responsible for the risk for PD conferred by GBA mutations. In this current work, we aimed to investigate the effects of pharmacological inhibition of GCase on ASYN accumulation/aggregation, as well as on lysosomal function, in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and in primary neuronal cultures. Following profound inhibition of the enzyme activity, we did not find significant alterations in ASYN levels, or any changes in the clearance or formation of its oligomeric species. We further observed no significant impairment of the lysosomal degradation machinery. These findings suggest that additional interaction pathways together with aberrant GCase and ASYN must govern this complex relation between GD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Dermentzaki
- Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Dimitriou
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Xilouri
- Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Michelakakis
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Song W, Wang F, Savini M, Ake A, di Ronza A, Sardiello M, Segatori L. TFEB regulates lysosomal proteostasis. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:1994-2009. [PMID: 23393155 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function diseases are often caused by destabilizing mutations that lead to protein misfolding and degradation. Modulating the innate protein homeostasis (proteostasis) capacity may lead to rescue of native folding of the mutated variants, thereby ameliorating the disease phenotype. In lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), a number of highly prevalent alleles have missense mutations that do not impair the enzyme's catalytic activity but destabilize its native structure, resulting in the degradation of the misfolded protein. Enhancing the cellular folding capacity enables rescuing the native, biologically functional structure of these unstable mutated enzymes. However, proteostasis modulators specific for the lysosomal system are currently unknown. Here, we investigate the role of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and function, in modulating lysosomal proteostasis in LSDs. We show that TFEB activation results in enhanced folding, trafficking and lysosomal activity of a severely destabilized glucocerebrosidase (GC) variant associated with the development of Gaucher disease (GD), the most common LSD. TFEB specifically induces the expression of GC and of key genes involved in folding and lysosomal trafficking, thereby enhancing both the pool of mutated enzyme and its processing through the secretory pathway. TFEB activation also rescues the activity of a β-hexosaminidase mutant associated with the development of another LSD, Tay-Sachs disease, thus suggesting general applicability of TFEB-mediated proteostasis modulation to rescue destabilizing mutations in LSDs. In summary, our findings identify TFEB as a specific regulator of lysosomal proteostasis and suggest that TFEB may be used as a therapeutic target to rescue enzyme homeostasis in LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Wang F, Song W, Brancati G, Segatori L. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation rescues native folding in loss of function protein misfolding diseases. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43454-64. [PMID: 22006919 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.274332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders are often caused by mutations that destabilize native folding and impair trafficking of secretory proteins. We demonstrate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) prevents native folding of mutated lysosomal enzymes in patient-derived fibroblasts from two clinically distinct lysosomal storage disorders, namely Gaucher and Tay-Sachs disease. Prolonging ER retention via ERAD inhibition enhanced folding, trafficking, and activity of these unstable enzyme variants. Furthermore, combining ERAD inhibition with enhancement of the cellular folding capacity via proteostasis modulation resulted in synergistic rescue of mutated enzymes. ERAD inhibition was achieved by cell treatment with small molecules that interfere with recognition (kifunensine) or retrotranslocation (eeyarestatin I) of misfolded substrates. These different mechanisms of ERAD inhibition were shown to enhance ER retention of mutated proteins but were associated with dramatically different levels of ER stress, unfolded protein response activation, and unfolded protein response-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Wang F, Chou A, Segatori L. Lacidipine Remodels Protein Folding and Ca2+ Homeostasis in Gaucher's Disease Fibroblasts: A Mechanism to Rescue Mutant Glucocerebrosidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:766-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang F, Agnello G, Sotolongo N, Segatori L. Ca2+ homeostasis modulation enhances the amenability of L444P glucosylcerebrosidase to proteostasis regulation in patient-derived fibroblasts. