de Groot DJA, de Vries EGE, Groen HJM, de Jong S. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to potentiate chemotherapy effects: from lab to clinic.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2006;
61:52-69. [PMID:
16945549 DOI:
10.1016/j.critrevonc.2006.07.001]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most solid tumors express the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein, a target of NSAIDs. COX-2 overexpression in tumorsis considered a predictor of more advanced stage disease and of worse prognosis in a number of studies investigating solid malignancies. Therefore, NSAIDs are evaluated as anti-cancer drugs. NSAIDs inhibit proliferation, invasiveness of tumors, and angiogenesis and overcome apoptosis resistance in a COX-2 dependent and independent manner. This review will focus on the rationale behind NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs or novel molecular targeted drugs. Studies investigating anti-cancer effects of NSAIDs on cell lines and xenograft models have shown modulation of the Akt, NF-kappaB, tyrosine kinase and the death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathways. COX-2 expression in tumors is not yet used as biomarker in the clinic. Despite the increased risk on cardiovascular toxicity induced by selective COX-2 inhibitors, several ongoing clinical trials are still investigating the therapeutic benefits of NSAIDs in oncology. The anti-tumor effects in these trials balanced with the side effects data will define the precise role of selective COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of cancer patients.
Collapse