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:158-68. [PMID: 21043486 DOI: 10.1021/cb100321m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher's disease is caused by deficiency of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase (GC) activity and accumulation of GC substrate, glucosylceramide. A number of point mutations in GC encoding gene have been reported to destabilize the enzyme native structure, resulting in protein misfolding and degradation. Particularly, the L444P GC variant, often associated with neuropathic manifestations of the disease, is severely destabilized and immediately degraded, resulting in complete loss of enzymatic activity. In addition, glucosylceramide accumulation causes Ca(2+) efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in the neurons of Gaucher's disease patients. We hypothesized that excessive [Ca(2+)](ER) efflux impairs ER folding and studied how modulation of [Ca(2+)](ER) affects folding of L444P GC in patient-derived fibroblasts. We report that RyRs blockers mediated [Ca(2+)] modulation, recreating a "wild type-like" folding environment in the ER, more amenable to rescuing the folding of mutated L444P GC through proteostasis regulation. Treating patient-derived fibroblasts with a RyRs blocker and a proteostasis modulator, MG-132, results in enhanced folding, trafficking, and activity of the severely destabilized L444P GC variant. Global gene expression profiling and mechanistic studies were conducted to investigate the folding quality control expression pattern conducive to native folding of mutated L444P GC and revealed that the ER-lumenal BiP/GRP78 plays a key role in the biogenesis of this GC variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, CHBE-MS 362, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Giulia Agnello
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, CHBE-MS 362, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Natasha Sotolongo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, CHBE-MS 362, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Laura Segatori
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, CHBE-MS 362, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Schmitz M, Alfalah M, Aerts JMFG, Naim HY, Zimmer KP. Impaired trafficking of mutants of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase in Gaucher's disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37:2310-20. [PMID: 15982918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 05/01/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher's disease is the most inherited lysosomal storage disorder. Except for a few cases, the broad phenotypic heterogeneity of Gaucher's disease can be neither predicted from defined mutations nor from differences in residual enzyme activity. Here, we analyse the intracellular trafficking of glucocerebrosidase as an underlying mechanism for the expression of the clinical phenotype. Biosynthetic labeling studies combined with immunofluorescence analyses with fibroblasts from patients with the defined mutations N370S, L444P, D409H and G202R unequivocally demonstrate a retarded transport of glucocerebrosidase carrying the mutation N370S and a transport block in the ER of the enzyme with the mutations G202R, L444P and D409H. We asked whether cellular components in the patients' fibroblasts other than glucocerebrosidase are implicated in the onset of the disease. For this, mutant cDNA's corresponding to the phenotypes N370S, G202R and L444P were expressed in the mouse fibroblasts NIH3T3. Essentially similar biochemical and cellular features were revealed as compared to the patients' fibroblasts strongly suggesting that these mutations are exclusively responsible for the characterized phenotypes. Interestingly, the immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP) binds wild type and the mutant N370S but not the G202R and L444P variants suggesting a discriminatory role played by this chaperone associated with the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schmitz
- Children's Hospital of the University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, Münster, Germany
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11
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Ron I, Dagan A, Gatt S, Pasmanik-Chor M, Horowitz M. Use of fluorescent substrates for characterization of Gaucher disease mutations. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2005; 35:57-65. [PMID: 15916907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease results from impaired activity of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucocerebrosidase. More than 200 mutations within the glucocerebrosidase gene have been associated with this disease. In this study we tested the effect of several mutations (K157Q, D140H, E326K, D140H+E326K, V394L and R463C) on RNA stability, protein stability and activity toward four different fluorescent substrates (LR-12-GC, Bodipy-12-GC, LR-0-PAP-glucose and 4-MUG), using the vaccinia-derived expression system. The results indicated that the K157Q mutation leads to RNA instability, causing low protein levels and a concomitant reduction in beta-glucocerebrosidase activity. All other tested mutations led to production of glucocerebrosidase RNA and protein with stabilities comparable to those of the normal counterpart. The D140H variant exhibited a high activity toward the tested substrates while the variant enzymes containing either the E326K or D140H and E326k mutations together expressed low beta-glucocerebrosidase activity. The V394L variant exhibited low activity toward the tested substrates, while a higher activity was presented by the R463C containing glucocerebrosidase variant. Our results strongly indicated that the LR-12-GC substrate distinguishes between severities of different mutant glucocerebrosidase variants overexpressed in a heterologous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idit Ron
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
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12
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Lachmann RH, Grant IR, Halsall D, Cox TM. Twin pairs showing discordance of phenotype in adult Gaucher's disease. QJM 2004; 97:199-204. [PMID: 15028849 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hch036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-neuronopathic (type 1) Gaucher's disease, a recessive disorder caused by glucocerebrosidase deficiency, shows marked variability in the severity and extent of clinical expression: many individuals who harbour two mutant alleles remain mildly affected or asymptomatic. Despite much effort, it is not possible accurately to predict disease severity from the genotype, or to identify those patients destined to develop severe disease and meriting early treatment. AIM To determine the degree to which variance in Gaucher disease is determined by non-heritable factors. DESIGN Case reports of monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. RESULTS For the monozygotic twin pair, homozygous for the frequent N370S glucocerebrosidase allele, there was no evidence that significant lipid storage was ever initiated in the unaffected twin. In contrast, pathological storage of glucocerebroside has been present in the macrophages of both members of the dizygotic twin pair (compound heterozygotes for the N370S and L444P alleles) from an early age but, by the age of 57 years, only one has developed symptoms. DISCUSSION Non-heritable factors influence Gaucher disease expression in genetically predisposed individuals. Understanding the interactions between heritable and non-heritable factors will be critical for an analysis of pathogenesis, and the treatment of individuals predisposed to Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Lachmann
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Grabowski GA, Andria G, Baldellou A, Campbell PE, Charrow J, Cohen IJ, Harris CM, Kaplan P, Mengel E, Pocovi M, Vellodi A. Pediatric non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease: presentation, diagnosis and assessment. Consensus statements. Eur J Pediatr 2004; 163:58-66. [PMID: 14677061 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-003-1362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2003] [Accepted: 10/06/2003] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gaucher disease is caused by defective activity of glucocerebrosidase. The resulting accumulation of glucocerebroside in the lysosomes of visceral macrophages in various tissue and organ compartments leads to multiple manifestations, including hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation and skeletal disease. The most prevalent form of Gaucher disease is the non-neuronopathic (type 1) variant, which lacks primary involvement of the central nervous system. Traditionally, this has been referred to as the 'adult type'; however, 66% of individuals with symptomatic non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease manifest in childhood. Onset in childhood is usually predictive of a severe, rapidly progressive phenotype and children with non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease are at high risk for morbid complications. Enzyme therapy with recombinant human glucocerebrosidase in childhood can restore health in reversible manifestations and prevent the development of irreversible symptoms. A heightened focus on pediatric Gaucher disease is therefore needed. Although some correlation has been found between genotype and phenotype, mutation analysis is of limited value in disease prognosis. Management of pediatric Gaucher disease should be underpinned by a thorough assessment of the phenotype at baseline with regular monitoring thereafter. Excluding neuronopathic disease is recommended as the first step. Subsequently, baseline evaluation should focus on staging of different storage tissues, particularly the bone the involvement of which results in the greatest long-term morbidity. These organ assessments are recommended because bone disease severity may not correlate with disease severity in other organs and vice versa. In addition, different organs may respond differently to therapy. Initial assessment of each organ system can enable setting of realistic and individualized goals. CONCLUSION A thorough approach to baseline assessment will improve the understanding of childhood Gaucher disease, optimizing management to minimize impairment of growth and development and prevent irreversible symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Grabowski
- Division and Program in Human Genetics, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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14
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Drugan C, Procopciuc L, Jebeleanu G, Grigorescu-Sido P, Dussau J, Poenaru L, Caillaud C. Gaucher disease in Romanian patients: incidence of the most common mutations and phenotypic manifestations. Eur J Hum Genet 2002; 10:511-5. [PMID: 12173027 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2001] [Revised: 05/01/2002] [Accepted: 05/13/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an inherited glycolipid storage disorder resulting from the deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. It is the most frequent lysosomal storage disease in Romania, accounting for 70% of all lysosomal disorders diagnosed since 1997 in this country. The prevalence of six common mutations (N370S, L444P, R463C, 84GG, recNciI and recTL) and their phenotypic impact were studied in 20 type 1 GD patients of non-Jewish origin. Mutation analysis identified 77.8% of the GD alleles. The N370S mutation had the highest prevalence (50%), followed by the L444P (22.2%) and the recNciI (5.6%) alleles. Mutations R463C, 84GG and recTL have not been found in our patients. Rare or novel mutations likely accounted for 22.2% of the disease-producing uncharacterised alleles. Our study indicates a high prevalence of type 1 among Romanian GD patients. Clinical phenotype and disease severity were evaluated according to the standardised severity score index. Genotype-phenotype correlations were similar to those reported for other Caucasian non-Jewish populations. The absence of neuronopathic disease in patients presenting at least one copy of the N370S allele was confirmed, but the relative mildness of N370S homozygotes was not a constant feature among our patients. The presence of the L444P or of uncharacterised sporadic mutations was always associated with severe clinical manifestations, even in compound heterozygotes with the N370S allele. A large degree of phenotypic variability was observed in patients displaying the same genotype. The particularities of genotype-phenotype correlations may suggest the impact of other genetic or non-genetic factors on the clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Drugan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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15
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Michelakakis H, Skardoutsou A, Mathioudakis J, Moraitou M, Dimitriou E, Voudris C, Karpathios T. Early-onset severe neurological involvement and D409H homozygosity in Gaucher disease: outcome of enzyme replacement therapy. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2002; 28:1-4. [PMID: 11814305 DOI: 10.1006/bcmd.2001.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease, in most cases, is the result of mutations in the beta-glucocerebrosidase gene. More than 150 such mutations have been identified so far. Mutation D409H is the second most frequent in Greek patients, accounting for 15.5% of all identified mutated alleles. D409H homozygosity has, so far, been associated with a unique type III subtype of Gaucher disease that is characterized by the presence of devastating valvular heart disease, oculomotor apraxia, and, sometimes, features normally associated with mucopolysaccharidoses or oligosaccharidoses. Common manifestations of Gaucher disease tend to be less evident or even absent. We report the first Greek patient bearing the D409H/D409H genotype with onset of the disease in the first months of life and a phenotype dominated by severe neurological involvement. Enzyme replacement therapy, while improving the hematological parameters and organomegaly, failed to improve or even arrest the neurological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Michelakakis
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Ag. Sophia Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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16
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Moraitou M, van Weely S, Verhoek M, Aerts J, Dimitriou E, Michelakakis H. The facile detection of 1505G-->A in Gaucher patients with different phenotypes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1536:97-102. [PMID: 11406344 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(01)00033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In Gaucher disease patients, over 100 disease-causing mutations have been identified. For identification of the 1504C-->T (R463C) mutation it is common to use PCR-restriction fragmentation analysis using the restriction enzyme MspI. In the present study we investigated the reliability of this approach because accurate determination of genotypes is important in genotype-phenotype correlations. A simple modification, i.e. using the restriction enzyme HphI instead of MspI, revealed that type I and II Gaucher disease patients who had previously been identified as carrying the 1504C-->T mutation in fact carried the 1505G-->A (IVS10(-1)G-->A) mutation. Sequencing of the appropriate fragment confirmed this. The PCR method easily differentiates between these two mutations in Gaucher disease patients, thus circumventing the need for sequencing procedures. The phenotypes of the patients found to be carrying the 1505G-->A mutation are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moraitou
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Ag. Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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17
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Boot RG, Hollak CE, Verhoek M, Sloof P, Poorthuis BJ, Kleijer WJ, Wevers RA, van Oers MH, Mannens MM, Aerts JM, van Weely S. Glucocerebrosidase genotype of Gaucher patients in The Netherlands: limitations in prognostic value. Hum Mutat 2000; 10:348-58. [PMID: 9375849 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1997)10:5<348::aid-humu3>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a recessively inherited lysosomal storage disorder that is caused by a deficiency in glucocerebrosidase activity. The clinical expression is markedly heterogeneous with respect to age of onset, progression, severity, and neurological involvement. The relative incidence of glucocerebrosidase (GC) mutations has been studied extensively for Jewish but not for non-Jewish Caucasian patient populations. The present survey on mutant GC genotypes prevalent in Gaucher disease in The Netherlands was taken of 72 patients from different genetic backgrounds. This number is more than half the total number of affected Gaucher patients to be expected on the basis of the incidence of the disorder in this country. Analysis of nine GC mutations led to the identification of 74% of the mutant GC alleles in patients from 44 unrelated Dutch families (i.e., families that have lived in The Netherlands for at least several generations) and of 44% of the mutant GC alleles in patients from nine unrelated families that recently immigrated from both European and non-European countries. The N370S (cDNA 1226G) GC mutation proved to occur most frequently (41%) in the unrelated Dutch patients and less frequently (6%) in the unrelated immigrant patients and was always associated with the nonneuronopathic (Type 1) form of the disease. Apart from the association of the N370S mutation with Type 1 Gaucher disease, the prognostic value of GC genotyping was limited, since a particular GC genotype did not correlate closely to a specific clinical course, or to a specific relative responsiveness to enzyme-supplementation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Boot
- Department of Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Cormand B, Grinberg D, Gort L, Chabás A, Vilageliu L. Molecular analysis and clinical findings in the Spanish Gaucher disease population: putative haplotype of the N370S ancestral chromosome. Hum Mutat 2000; 11:295-305. [PMID: 9554746 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1998)11:4<295::aid-humu7>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal beta-glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene. As the disease is particularly prevalent among Ashkenazi Jews, most studies have been carried out on this ethnic group. In the current study, we present a mutation analysis of the GBA gene in Spanish patients together with the clinical findings. We conducted a systematic analysis in 53 unrelated GD patients. The GBA gene was initially scanned for nine previously described mutations by ASO hybridization or restriction analysis after PCR amplification. The remaining unidentified alleles were screened by nonisotopic PCR-SSCP analysis and sequenced. This approach allowed the identification of 101 of 106 GD alleles (95.3%) involving 24 different mutations, 11 of which are described for the first time: G113E (455G-->A), T134P (517A-->C), G389E (1283G-->A), P391L (1289C-->T), N392I (1292A-->T), Y412H (1351T-->G), W(-4)X (108G-->A), Q169X (662C-->T), R257X (886C-->T), 500insT, and IVS5+1G-->T. Most mutations are present in one or few GD chromosomes. However, two mutations, N370S (1226A-->G) and L444P (1448T-->C), are very frequent and account for 66.1% of the total number of alleles. Linkage disequilibrium was detected between these two mutations and an intragenic polymorphism, indicating that expansion of founder alleles occurred in both cases. Analysis of several microsatellite markers close to the GBA gene allowed us to establish the putative haplotype of the ancestral N370S chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Gürakan F, Terzioğlu M, Koçak N, Yüce A, Ozen H, Ciliv G, Emre S. Analysis of three mutations in Turkish children with Gaucher disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 1999; 22:947-8. [PMID: 10604154 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005668230365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Gürakan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Petrides PE, leCoutre P, Müller-Höcker J, Magin E, Harzer K, Demina A, Beutler E. Coincidence of Gaucher's disease due to a private mutation and Ph' positive chronic myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol 1998; 59:87-90. [PMID: 9723584 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(199809)59:1<87::aid-ajh17>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 46-year-old female with coexisting type I Gaucher's disease and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The diagnosis of Gaucher's disease was made in early childhood by bone marrow biopsy and was recently confirmed by biochemical demonstration of reduced leukocyte beta-glucocerebrosidase activity and the presence of Gaucher cells in a bone marrow aspirate. We analyzed the patient's genomic DNA for the underlying glucocerebrosidase mutations and have found homozygosity for a C-->T transition in cDNA nucleotide 593 (159 Pro-->Leu), presently an undescribed mutation. After initiation of replacement therapy with alglucerase we observed a significant increase of the platelet count in our patient. The diagnosis of CML was based on standard hematological parameters and the detection of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). With intermittent treatment with busulfan the patient has remained in chronic phase for nine years. The patient suffered from hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia, both of which can be caused by Gaucher's disease and CML. The aggravation of skeletal manifestations of Gaucher's disease, which occurred at the time of diagnosis of CML, could be due to increased production of leukocyte-derived glucocerebrosides that were not appropriately degraded because of the genetic beta-glucocerebrosidase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Petrides
- Department of Medicine, Charité Hospital Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Beutler
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 USA.
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Michelakakis H, Spanou C, Kondyli A, Dimitriou E, Van Weely S, Hollak CE, Van Oers MH, Aerts JM. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) levels in Gaucher disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1317:219-22. [PMID: 8988238 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(96)00056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) levels were measured in the plasma of patients with different types of Gaucher disease (GD) and patients with other lysosomal storage diseases. The highest TNF-a levels were observed in the most severe neuronopathic type of GD, exceeding those found in healthy individuals as well as patients with other lysosomal disorders. Type I GD cases showed a wide range of TNF-a levels ranging from normal to 2.5 x the highest control value. TNF-a is a pleiotropic cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages. Our data suggest that it may play a role in the pathophysiology of GD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Michelakakis
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Ag. Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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